JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM)最新文献

{"title":"Penanganan Nyeri Pascabedah Menggunakan Ketamin Dosis Rendah","authors":"Yosafat F. Hutagalung, Harold F. Tambajong, Mordekhai L. Laihad","doi":"10.35790/jbm.13.2.2021.31801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/jbm.13.2.2021.31801","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Postoperative pain is a pain experienced by a patient after undergoing a surgical procedure. Postoperative pain management is an important aspect of anesthetic care. One of the recommended drugs in the management of postoperative pain is ketamine. Ketamine is a non-competitive NMDA antagonist that has been used as an analgesic for the last 3 decades. The purpose of this study was to determine how postoperative pain management using low doses of ketamine. The research method used in this study is literature review by searching data using three databases, namely Pubmed, ClinicalKey and Google Scholar. The keywords used were postoperative pain AND low dose ketamine. The results of the literature review showed that the use of low-dose ketamine resulted in lower pain scores at 1-12 hours post surgery. Low doses of ketamine also significantly reduced the mean time to administer the first postoperative analgesic and did not cause serious side effects to patients. In conclusion, low-dose ketamine has been shown to be effective in the management of acute postoperative pain by recommending a one-time IV bolus dose with a subanesthetic dose (0.35 mg / kg). The usage of low doses of ketamine causes mild side effects and safe to use for post-surgical analgesics.Key words: postoperative pain, low dose ketamine, pain score, analgesic  Abstrak: Nyeri pascabedah merupakan nyeri yang dialami seorang pasien setelah menjalani prosedur bedah. Penanganan nyeri pascabedah merupakan aspek yang penting dalam perawatan anestesi. Salah satu obat pilihan dalam penanganan nyeri pascabedah adalah ketamin. Ketamin merupakan antagonis NMDA non kompetitif yang telah digunakan sebagai analgesic selama 3 dekade terakhir. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penanganan nyeri pascabedah menggunakan ketamin dosis rendah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah  literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan tiga database yaitu Pubmed, ClinicalKey dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu nyeri pascabedah AND ketamin dosis rendah. Hasil dari penelitian literature review menunjukkan penggunaan ketamin dosis rendah menghasilkan skor nyeri yang lebih rendah pada 1-12 jam pasca bedah. Ketamin dosis rendah juga menurunkan waktu rata-rata pemberian analgesik pasca operasi pertama secara signifikan dan tidak menimbulkan efek samping yang serius kepada pasien. Sebagai simpulan, ketamin dosis rendah terbukti efektif pada penanganan nyeri pascabedah akut dengan rekomendasi dosis bolus IV 1 kali dengan dosis subanestetik (0,35 mg / kg). Penggunaan ketamin dosis rendah menimbulkan efek samping yang ringan dan dapat menghemat pemakaian analgesik pasca bedah.Kata kunci: nyeri pascabedah, ketamin dosis rendah, skor nyeri, analgesik","PeriodicalId":17726,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM)","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73544823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Struktur Genom Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)","authors":"Ren Minggu, J. M. Rumbajan, Grace L. A. Turalaki","doi":"10.35790/jbm.13.2.2021.31996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/jbm.13.2.2021.31996","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The genome sequencing as well as the protein structure and  function of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is known and helps in structurally characterizing viral proteins, determining evolutionary trajectories, identifying interactions with host proteins and providing biological insights. Knowledge of the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 genome is useful as a means of understanding the disease coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). This study aims to determine the genome structure of SARS-CoV-2. This study is a literature review, which was conducted on 23 literatures. This study showed that 23 literatures obtained, as many as in journals suggesting the structure of the genome, there are ORF (open reading frame) / NSP (non-structural protein) and structural protein, namely: S (spike, glycoprotein), E (Envelope), M (Membrane) and N (nucleocapsid) while the remaining 5 literatures do not discuss this structure. The result of this study showed that the genome structure of SARS-CoV-2 consisted of structural proteins, namely; glycoprotein (S), envelope protein (E), membrane protein (M), and nucleocapsid protein (N) and non-structural protein (NSP) encoded by ORF1a and ORF1b via two polyproteins pp1a and pp1b.Keywords: Genome, SARS-CoV-2  Abstrak: Urutan genom serta struktur dan fungsi protein dari severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) telah diketahui dan membantu dalam mengkarakterisasi protein virus secara struktural, menentukan lintasan evolusi, mengidentifikasi interaksi dengan protein inang dan memberikan wawasan biologi. Pengetahuan tentang struktur genom SARS-CoV-2 ini bermanfaat sebagai pengetahuan memahami penyakit coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur genom SARS-CoV-2. