Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal最新文献

{"title":"Profile of Hypertensive Retinopathy in a Tertiary Centre in Western Nepal","authors":"Cb Pun, S. Tuladhar","doi":"10.3126/JGMCN.V12I1.22607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JGMCN.V12I1.22607","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present study was done to find out prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy among patients attending in OPD in GMC. \u0000Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was performed among 200 hypertensive patients visiting eye OPD from Dec 2016 to Dec 2017. Detailed eye examination including fundus evaluation under mydriasis was done on all subjects and hypertensive retinopathy was graded according to Keith, Wagner and Barker classification by ophthalmologist using 90 dioptre lens. Patient having diabetes and other retinal diseases were excluded from the study. Data analysis was done using spss software. \u0000Results: The mean age of the patients was 60.58 ±12.26 standard deviation. In our study 56.5% patients had hypertensive retinopathy. Of which 31% had grade I, 19% had grade II, 6% had grade III and 0.5% had grade IV hypertensive retinopathy. The ratio of hypertensive retinopathy among male and female was 1.7:1. \u0000Conclusion: Hypertensive retinopathy is common among hypertensives and males are more prone to retinopathy than females.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133876890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiological Profile and Management of Epistaxis in Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Brihaspati Sigdel, R. Nepali, N. Kc, T. Dubey, B. Neupane, D. Sigdel","doi":"10.3126/JGMCN.V12I1.22603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JGMCN.V12I1.22603","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Epistaxis is a common otolaryngological emergency condition. It occurs due to local and systemic cause. Local cause lies within the nose bleeding either anterior or posterior. Commonest site of bleeding anterior epistaxis is kiesselbach’s plexus. In posterior epistaxis, it is difficult to locate bleeding site. Epistaxis is controlled by simply pinching of nose, decongested nasal drop and abgel packing. Some cases become more challenging required nasal packing and arterial ligation. \u0000Objectives: To study the epidemiological pattern and management of epistaxis. \u0000Methods: This was a retrospective study on pattern of epistaxis man­aged at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital over a period from April 2015 to April 2016. Information regarding demographic profile, presentation and management of epistaxis was obtained from the Hospital records, ENT Outpatient clinic, Emergency Department, ENT ward and operation theatre. \u0000Results: A total of 78 cases were managed during study period. There was a significant male preponderance with male to female ratio 1.78:1. Patients’ age varied from eight to 80 years with mean age 40.7 years. The peak age of incidence was 21 - 30 years group. Idiopathic nasal bleeding 27 (34.6%) was commonest followed by nasal trauma 23 (29.5%) cases and hypertension 16 (20.5%) cases. Seventeen (21.8%) cases managed in day care basis with decongested nasal drop, chemi­cal cautery and abgel packing. Remaining cases required nasal packing and bipolar cautery and other specific form of treatment. Five (6.4%) cases required sphenopalatine artery ligation with no recurrence of bleeding. \u0000Conclusions: Epistaxis is common ENT emergency. Most common causes are idiopathic followed by nasal trauma and hypertension. Prompt management is instituted according to cases. Most of the cas­es are managed by non-surgical method.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121155291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy Outcome in Women Having Oligohydramnios in Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal","authors":"M. Tripathi, T. Gurung, Tm Ghale, B. Gurung, C. Pandit, R. Shrestha, A. Adhikari, K. Sherchan","doi":"10.3126/JGMCN.V12I1.22599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JGMCN.V12I1.22599","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Amniotic fluid index is one of the most commonly used methods of amniotic fluid volume assessment and is a predictor of adverse maternal and perinatal outcome. \u0000Objectives: To compare the maternal and perinatal outcome in women with singleton term pregnancies having amniotic fluid index (AFI) ≤5 cm to those having AFI ≥5 to 20 cm. \u0000Methods: This is a prospective, case-control study which was conducted at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital over a period of one year from July 2017 to July 2018. It included 60 pregnant women at term pregnancy with amniotic fluid index ≤5 cm. The control group included 60 pregnant women at term pregnancy with amniotic fluid index ≥5 cm. The two groups were compared. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi-square test to calculate the P- value. \u0000Results: There was a significantly higher incidence of overall cesarean rates due to fetal distress, low birth weight babies and adverse neonatal outcome like 5 minute Apgar score ≤7, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rates, and meconium aspiration syndrome in the group with oligohydramnios as compared to the group with normal liquor volume. \u0000Conclusion: Oligohydramnios adversely affects the perinatal outcome. However a favorable outcome can be expected by good antenatal and intrapartum surveillance and neonatal care.