Common allergens in patients of allergic rhinitis in Gandaki province of Nepal

R. Nepali, Brihaspati Sigdel, T. Dubey, N. Kc, B. Gurung, Pravin Baniya
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Abstract

Introduction: Atopic disorder is very common globally and in Nepal which has affected quality of life resulting into loss of working and school days. Change in lifestyle is one of the important recommendations for fighting back with allergy, which suggests for avoidance of allergens developing allergic rhinitis. The objectives of the study were to find out common allergic conditions in Pokhara, Nepal and to identify the allergens, which induced IgE mediated disorder. Methods: A retrospective study was done among the patients with different allergic disorders who were referred from different specialist clinic attending Pokhara ENT Center at Pokhara from January 2011 to December 2017. The study sample included 1810 patients to find the distribution of various allergic disorders among them. Further, a sample of 430 patients of allergic rhinitis who had undergone skin prick test according to international guidelines were included in order to find out the common allergens among them. Set of allergens included in this study were mites, pollen, fungus, insects, dusts, epithelia-danders, feather & fabric, non-juicy foods, and juicy foods. These nine allergen types further included several allergens. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics using Stata 15.1. The study was done from after taking ethical clearance from the institutional ethical committee of Gandaki medical college. Results: Among various types of allergic diseases, allergic rhinitis accounted for one fourth (23.8%) of the cases. The patients with allergic rhinitis who underwent skin prick test against various allergens were evaluated. Skin prick test positive test result were seen for non-juicy foods (96%), pollens (95%) and then juicy foods (93%). On the contrary, least percentage (13.72%) of people were found positive against feather & fabrics. Radish (7.7%) and snake gourd (6.99%) were only two juicy vegetables against which people were found positive in skin prick test. Among non-juicy foods, tobacco was the commonest allergens which was reported positive in skin prick test of 16% people. Pollen of Zea mays, Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica and Prosopis juliflora were top allergens diagnosed positive among 12.65%, 10.95%, 7.79%, and 7.54% of people respectively. The mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus yielded highest prevalence (69.36%) of positive test. Conclusions: Based upon the findings of our study, allergic rhinitis is one of the most common allergic diseases in Gandaki province, Nepal. Patients of allergic rhinitis should be tested for certain allergens which are locally present and they need to modify lifestyle and avoid allergens which can induce IgE-mediated disorder. Further research is needed to establish causation.  
尼泊尔甘达基省变应性鼻炎患者常见的过敏原
引言:特应性疾病在全球和尼泊尔都很常见,它影响了生活质量,导致失去工作和上学的时间。改变生活方式是对抗过敏的重要建议之一,它建议避免过敏原发展为过敏性鼻炎。本研究的目的是找出尼泊尔博卡拉常见的过敏情况,并确定引起IgE介导的疾病的过敏原。方法:对2011年1月至2017年12月在博克拉耳鼻喉科中心就诊的不同专科门诊转介的不同过敏性疾病患者进行回顾性研究。研究样本包括1810名患者,以了解各种过敏性疾病在他们中的分布。同时选取430例根据国际标准进行皮肤点刺试验的变应性鼻炎患者,找出其中常见的过敏原。本研究的过敏原包括螨虫、花粉、真菌、昆虫、灰尘、上皮皮屑、羽毛和织物、非多汁食物和多汁食物。这九种过敏原类型进一步包括几种过敏原。使用Stata 15.1进行描述性统计分析。这项研究是在获得甘达基医学院机构伦理委员会的伦理许可后进行的。结果:各类变应性疾病中,变应性鼻炎占1 / 4(23.8%)。对变应性鼻炎患者进行不同过敏原的皮肤点刺试验。皮肤点刺试验结果以非多汁食物阳性(96%)、花粉阳性(95%)、多汁食物阳性(93%)居首。相反,最少的人(13.72%)对羽毛和织物呈阳性反应。萝卜(7.7%)和冬瓜(6.99%)是皮肤点刺试验阳性的两种多汁蔬菜。在非多汁食物中,烟草是最常见的过敏原,16%的人皮肤点刺试验呈阳性。玉米、印楝、芒果和豆豆花粉分别以12.65%、10.95%、7.79%和7.54%的人群为最高过敏原。阳性检出率最高的是翼状螨(69.36%)。结论:根据我们的研究结果,变应性鼻炎是尼泊尔甘达基省最常见的过敏性疾病之一。变应性鼻炎患者应该检测局部存在的某些过敏原,他们需要改变生活方式,避免可能诱发ige介导的疾病的过敏原。需要进一步的研究来确定因果关系。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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