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang bersifat literature review, yang dilakukan terhadap 23 literatur yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dari penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 23 literatur yang didapat, sebanyak pada 18 jurnal mengemukakan tentang struktur genom terdapat ORF (open reading frame)/NSP (Non-Struktural Protein) dan protein struktural yaitu : S (lonjakan, glikoprotein), E (Envelope), M (Membran) dan N (Nukleocapsid) sedangkan sisanya terdapat 5 jurnal tidak membahas struktur tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa struktur genom SARS-CoV-2 terdiri atas protein struktural yaitu; glikoprotein (S), protein amplop (E), protein membran (M), dan protein  nuckleokapsid dan protein non-struktural (NSP) yang di kodekan oleh ORF1a dan ORF1b melalui dua poliprotein pp1a dan pp1b.Kata Kunci: Genome, SARS-CoV-2","PeriodicalId":17726,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM)","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77916409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gambaran Mikrobiota Usus dan Konsistensi Tinja pada Bayi Sehat Usia 0-6 Bulan yang Mendapat ASI dan Susu Formula","authors":"Narita T Logor, J. Manoppo, Suryadi N. N. Tatura","doi":"10.35790/jbm.13.2.2021.31782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/jbm.13.2.2021.31782","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The gut microbiota affects the maturation of the immune system, absorption of nutrients and the avoidance of colonization of pathogens, and the stool consistency can reflect the tolerance of gastrointestinal tract and activity in the ecosystem of the colon. The intake of infants in early life affects the gut microbiota and stool consistency, there are differences in the description of the intestinal microbiota and the stool consistency in infants who are given breast milk and infant formula. This study aims to compare the description of gut microbiota and stool consistency in healthy infants aged 0-6 months who are breastfed and infant formula. This study was in the form of a literature review. The literature was taken from three databases, namely Pubmed, Google scholar and pediatric extract. The keywords used were gut microbiota, stool consistency, breast milk and infant formula. After being selected by exclusion inclusion criteria, it was obtained 13 literature. There are 13 literatures examining the description of the gut microbiota and stool consistency in infants who are breastfed, standard infan formula and supplemented infant formula; probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, sn-2 palmitate and protein. In conclusion, breastfed infants have a lower diversity of the gut microbiota in early life and will increase with age, a low diversity indicates a healthy gut characteristic if caused by breastfeeding. The stool consistency in breastfed infant is softer than in infants who receive standard infant formula and supplemental infant formulas.Key words: gut microbiota, stool consistency, breast milk, infant formula  Abstrak: Mikrobiota usus mempengaruhi pematangan system kekebalan, penyerapan nutrisi serta menghindari kolonisasi patogen, dan konsistensi tinja dapat menggambarkan toleransi dari gastrointestinal dan aktivitas di ekosistem usus besar. Asupan bayi diawal kehidupan mempengaruhi mikrobiota usus dan konsistensi tinja, terdapat perbedaan gambaran mikrobiota usus dan konsistensi tinja pada bayi yang diberi Air Susu Ibu (ASI) dan susu formula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan gambaran mikrobiota usus dan konsistensi tinja pada bayi sehat usia 0-6 bulan yang mendapat ASI dan susu formula. Penelitian ini dalam bentuk literature review. Literature diambil dari tiga database yaitu Pubmed, Google scholar dan sari pediatric. