尼泊尔西部某三级医院动物咬伤的临床流行病学研究

S. Pokhrel, Roshan Yadav, Karuna Sharma, A. Shrestha, Rekha Poudel, C. B. Pun
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引用次数: 0

摘要

动物咬伤是一个常见的公共卫生问题,其中狗咬伤是尼泊尔最常见的。狂犬病感染是动物咬伤后最令人关注的问题。本研究旨在评估人口统计学变量、动物类型、咬伤情况、伤口类型和部位以及动物咬伤结果等方面的流行病学差异。方法:采用预先设计的调查问卷,于2020年10月1日至2021年9月30日在甘达基医学院附属教学医院急诊科对动物咬伤病例进行描述性横断面研究。结果:217例动物咬伤病例中,21 ~ 30岁65例(29.95%),男性129例(59.46%),农村120例(55.23%),农民63例(29.03%)。168例(77.42%)为犬咬伤,其中93例(55.35%)为养犬,接种疫苗犬22只。无诱发性127例(58.53%),下肢130例(59.91%)为最常见部位。世界卫生组织(WHO)第二类伤口最常见122例(56.22%)。99例(45.62%)在咬伤后25 ~ 48小时内就诊,清洗伤口后就诊115例(52.99%)。咬伤后10 d内观察动物81只(37.78%),其中5只(6.09%)出现狂犬病症状。结论:动物咬伤在男性中较为常见,来源为自养犬。大多数狗没有接种疫苗,大多数病例在没有采取急救措施的情况下前往医院。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Clinico-epidemiological study on animal bite presenting to a tertiary care hospital in western part of Nepal
Introduction: Animal bite is a common public health problem and dog bites are most common among them in Nepal. Rabies infection is of most significant concern following animal-bites’ injuries. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological variation in terms of demographic variables, type of animal, circumstances of bite, type and site of wound and outcome of the animal bite. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at emergency department of Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre among animal-bite cases from October 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021 using a pre-designed questionnaire. Results: Out of total 217 cases of animal-bite included in the study, 65 (29.95%) were of 21 to 30 years and 129 (59.46%) were males, 120 (55.23%) cases hailed from rural area and 63 (29.03%) were farmers. Most cases 168 (77.42%) were bitten by dog among which 93 (55.35%) were owned dogs and only 22 dogs were vaccinated. A total of 127 (58.53%) were unprovoked and lower limb 130 (59.91%) was the commonest site. World Health Organization (WHO) Category II wound were the most commonly encountered 122 (56.22%). Majority 99 (45.62%) came to hospital within 25 to 48 hours of bite and after cleaning the wound site 115 (52.99%). Only 81 (37.78%) animals were observed for 10 days after the bite out of which 5 (6.09%) developed signs of rabies. Conclusions: Animal bite was common in males and source was owned dogs. Majority of the owned dogs were not vaccinated and most of the cases visited hospital without following first-aid measures.  
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