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125942526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Fingerprint Patterns among Students of Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal","authors":"N. Hirachan, R. Shrestha, S. Koju, D. Limbu","doi":"10.3126/JGMCN.V12I1.22609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JGMCN.V12I1.22609","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fingerprint system of positive identification is based on the principle that the arrangement and distribution of fingerprint re­mains constant and persists throughout life and that the patterns of no two hands resemble each other. \u0000Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 250 students (125 male and 125 female students), aged 17 - 40 years of age, of Gan­daki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal from 15 March to 13 April, 2017 A.D. The fingertip patterns of both hands were collected and identified with the aid of a magnifying glass and documented as: Loops, Whorls, Arches and Composite type. The data were enrolled in SPSS version 16 and analyzed accordingly. \u0000Results: There was a preponderance of loop pattern (52.6%) followed by whorls (39.4%), arches (7.3%) and composite (0.6%). Whorls (41.7%) were more common in males compared to females (37.1%) and females had more arches (9.6%) compared to that of the male counter­parts (5.04%). There was no significant difference in fingerprint pat­terns among male and female students. \u0000Conclusion: The predominance of loops amongst other fingerprint patterns along with no significant gender differences in fingerprint pat­terns can be considered as a valuable research finding in the field of forensic science.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128347169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety and Stress among B.Sc. Nursing First Year Students in a Selected Nursing College at Lekhnath, Pokhara, Nepal","authors":"M. Silwal, R. Gurung, A. Gurung, I. Sah, D. Koirala, S. Ojha","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v12i1.22613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v12i1.22613","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nursing students are important human resources in the field of health. Detection of potential anxiety and stress among nursing students is crucial since anxiety and stress can lead to low productivity, low quality of life, and suicidal ideas. Identifying factors affecting anxiety and stress in initial period of college among nursing students can help nursing educators to find ways to decrease anxiety and stress. \u0000Objectives: To assess the anxiety and stress among B.Sc. nursing first year students in their initial college life. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used for this study. Consecutive sampling technique was used to select the subjects. Total 13 students (100%) were taken as a sample and standardized Beck anxiety scale and modified scale for academic stress was used to collect data. \u0000Results: The study shows that majority of the students, 8 (61.5%) were in the age of 18 years old, follows Hindu religion, 10 (76.9%) belonged to upper caste, 11 (84.6%) stayed in urban area, 7 (53.8%) had no difficulty in this college. Out of 13, 2 (15.4%) students had moderate anxiety and 11 (84.60%) had low level of anxiety with 1.15 ±0.37 whereas 6 (46%) students had mild stress and 7 (54%) had moderate level of stress with 1.53 ±0.51. There were no significant association of anxiety score and stress score with age, ethnicity, residence, feeling difficulties in the college with p < 0.05; 6 (46%). There was low positive correlation between anxiety and academic stress with rp = 0.395. It was found that the cause of anxiety was due to college environment, seniors ragging, difficult subjects, delay session and can be reduced by stopping seniors ragging, providing transportation, starting session on time, counselling, providing lunch in canteen, friendly environment, free hours for library. \u0000Conclusions: Students who are newly taking admission to nursing profession will have mild form of psychological variation. Students are mainly faced with practical and academic stressors and anxiety. Hence the study strongly suggests that, starting session on time, time management, avoid ragging, student counselling are the most important factors to reduce anxiety and academic stress to the newly admitted students.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115412505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fetal Outcome in Pregnancies Complicated with Polyhydraminos: Study Done in Pokhara, Nepal","authors":"S. Gurung, J. Shrestha, A. Shrestha, A. Subedi, M. Gyawali, A. Nagila","doi":"10.3126/JGMCN.V12I1.22610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JGMCN.V12I1.22610","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Amniotic fluid plays an important role in the development of fetus. Any abnormality in the production amniotic fluid may have adverse effect on the fetus and the mother. Polyhydraminos is one of the common complications occurring during pregnancy and complicates around 0.2 - 2% of pregnancies. \u0000Methods: It is a prospective study conducted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal from January 2013 to December 2015. All the pregnant ladies irrespective of gestational age with amniotic fluid index (AFI) 25 cm or more were enrolled for the study. According to the AFI, polyhydraminos was classified as mild (25 – 30 cm), moderate (30.1 - 35 cm) and severe (>35 cm). Fetal outcome, mode of delivery, presence of congenital anomalies, NICU admission and maternal glucose intolerance were recorded. \u0000Results: Out of 8232 deliveries, 24 were diagnosed and admitted with the diagnosis of polyhydraminos. Mild polyhydraminos, 50% (n=12) occurred after 37 weeks of gestation and 12.5% (n=3) had severe polyhydraminos. All pregnant ladies 50% (n=12), beyond 37 weeks gestation had cesarean section, whereas 25% (n=6) had vaginal deliveries. 33.3% (n=8) had preterm labor, 12.5% (n=3) had premature rupture of membrane, 25% (n=6) had congenital anomalies, one IUFD, one case of Rh isoimmunisation and one case of twin pregnancy. NICU admission needed in 20.5% (n=5). Pregnant ladies with impaired glucose intolerance were 8.3% (n=2). \u0000Conclusions: Polyhydraminos is associated with increased incidence of cesarean section, preterm labor, fetal malformation and NICU admission.