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu gut microbiota, stool consistency, breast milk dan infant formula. Setelah diseleksi dengan kriteria inklusi eksklusi, didapatkan 13 literatur. Terdapat 13 literatur yang meneliti gambaran microbiota usus dan konsistensi tinja pada bayi yang mendapat ASI, susu formula standar dan susu formula dengan tambahan ; probiotik, prebiotik, sinbiotik, sn-2 palmitate dan protein. Sebagai simpulan, bayi yang mendapat ASI memiliki keragaman mikrobiota usus yang rendah diawal kehidupan dan kemudian akan meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia, keragaman yang rendah menunjukan ciri usus ","PeriodicalId":17726,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM)","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89329119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Sindroma Syok Dengue pada Demam Berdarah Dengue","authors":"Gerald C. D. Podung, Suryadi N. N. Tatura, Max F. J. Mantik","doi":"10.35790/jbm.13.2.2021.31816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/jbm.13.2.2021.31816","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This study aimed to determine the risk factors and how much they cause Dengue Shock Syndrome (SSD) in children with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. This study is a study using the literature review method. From the 10 articles reviewed, the risk factors identified were as follows: from demographic factors, age > 5 years; male and female; late treatment; and referral patients. Signs and symptoms of patients who are risk factors for SSD, namely secondary infection, duration of fever ≥ 4 days before being admitted to hospital, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, oliguria, pleural effusion, ascites, spontaneous bleeding, flushing measurable. The identified risk factors based on lab tests were hematocrit ≥42%, thrombocytopenia (platelet count <50,000 cells/mm3), increased hematocrit > 20% with platelet levels <50,000 cells/mm3, leucocyte levels <4000 (leukopenia), low fibrinogen levels. (<200 mg / dL) and APTT prolongation. In conclusion, risk factors based on identified demographics are age > 5 years, gender, late treatment and referral patients; factors that are symptoms and signs associated with the incidence of SSD are secondary infection, fever ≥ 4 days before hospitalization, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, oliguria, pleural effusion, spontaneous bleeding, ascites, facial flushing, unmeasured pulse and systolic pressure and unmeasured diastolic; factors based on laboratory results: hematocrit ≥ 42, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, low fibrinogen levels and prolonged APTT.Keywords: Risk Factors, Dengue Shock Syndrome  Abstrak: Tujuan pelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko dan seberapa besar faktor risiko tersebut menyebabkan Sindroma Syok Dengue (SSD) pada anak dengan Demam Berdarah Dengue. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode literature review. Dari 10 artikel yang direview, faktor risiko yang teridentifikasi adalah sebagai berikut: dari faktor demografis, umur > 5 tahun, jenis kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan; keterlambatan berobat; dan pasien rujukan. Tanda dan gejala dari pasien yang merupakan faktor risiko SSD, yaitu infeksi sekunder, lama demam ≥ 4 hari sebelum dirawat di RS, nyeri abdomen, hepatomegali, oliguria, efusi pleura, asites, perdarahan spontan, wajah kemerahan, nadi yang tidak terukur. Faktor risiko berdasarkan pemeriksaan lab yang teridentifikasi adalah hematocrit ≥42%, trombositopenia (kadar trombosit <50.000 sel/mm3), peningkatan hematocrit >20% dengan kadar trombosit <50.000 sel/mm3, kadar leukosit <4000 (leukopenia), level fibrinogen yang rendah (<200 mg/dL) dan pemanjangan APTT. Sebagai simpulan, faktor risiko berdasarkan demografi yang teridentifikasi adalah umur >5 tahun, jenis kelamin, terlambat berobat dan pasien rujukan; faktor yang merupakan gejala dan tanda yang berhubungan dengan kejadian SSD adalah infeksi sekunder, demam ≥ 4 hari sebelum dirawat di RS, nyeri abdomen,hepatomegaly,oliguria,efusi pleura,perdarahan spontan,asites,wajah kemerahan, nadi yang tidak terukur dan tekanan sistoli","PeriodicalId":17726,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM)","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88794532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asupan Energi dan Status Gizi Mahasiswa Saat Pandemi COVID-19","authors":"Chorinne J. E. Rambing, Alexander S. L. Bolang, Shirley E. S. Kawengian, N. Mayulu","doi":"10.35790/jbm.13.2.2021.31776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/jbm.13.2.2021.31776","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused major health problems as well as social and economic instability. Mitigation measures, such as quarantine, work from home, study from home, can affect the food supply chain and cause food and nutrition insecurity in various regions of the world. The research objective was to determine the relationship between energy intake and nutritional status of students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi Manado during the COVID-19 pandemic. An observational analytic study was conducted with a cross-sectional approach which was conducted from September - December 2020 to 105 students who met the sample criteria. Energy intake data were obtained from a 2x24 hour food recall questionnaire with the google spreadsheet application and the survey survey. Nutritional status data based on BMI were obtained via e-questionare with the google form application. Correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman rank test in the SPSS program. The total energy intake of the respondents was 1583.07 ± 408.024 kcal. As many as 8 people had underweight nutritional status, 46 people had normal nutritional status, 20 people had At risk nutritional status, 26 people with obese 1 nutritional status and 5 people with obese 2 nutritional status as many as 5 people. There was no significant relationship (p ≥ 0.05) between energy intake and nutritional status.Keyword: COVID-19, energy intake, nutritional Status.  