Global Ecology and Biogeography最新文献

{"title":"Temperature Predicts Relative Mass but Not Size in Passerines","authors":"Charlotte M. Probst,&nbsp;Jacob S. Berv,&nbsp;Zhizhuo Zhou,&nbsp;Mingyu Zhang,&nbsp;Tiffany Dias,&nbsp;Karen Alofs,&nbsp;David F. Fouhey,&nbsp;Brian C. Weeks","doi":"10.1111/geb.70272","DOIUrl":"10.1111/geb.70272","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Predictable relationships between temperature and animal size and shape are the basis for classic rules in macroecology. Body size is thought to covary negatively with temperature (Bergmann's Rule), broadly attributed to thermoregulatory demand for larger size in colder climates. However, ecophysiological principles suggest that changes in insulative materials may be a more effective thermoregulatory adaptation than changes in overall skeletal size. We test for global gradients in mass relative to skeletal size (a proxy for insulation) and body size.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aves: Passeriformes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Combining a dataset of mass and skeletal traits for 1958 passerine species, we use Bayesian phylogenetic comparative analyses to test the extent to which temperature predicts skeletal size and relative mass.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Across species, we find no evidence that temperature predicts skeletal size; rather, the effects associated with phylogeny account for nearly all of the variation in size. In contrast, we find a global gradient in mass relative to skeletal size, with species in colder climates having more mass than expected given their skeletal size. For 24 species, we assess these relationships within species and find that relative mass has declined through time but is not predicted by temperature.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mass relative to skeletal size is expected to exert a significant effect on insulation and energy stores, and we find it is more labile than skeletal size across species. Our results suggest: (1) species in colder climates tend to have greater insulation (as indicated by their higher relative mass); (2) skeletal size in passerines does not strongly adhere to Bergmann's Rule, suggesting spatial temperature-size relationships may be unlikely to predict temporal responses of size to climate change in this group; and (3) declines in relative mass may be a widespread cryptic response to global change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148299476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrete Isolation and Continuous Area Drive Genetic Divergence Across Mediterranean Islands","authors":"Leonardo Dapporto,&nbsp;Claudia Bruschini,&nbsp;Adele Bordoni,&nbsp;Alessandro Cini,&nbsp;Vlad Dincă,&nbsp;Luca Di Nuzzo,&nbsp;Alessio Iannucci,&nbsp;Mattia Menchetti,&nbsp;Lorenzo Pasquali,&nbsp;Vania Salvati,&nbsp;Loukia Spilani,&nbsp;Gerard Talavera,&nbsp;Chiara Vergata,&nbsp;Raluca Vodă,&nbsp;Sara Fratini,&nbsp;Roger Vila","doi":"10.1111/geb.70263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70263","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Comparison between islands and equivalent mainland areas to dissect the effect of area, isolation and species traits in determining island genetic endemicity and genetic differentiation.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The Western Mediterranean region.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Current.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We analysed 10,367 COI sequences from 105 species, 34 islands and 47 sea straits, along with four functional species traits. We compared determinants of genetic diversity (nucleotide diversity, &lt;i&gt;NucDiv&lt;/i&gt;), endemic mutations (EM) and the &lt;i&gt;Dst&lt;/i&gt; fixation index between island populations and similarly sized mainland populations (Continental Area Equivalents, CAEs). Generalised linear mixed models tested fixed effects and interactions of island characteristics and species traits. We also evaluated whether population-level effects (individual species increasing differentiation with island size and isolation) or community-level effects (larger, less isolated islands hosting more genetically divergent species) better explain observed island patterns.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;CAEs and islands exhibited highly distinct genetic signatures. &lt;i&gt;NucDiv&lt;/i&gt; was higher in CAEs while &lt;i&gt;Dst&lt;/i&gt; was higher across sea straits than between land areas separating CAEs, particularly for larger islands and non-migratory species. EM increased with island area, especially in non-migratory and small species. Island communities were significantly nested. Widespread species also showed lower genetic variation, thus producing a strong community-level effect. The population-level effects showed a weaker effect. Counterintuitively, increasing isolation did not increase divergence, as both processes tended to reduce genetic differentiation in more isolated islands.