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125258597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dry Eye among Medical Students of Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal","authors":"S. Tuladhar, B. Poudel, D. Shahi","doi":"10.3126/jgmcn.v12i1.22600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v12i1.22600","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Dry eye disease results from decreased tear production, increased evaporation of tears and inflammation. Medical students of­ten have dry eyes due to use of projectors, computers for study and also due to use of mobiles. \u0000Objective: The present study was undertaken to find out dry eye by Schirmer 1 test with local anesthesia and measurement of wetting of Schirmer test strip. \u0000Methods: Schirmer 1 test with anesthesia was performed on 200 medi­cal students from June 1, 2017 to June 1, 2018 after obtaining informed consent and after applying some exclusion criteria. The test was per­formed by first applying 4% topical lignocaine and then using Whatman filter paper no 41 and wetting of the filter paper measured after five minutes and time noted. \u0000Results: 146 (73%) Among 200 Students, were males and 54 (27%) were females. Mean age of patients was 21.73 ±1.42 years. Mild dry eye was seen in 19.5%, moderate in 13% and severe dry eye in 13.5% of medical students \u0000Conclusion: Dry eye is one of common ocular disease among medical students.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117281054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping and Size Estimation of Key Populations on HIV Surveillance in Nepal","authors":"T. Poudel, Sujaya Gupta, R. Bhattarai, B. Rawal","doi":"10.3126/JGMCN.V12I1.22611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JGMCN.V12I1.22611","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The HIV epidemic in Nepal is mainly concentrated among key populations, including people who inject drugs, gay men and other men who have sex with men, transgender people, female sex workers, and male labor migrants and their spouses. In countries with this type of concentrated HIV epidemic, the size of the key population estimation is important to address the national epidemic. \u0000Objectives: The study has been designed to estimate the district and national level size of key populations at risk of HIV infection and providing a foundation for policy and programing and to guide the national response to address HIV epidemic. \u0000Methods: This is a prospective mapping exercise study done in 44 districts of Nepal. Semi-structured interview were carried out among key populations members as well as non-key population key informants who were familiar with the local situation in and around the high prevalence areas. The study was conducted from August until November 2016. The collected data has been complied on Census and Survey Processing System and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science software package 16 version. \u0000Results: The national estimates of key populations were FSW around 54,207, MSM/MSW/TG around 112,150 of which men having sex with men were 67,292. The PWID individuals range around 34,487. \u0000Conclusion: To fast track the response to achieve global 90-90-90 targets for the continuum of prevention to care, the country is updating its understanding of key population sizes and risk behaviors in different geographical area.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114976193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of the Level of Knowledge Regarding Effects of Alcoholism with Selected Demographic Variables of Rural Adults","authors":"I. Sah","doi":"10.3126/JGMCN.V12I1.22612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JGMCN.V12I1.22612","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alcoholism is the most severe form of alcohol abuse and involves the inability to manage drinking habits. It is also commonly referred to as alcohol use disorder. Alcohol use disorder is organized into three categories: mild, moderate and severe. Each category has various symptoms and can cause harmful side effects. If left untreated, any type of alcohol abuse can spiral out of control. \u0000Objectives: To assess the demographic variables of rural adults, to associate the level of knowledge regarding effects of alcoholism with selected demographic variables of rural adults. \u0000Methods: A Quasi experimental one group pre-test post-test research design was used. The structured interview schedule was developed to collect data. The study was conducted at Challaghatta Village, Bangalore, Karnataka, India and the data collected was analyzed and interpreted based on descriptive and inferential statistics. \u0000Results: The associated pre-test level of knowledge regarding the effects of alcoholism among rural adults with their demographic variables in the study is non significant with the demographic variables at p> 0.05 level. \u0000Conclusion: The present study found that there is no significant association between the demographic variables and level of knowledge among rural adults regarding effects of alcoholism.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133309606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Perspectives on Leishmaniasis","authors":"K. Reddy","doi":"10.3126/JGMCN.V12I1.22598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JGMCN.V12I1.22598","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available.","PeriodicalId":177622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal","volume":"126 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128361148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}