Abstrak: Pandemi COVID-19 selain telah menyebabkan masalah kesehatan yang besar juga mengakibatkan ketidakstabilan sosial dan ekonomi. Upaya-upaya penanggulannya antar lain seperti karantina, work from home, study from home dapat mempengaruhi rantai pasokan makanan dan menimbulkan situasi ketidakamanan pangan dan gizi di berbagai wilayah di dunia. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan energi dan status gizi mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado saat Pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian analitik observasional dilakukan dengan pendekatan crossectional yang dilaksanakan dari bulan September - Desember 2020 pada 105 mahasiswa yang memenuhi kriteria sampel. Data asupan energi diperoleh dari kuesioner food recall 2x24 jam dengan aplikasi google spreadsheet dam mutrisurvey. Data status gizi berdasarkan IMT diperoleh melalui e-questionare dengan aplikasi google form. Analisis korelasi dilakukan dengan spearman rank test pada program SPSS. Asupan energi total responden yaitu 1583,07 ± 408,024 kkal. Sebanyak 8 orang memiliki status gizi underweight, sebanyak 46 orang status gizi normal, 20 orang status gizi At risk, status gizi obese 1 sebanyak 26 orang dan 5 orang status gizi obese 2 sebanyak 5 orang. Tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan yang bermakna (p ≥ 0,05) antara asupan energi dengan status gizi.Keyword : COVID-19, asupan energi, status gizi.","PeriodicalId":17726,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM)","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79599479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dampak Psikologis Pandemi COVID-19 Pada Mahasiswa","authors":"Raldy A. Ratunuman, Lydia E. V. David, Hendri Opod","doi":"10.35790/jbm.13.2.2021.31836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/jbm.13.2.2021.31836","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: At the beginning of 2020 the world was surprised by the emergence of COVID-19 disease which was subsequently declared a pandemic by WHO in March 2020.  This pandemic caused a global health crisis that impacted everyone.  Campus life has also changed in response to the current pandemic, resulting in an impact on students' psychological condition. Aim: This study aims to find out what are the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on students. This research was conducted in the form of review literature that is to explain and discuss it by taking materials from various available at ClinicalKey and PubMed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eleven literatures were obtained, which from various countries.  The age of the sample is 17-29 years. Female students with total 421,145 (55.7%) students.  The psychological impacts found were anxiety, depression, stress, post-traumatic stress syndrome, and post-traumatic growth.  Female students, volunteers, first year, residence, viral infection, and various other factors are associated with existing psychological symptoms. In conclusion, various psychological impacts experienced by students during the COVID-19 pandemic.  The role of the government for the procurement and optimization of health programs is indispensable.  Parents as expected can provide support.Keywords: psychological impact, COVID-19, university student  Abstrak: Pada awal tahun 2020 dunia dikejutkan dengan munculnya penyakit COVID-19 yang selanjutnya dideklarasikan sebagai pandemi oleh WHO pada bulan Maret 2020.  Pandemi ini menyebabkan krisis kesehatan global yang berdampak pada semua orang.  Kehidupan kampus turut berubah menanggapi pandemi yang sedang terjadi, mengakibatkan dampak pada kondisi psikologis mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa saja dampak psikologis pandemi COVID-19 pada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam bentuk literatur review yaitu memaparkan dan membahasnya dengan mengambil bahan dari berbagai yang tersedia di pangkal data ClinicalKey dan PubMed berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Didapatkan sebanyak sebelas literatur yang sesuai, yang berasal dari berbagai negara.  Usia sampel yaitu, 17-29 tahun. Mahasiswa perempuan sebanyak 421.145 (55.7%).  Dampak psikologis yang ditemukan adalah kecemasan, depresi, stress, sindrom stress pasca trauma, dan pertumbuhan pasca trauma.  