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Comparing islands with CAEs reveals that even narrow sea barriers of a few kilometres greatly reduce gene flow in non-migratory butterflies, increasing genetic differentiation to a greater extent than similar mainland distances. After contro","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projected Impacts of Climate Change on Interactions Between Plants and Avian Frugivores Across the Americas","authors":"Alexandre J. C. Rabeau,&nbsp;Alex L. Pigot,&nbsp;Joseph A. Tobias,&nbsp;Matthias Schleuning","doi":"10.1111/geb.70271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70271","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Frugivorous birds provide crucial seed-dispersal functions in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the impact of climate change on plant–avian frugivore interactions remains unclear due to past methodological limitations. In this study, we address this by mapping these interactions across the Americas and projecting shifts in interaction diversity under future climate scenarios.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;North, South, and Central America.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Present (1980–2010) and future (2070–2100).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Frugivorous birds and fleshy-fruited plants.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Using a trait-matching framework, we estimated interaction probabilities between frugivorous birds (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 539 species) and fleshy-fruited plants (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3280 species) at the ecoregion level. To estimate climate impacts, we modeled how interaction probabilities will change under future scenarios based on the overlap between avian climate niches and ecoregion climates. From these probabilities, we calculated plant–frugivore interaction diversity as the effective number of avian partners for a given plant species in an ecoregion. We then used simulations to examine how avian dietary flexibility and dispersal may buffer future diversity of plant–frugivore interactions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Under future climate scenarios, our models projected a decline in interaction diversity across most ecoregions, especially in tropical and subtropical biomes. Simulations indicated that interaction rewiring through dietary flexibility and dispersal could partially mitigate losses of interaction diversity, particularly in tropical forests.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our results suggest that the diversity of plant–frugivore interactions in the Americas will decline in response to climate change, potentially undermining the stability of seed-dispersal functions. We also show that the resilience of this function depends on the capacity of frugivorous birds to modify their geographic ranges or dietary preferences. However, the extent to which avian dispersal and adaptation will regulate fut","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70271","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Diversity Estimates Need to Acknowledge Species–Area Relationships","authors":"S. Faurby,&nbsp;T. J. Matthews,&nbsp;D. Silvestro","doi":"10.1111/geb.70267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70267","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Many studies have tried to estimate the number of undescribed species based on the known diversity. These estimates often rely on extrapolation based on data from a limited number of species. Although statistical methods provide accurate inference when generalizing from a random sample, their predictions will be biased when based on a non-random sample unless the sampling process is explicitly accounted for.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, we argue that this is a fundamental issue in many estimates of unrecorded biodiversity. We show that the sample of species used in biodiversity extrapolation represents disproportionately common and abundant taxa, which leads to an overestimation of extrapolated diversity. We discuss this issue in the context of three specific cases: estimates of plant-associated insect diversity, estimates of parasite diversity and estimates of cryptic species diversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For the example of plant-associated insects, we provide an estimate of the magnitude of the error, but insufficient data are currently available to estimate the magnitude of the problem for the other examples. Our findings cast doubt over previous attempts to estimate the number of undescribed species, suggesting that they provide consistent overestimations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predation, Climate and Species Traits Interact to Shape Global Patterns of Avian Nest Architecture","authors":"Stephanie Y. Chia,&nbsp;Yu Tsai-Chen,&nbsp;Yi-Ru Cheng,&nbsp;Mao-Ning Tuanmu,&nbsp;William F. Fagan","doi":"10.1111/geb.70265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70265","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bird nest structures are critical for reproductive success and vary widely across species. However, the ecological and evolutionary drivers behind enclosed nests (domes and cavities) remain unclear, with previous studies yielding conflicting results. Leveraging recently available comprehensive nest trait data, we aim to clarify whether enclosed nests primarily function as protection from predation or for regulation of microclimate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Contemporary (environmental data from 1981 to 2010).