Mahasiswa perempuan, relawan, tahun pertama, tempat tinggal, infeksi virus, dan berbagai faktor lain dikaitkan dengan gejala psikologis yang ada.  Sebagai simpulan, Berbagai dampak psikologis yang dialami oleh mahasiswa yang dimasa pandemi COVID-19.  Peran pemerintah untuk pengadaan dan optimalisasi program kesehatan sangat diperlukan.  Orang tua sebagai diharapkan dapat memberikan dukungan.Kata kunci: dampak psikologis, COVID-19, mahasiswa","PeriodicalId":17726,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM)","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82551054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keluhan Muskuloskeletal Akibat Penggunaan Gawai pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Selama Pandemi COVID-19","authors":"Graysela O. Batara, D. V. Doda, Herlina I. S. Wungow","doi":"10.35790/jbm.13.2.2021.31767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/jbm.13.2.2021.31767","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: During the covid-19 pandemic, there was a change in the routine of daily activities, including the increasing use of smartphones. Based on previous research, the use of devices can cause musculoskeletal complaints. This study aims to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints due to the use of devices and to evaluate the relationship between musculoskeletal complaints and the use of smartphones in college students. This study is a cross-sectional study using a demographic questionnaire, modified Nordic Body Map, and Ovako Work Posture Analysis System. Statistical analysis using the Spearman correlation. There were 183 respondents (n=183). Most of the musculoskeletal complaints were in the neck (n=92; 50.3%), shoulders (n=76; 41.5%), upper back (n=63; 34.4%) and lower back (n=63; 34.4%). Most of the pain was categorized as mild pain. The Spearman correlation test showed significant correlations, as follows: between musculoskeletal complaints in the shoulder (p=0.000) and arm (p=0.045) with the duration of learning; between musculoskeletal complaints in the elbow and duration of social media (p=0.027); between musculoskeletal complaints in the upper back (p=0.042) dan low back (p=0.023) with the duration of learning. Most of the risk assessment of musculoskeletal complaints based on body posture when using a smartphone is a medium category that needs improvement.Keywords: musculoskeletal complaints, smartphone, duration, frequency, body posture  Abstrak: Selama masa pandemi covid-19, terjadi perubahan rutinitas aktivitas sehari-hari diantaranya penggunaan telepon cerdas yang meningkat. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya penggunaan gawai dapat menyebabkan keluhan muskuloskseletal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi keluhan muskuloskeletal akibat penggunaan gawai dan mengevaluasi hubungan antara keluhan muskuloskeletal dengan penggunaan telepon cerdas pada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan menggunakan kuesioner demografi, modifikasi Nordic Body Map dan Ovako Work Posture Analysis System. Analisa statistik menggunakan korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menggunakan 183 responden (n=183). Keluhan muskuloskeletal yang sering dirasakan yaitu keluhan pada leher (n=92; 50.3%), bahu (n=76; 41.5%), punggung atas (n=63; 34.4%) dan punggung bawah (n=63; 34.4%). Karakteristik nyeri yang sering dialami yaitu nyeri ringan. Uji korelasi Spearman mendapatkan korelasi bermakna antara: keluhan muskuloskeletal pada bahu (p=0.000) dan lengan (p=0.045) dengan durasi pembelajaran; keluhan muskuloskeletal pada siku dengan durasi media sosial (p=0.027); serta keluhan muskuloskeletal pada punggung atas (p=0.042) dan punggung bawah (p=0.023) dengan durasi pembelajaran. Penilaian risiko keluhan muskuloskeletal berdasarkan postur tubuh saat menggunakan telepon cerdas paling sering di alami yaitu kategori medium yang perlu dilakukan perbaikan postur tubuh.Kata kunci: keluhan muskuloskeletal, telepon cerda","PeriodicalId":17726,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM)","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84500878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tatalaksana Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Pada Pasien Dewasa Dengan Steroid","authors":"Jessica N. Masikome, Mordekhai L. Laihad, D. Lalenoh","doi":"10.35790/jbm.13.1.2021.31797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/jbm.13.1.2021.31797","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema caused by several risk factors and is an emergency case. ARDS characterized by acute intervals, alveolar edema, acute hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance and multi-organ dysfunction or decreased organ function. ARDS often treated in an intensive care unit along with underlying factors. Although many medical treatments ineffective in treating ARDS, corticosteroids can reduce fluid in the alveolar capillaries and the attachment of neutrophils to endothelial capillaries. Aim of this study was to look at indicators of ARDS with steroids looking at the mortality rate, ventilator-free days, and length of stay for ARDS with steroids. Search data using three databases, namely Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Google Scholar. Ten literatures met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Consisted of one retrospective observational study, one analytical retrospective study, three randomized control trials and five cohort studies. Total sample in 10 literatures was 1633 people for the steroid therapy group and 1303 for the control group. Result of a literature review study showed that steroids had less impact on reducing mortality in ARDS patients, steroids had an effect on increasing the number of ventilator-free days and steroids did not have an impact on increasing length of stay.Keywords: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Steroid Abstrak: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) merupakan edema pulmoner non-kardiogenik yang disebabkan beberapa faktor risiko dan merupakan kasus kegawatdaruratan. Karakteristik ARDS terjadi dalam selang waktu pendek atau akut, edema alveolar, hipoksemia akut, penurunan komplians paru serta multiple organ disfunction atau penurunan fungsi organ. ARDS sering dirawat dalam ruang rawat intensif beserta faktor-faktor yang mendasari. Meskipun banyak sekali pengobatan medikamentosa yang tidak efektif dalam pengobatan ARDS, namun kortikosteroid mampu mengurangi tembusnya cairan pada membran kapiler alveolar dan perlekatan neutrofil pada kapiler endotel. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah mengetahui tatalaksana ARDS dengan steroid dengan melihat angka mortalitas, ventilator free days, dan length of stay dari tatalaksana ARDS dengan steroid. Pencarian data menggunakan tiga database yaitu Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Google Scholar. Sepuluh literature yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Terdiri dari satu penelitian retrospective observational, satu penelitian retrospective analysis, tiga penelitian randomized control trial dan lima penelitian cohort study. Jumlah sampel penelitian pada 10 literature tersebut adalah 1633 orang untuk grup terapi steroid dan 1303 untuk grup kontrol. Hasil penelitian literature review menunjukkan steroid kurang memberi dampak dalam mengurangi angka mortalitas pada pasien ARDS, steroid memberi dampak dalam peningkatan angka ventilator free days dan steroid tidak memiliki dampak yang bermakna pada peningkatan length of stay.","PeriodicalId":17726,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM)","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77460787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hubungan Gambaran CT Scan Toraks Dan Manifestasi Klinis Pada Pasien Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","authors":"Lydia Paat, Yovana P. M. Mamesah, Alfa G. E. Y. Rondo","doi":"10.35790/jbm.13.1.2021.31768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/jbm.13.1.2021.31768","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: World Health Organization has assigned COVID-19 as a pandemic. It has been reported that pulmonary abnormalities are found in asymptomatic cases. In addition, several studies have reported normal CT images in symptomatic patients. Currently, research that discusses the relationship of the image of chest CT scan and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 hasn’t been done much. The aim of the study was to know the relationship between the image of chest CT scan and clinical manifestations in COVID-19 patients. This research is a literature review by searching data using three databases namely PubMed, Science Direct and RSNA. The keywords used are COVID-19 AND chest CT AND clinical manifestations. After being selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were 11 literatures consisting of 10 retrospective studies and 1 retrospective case series report. Bilateral ground glass opacity, distributed peripherally, and distributed in peripheral, appearing in the lower lobe of the lungs are the common abnormalities images in COVID-19 patients. In severe-critical cases of COVID-19, consolidation, distributed centrally and peripherally, and occurred throughout the lung lobes were significantly more common than in moderate cases of COVID-19. In addition, the total severity score and the total lesion volume increased according to the clinical classification of COVID-19. There is a significant relationship between the image of chest CT scan and clinical manifestations based on the number of lobes, distribution, presence of consolidation, total severity score, and lesion volume.Keywords: coronavirus disease 2019, chest, computed tomography  