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Birds (Aves).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using phylogenetic logistic regression models for 7427 bird species, we examined whether the observed relationships between nest structure and potential environmental drivers and species traits were consistent with the predictions of the two functional hypotheses. To explore potential variations in the function, we built separate models for domes and cavities, as well as for passerines and non-passerines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Predation risk increases the likelihood of dome use, especially in passerines, where a stronger increase is among the species that are more susceptible to nest predation such as ground-nesting, non-cooperative and larger clutch size species. Climatic effects are more pronounced in cavity nesters, with aridity promoting cavity use among passerines, and both cold and hot temperatures increasing cavity use among small non-passerine species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Different types of enclosed nests correspond to distinct environmental challenges, with dome nests primarily associated with predation pressure and cavities with adverse climatic conditions. These findings contribute to resolving long-standing debates about the functional significance of enclosed nests and offer insights into the evolution of avian nest structures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mismatch Between Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Diversity Hotspots in Freshwater Fish Reveals Critical Conservation Gaps","authors":"Tingqi Du,&nbsp;Juan Tao,&nbsp;Jie Wang,&nbsp;Bangli Tang,&nbsp;Dekui He,&nbsp;Liuyong Ding,&nbsp;Wenna Lv,&nbsp;Liu Liu,&nbsp;Jianshuang Tao,&nbsp;Chengzhi Ding","doi":"10.1111/geb.70268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70268","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Phylogenetic diversity (PD) and phylogenetic endemism (PE) offer biogeographical and conservation insights beyond taxonomic approaches, yet their environmental associations in freshwater ecosystems remain unclear. Using freshwater fish, we mapped PD and PE patterns, identified their environmental correlates, and compared them with taxonomic metrics (species richness [SR], weighted endemism [WE]), while assessing conservation gaps.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Location:&lt;/b&gt; Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and surrounding regions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Time period:&lt;/b&gt; Mid-Pliocene to present.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Major taxa studied:&lt;/b&gt; Schizothoracine fishes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We compiled species distribution and reconstructed a molecular-based phylogeny. PD, PE, SR, and WE were quantified at the subdrainage scale. Phylogenetic hotspots were categorised as ‘cradles’ (neo-endemism) or ‘museums’ (paleo-endemism). Linear mixed-effects models evaluated environmental correlates (climate, hydrology, topography, and geology). Hotspot overlap with protected areas was assessed.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Subdrainages exhibiting high values for both phylogenetic and taxonomic metrics were predominantly distributed along the southern margin of the QTP, particularly in the Hindu Kush–Himalaya–Hengduan mountains, yet showed substantial spatial incongruence between metrics (SR vs. PD: &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.67, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001; WE vs. PE: &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.29, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Both hotspot types were concentrated in these high-value subdrainages, covering 13.36% (phylogenetic) and 11.96% (taxonomic) of the study area, with limited spatial overlap (Jaccard index = 0.18). Notably, 65.89% of ‘cradles’ and ‘museums’ exhibited co-occurrence. Although most environmental factors, dominated by temperatures (annual mean and seasonality), showed generally consistent associations with both phylogenetic and taxonomic metrics, their contributions varied considerably. Conservation coverage remained inadequate for both hotspots (phylogenetic: 27.43%; taxonomic: 31.89%).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We highlight substantial incongruence between phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity patterns and their environmental correlates in freshwater fishes. Our drainage-scale framework provides a template for analyzing freshwater phylogenetic diversity metrics, complementing taxonomic diversity in conservation planning, as protecting both is essential for maintaining ecosystem adaptive capacity under anthropogenic pressures.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"27 Years of Freshwater Fish and Invertebrate Assemblage Data in the United States","authors":"Michael B. Mahon,&nbsp;Devin K. Jones,&nbsp;Ryan A. Hill,&nbsp;Terry N. Brown,&nbsp;Ethan A. Brown,&nbsp;Stefan Kunz,&nbsp;Samantha L. Rumschlag","doi":"10.1111/geb.70269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70269","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Motivation&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;United States federal biomonitoring programs assess the status of freshwater ecosystems using standardised sampling protocols. While most data from these efforts are publicly available, new users face barriers in applying these data appropriately. Here, we introduce unified assemblage databases for fish and macroinvertebrates in rivers and streams from US federal biomonitoring. These are one of the largest single-source assemblage databases for freshwater considering spatial and temporal extent. This effort is invaluable for addressing questions regarding temporal and spatial biodiversity patterns. A static version of the data is available. The data can also be compiled via an R package, finsyncR, which offers flexibility in acquiring and integrating these data according to user needs.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Types of Variables Included&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The data are fish occurrences and standardised abundances and macroinvertebrate occurrences and densities from US rivers and streams. Metadata describe sampling methodology and locations. Sampling locations can be linked to environmental datasets via coordinates or National Hydrography Dataset Plus V2 Common Identifiers (COMIDs).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Spatial Location and Grain&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The data cover the rivers and streams in the contiguous United States, specifically 8097 unique sampling locations (4772 for fish; 7785 for macroinvertebrates) and includes 12,479 sampling events (7316 for fish; 11,708 for macroinvertebrates). Each sampling location is a georeferenced stream or river location with an associated study reach, which is a defined channel segment that serves as the spatial grain of sampling. Intending to represent all U.S. rivers and streams, 54% of sampling locations were selected using a spatially balanced, probabilistic design.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period and Grain&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The data span 27 years from 1993 to 2019. Sampling events are associated with a single sampling date and single taxa (e.g., fish or macroinvertebrates). Most sites have only been sampled in a single year (72%), although some are resampled across years (28%; range: 2–21 years of sampling).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa and Level of Measurement&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The data are fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages. Fish are mostly identified to species, and macroinvertebrates are mostly identified to genus. Sampled organisms represent 685 fish species from 167 genera from 55 families from 26 orders and 1036 macroinvertebrate genera from 218 families from 45 or","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Bergmann and Allen: A Unified Framework for Thermoregulatory Morphology","authors":"Aaron A. Skinner","doi":"10.1111/geb.70260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70260","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Context</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ecogeographical rules such as Bergmann's and Allen's have long guided expectations about how organismal size and shape vary across temperature gradients. Yet these rules are typically tested independently despite sharing a common thermoregulatory basis. I synthesised recent empirical literature to evaluate how often Bergmann's and Allen's rules are analysed jointly and assess what is lost when size and shape are studied in isolation. A review of 86 studies published since 2021 reveals that less than half examine both rules together, and far fewer test for co-dependence between them.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Linking Size and Shape</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Isolated rule testing obscures several processes structuring thermoregulatory adaptation. These processes can generally be thought of as interactions—where temperature effects on one trait (size or shape) depend on the state of another, producing context-dependent or even inverse clines. One important class of interactions can be described broadly as trait × ‘strength of constraint’ interactions, providing a common conceptual foundation for the theories of trade-offs and complementarity. Both theories propose that stronger adherence to Bergmann's rule is linked with weaker adherence to Allen's rule, and vice versa, and that functional constraints are likely an important determinant in partitioning morphological change across size-shape axes. I argue that trade-offs are a boundary case of complementarity, rather than representing categorically different phenomena.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Thermo-Morpho Framework</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>I propose a Thermo-Morpho framework that treats size and shape as complementary axes of thermoregulatory adaptation, explicitly linking ecogeographical rules to their shared biophysical basis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Beyond Morphology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These same principles extend to physiology, coloration, phenology, and behaviour, which frequently interact with morphology to shape thermoregulation. Focusing narrowly on single traits risks mischaracterising adaptive pathways and underestimating organismal flexibility under climate change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We must move beyond single-rule analyses toward integrative tests of organismal response to climatic warming.