Abstrak: World Health Organization (WHO) telah menetapkan COVID-19 sebagai suatu pandemi. Telah dilaporkan bahwa ditemukan suatu kelainan paru pada kasus asimptomatik. Selain itu, beberapa penelitian juga melaporkan adanya gambaran CT normal pada pasien bergejala. Saat ini, penelitian yang membahas hubungan gambaran CT scan toraks dan manifestasi klinis COVID-19 belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan gambaran CT toraks dan manifestasi klinis pada pasien COVID-19. Penelitian ini berbentuk literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan tiga database yaitu PubMed, Science Direct, dan RSNA. Kata kunci yang digunakan adalah COVID-19 AND chest CT AND clinical manifestations. Setelah diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, didapatkan 11 literatur terdiri dari 10 retrospective study dan 1 retrospective case series report. Ground glass opacity bilateral, multilobus, terdistribusi di perifer, dan terjadi di lobus bawah paru merupakan gambaran abnormal yang umum didapat pada pasien COVID-19. Pada kasus berat-kritis COVID-19, gambaran konsolidasi, lesi yang terdistribusi sentral dan perifer, dan terjadi di seluruh lobus paru secara signifikan lebih sering terjadi daripada kasus moderat COVID-19. Selain itu, total severity score dan total volume lesi meningkat seiring","PeriodicalId":17726,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM)","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73109191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pendidikan Kedokteran di Masa Pandemi COVID-19 Dampak Pembelajaran Daring Bagi Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Angkatan 2017 Unsrat","authors":"Vikny W. K. Rondonuwu, Yanti M. Mewo, Herlina I. S. Wungow","doi":"10.35790/jbm.13.1.2021.31764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35790/jbm.13.1.2021.31764","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The world is currently heralded with a new outbreak, namely Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19).  In this situation, this online learning system is the right applied to be used in students of the Faculty of Medicine.  This study aimed to find out what impacts have the students of the Faculty of Medicine Batch of 2017 Sam Ratulangi Manado University in the application of online learning methods during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a qualitative method using the design of observation research and in-depth interviews conducted on 10 students of the Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University obtained through purposive sampling techniques.  As a results, online learning is always dependent on internet connectivity, if there is problem with the internet connectivity it will have a considerable impact so that students can not attend lectures properly, in addition to the tools and supporting materials in the lab skill module is inadequate, and it is found that students do not have the readiness of psychology and devices in running online learning.  In conclusion, online learning has a quite complex impact on the learning process that occurs in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University.Keywords: medical education, Covid-19 pandemic, online learning.  Abstrak: Dunia saat ini digemparkan dengan wabah yang baru, yaitu Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19).  Pada situasi ini, sistem pembelajaran daring merupakan terapan yang tepat digunakan termasuk pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran.  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apa saja dampak yang dimiliki Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Angkatan 2017 Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado dalam penerapan metode pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi Covid-19.  Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan rancangan penelitian observasi dan wawancara mendalam yang dilakukan pada 10 mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi yang diperoleh melalui teknik purposive sampling.  Hasil yang didapat, pembelajaran daring ini selalu bergantung pada konektivitas internet, jika konektivitas internet ini bermasalah maka akan memberikan dampak yang cukup besar sehingga mahasiswa tidak bisa mengikuti kuliah dengan baik, selain itu untuk alat dan bahan penunjang dalam modul skill lab tidak memadai, serta didapati mahasiswa tidak memiliki kesiapan psikologi dan device dalam hal mempersiapkan pembelajaran daring.  Sebagai simpulan, pembelajaran daring memberikan dampak yang cukup kompleks dalam proses pembelajaran yang terjadi pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi.Kata Kunci: pendidikan kedokteran, pandemi Covid-19, pembelajaran daring","PeriodicalId":17726,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM)","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81285289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}