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin Resistance to Dehydration: A Theory-Informed Trait Gradient in Anurans","authors":"Sidney F. Gouveia,&nbsp;Pablo A. Martinez,&nbsp;Juan G. Rubalcaba","doi":"10.1111/geb.70262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70262","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anurans' sensitivity to hydric stress has driven adaptive changes in multiple traits, potentially displaying geographical clines, as is the case with body size. A longstanding body of research suggests that skin resistance to water loss may also vary geographically in response to water loss. We build upon biophysical first principles to test for the existence of this yet elusive global-level cline in skin resistance to dehydration that alternates with body size across the aridity gradient.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Worldwide.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Amphibian anurans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We combined mechanistic biophysical modelling with a phylogenetic comparative approach within a model-selection framework. We estimated species' sensitivity to variations in body mass and resistance to dehydration using biophysical equations for species worldwide. We then integrated these sensitivities into a weighted phylogenetic comparative approach with model selection to test the effect of the aridity index on trait variation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We provide the first evidence of a global-level geographic gradient in skin resistance. Skin resistance varies with aridity gradients and alternates with body size along this gradient, as predicted by theory. These clines interact with microhabitat use, with clines in skin resistance predominating in ground-dwelling species with low skin resistance. In contrast, body size variation is more pronounced in arboreal, small-bodied species with higher skin resistance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings highlight how multiple functional traits can follow distinct adaptive routes under shared environmental pressures, thereby accounting for the lack of universality of ecogeographical rules. This study underscores the value of mechanistic models in generating and testing hypotheses about trait evolution and ecogeographical rules.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.70262","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Meta-Analysis Reveals That Pollution Strongly Inhibits Seed-Based Regeneration of Wild Plants","authors":"Qing-Qing Xu,&nbsp;Si-Chong Chen","doi":"10.1111/geb.70264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70264","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Anthropogenic pollution is a pervasive driver of global change, yet its ecological impacts on wild plants remain relatively less synthesised, particularly for their regeneration. Quantifying how pollution, such as heavy metals, threatens seed-to-seedling transitions in wild plants is essential for understanding species persistence, community resilience, and vegetation dynamics under accelerating environmental pressures. However, the quantitative impacts of pollution on wild plant regeneration remain poorly understood at a broad scale.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Global.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;1990 to 2024.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Wild plants.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We conduct a global meta-analysis of 4476 experiments from 107 publications to quantify the effects of pollution on the earliest life stages of 162 wild plant species.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Pollution significantly inhibits wild plant seed-based regeneration by an average of one-third. Specifically, pollution reduces seed germination by 33%, prolongs germination speed by 29%, and suppresses seedling growth by 42%. Pollution also disproportionately suppresses below-ground growth of seedlings, altering root-to-shoot biomass allocation by 27%. While these inhibitory impacts are qualitatively consistent across species and pollutant types, pollutant type and concentration are more important quantitative predictors of these impacts than plant characteristics such as growth form and seed mass. Heavy metals exhibit a dual, concentration-dependent effect, with low concentrations (&lt; 0.05 mg/L on average) facilitating regeneration and high concentrations severely impairing it.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;These findings suggest pollution acts as a powerful “regeneration filter”, favouring pollution-tolerant, often invasive, “winner” species over sensitive native “losers”, thereby reshaping community assembly and exacerbating biotic homogenisation. By quantifying this severe ecological bottleneck, our study provides quantitative evidence that pollution poses a pervasive threat to biodiversity, with impacts on a critical life stage rivalling other major drivers of global change. These findings underscore the urgent need to integrate pollution mitigation into co","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}