Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review最新文献

{"title":"Ethics in Science, Technology and Innovation: Proposed regulation","authors":"António A. N. De Alcochete","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Within the scope of the responsibility of promoting policies and legislation in the field of Science, Technology and Innovation (CTI) and the materialization of its Action Plan of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESCTI), a proposal for a General Code is presented of Ethics in Science, Technology and Innovation (CGECTI). This proposal arises from the need to fill gaps in the legislation on ethics in science and technology and was created with a view to presenting the general principles of ethics in carrying out Scientific Research and Experimental Development, Technology Transfer and Innovation activities; to promote the monitoring of the application of ethical principles internationally established and applicable to the exercise of scientific research, in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic, International Conventions, National Policy on Science, Technology and Innovation, the Statute of the Career of Scientific Investigators in force and other applicable legislation; and contribute to the scientific affirmation of Angola in the context of nations. Likewise, the aforementioned code proposal should consider principles and elements such as transversality, compatibility, definitions, supervision, honesty, integrity, training and skills and security. The preparation of this code proposal was based on some bibliographic sources produced by UNESCO, OECD, the Republic of Mozambique and Higher Education Institutions. The proposal comprises seven chapters divided by object, scope and purpose; ethical principles; national ethics commission; scientific area ethical council; duties and rights; sanctions; and final provisions. The proposal highlights the creation of a plural national commission, involving sectors of the state, the private sector, academic and scientific institutions, professional associations and civil society, as well as the formation of ethics committees by scientific area. This proposal should be submitted to the actors of the National System of Science, Technology and Innovation for contributions.","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123044628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Freedom, Principles and Responsibilities in Research","authors":"F. Hellmann","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"In this presentation, I address the relationship between the concepts of freedom, principles and responsibility in research and the need to think about the relationship between these three concepts in a social context. Freedom is related to the ability of researchers to develop their research autonomously, choosing their study topics without censorship or coercion. However, such freedom must be problematized its limits, such as, for example, considering respect for human rights. Individual freedom, therefore, has legal and ethical limits, as well as being thought of in terms of collective well-being and the public interest. With regard to the principles, those inherent to the scientific method and those of ethics in research are highlighted. The principles inherent to the scientific method, such as reason and non-contradiction, must be considered in addition to those intrinsic to the specificities of each area of ​​knowledge. Likewise, research ethics presents some principles, among them respect for people, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice, as foreseen in North American principialist bioethics. However, these principles can be considered limited in certain social contexts. Therefore, the Universal Declaration of Bioethics and Human Rights (UBDH) presents at least thirteen principles that can complement the logic of thinking about principles in scientific research in a social context. In turn, responsibility mentions the researcher's obligations in relation to the research carried out. It is the researcher's duty to ensure scientific integrity, not incurring in acts such as plagiarism, falsification or data fabrication. or inventing data, as well as issues related to authorship criteria, following ethical and legal precepts, communicating study results, as well as having social responsibility. It is important to think about the values ​​attached to research and scientific publication today. Does the value of productivity or responsibility prevail? In times of exponential growth of scientific studies and increasing social inequalities, it is fundamental to think about the concepts of freedom, principles and responsibility in the social context research.","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117217346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data protection and personal data protection","authors":"C. Gama","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"In Angola, the right to privacy is one of the fundamental rights enshrined in the  Constitution of the Republic. In addition to the Constitution, the legal framework on the protection of personal data is complemented by other laws, with regard to the Personal Data Protection Law, No. 22/11 of 17 June, which establishes legal rules for the processing of such data and establishes Data Protection (DPA), as the public authority responsible for monitoring compliance with those rules and exercising. The unequivocal and express consent of the data subject or his legal representative and prior notification to the APD are the general requirements for the processing of personal data, without prejudice to the principles and other specific requirements applicable to sensitive data. Only health professionals registered in the respective professional associations are qualified to process health data, and must observe professional secrecy. Data holders are assured the exercise of their rights to information, access, rectification, updating and deletion of their data. Security measures must be implemented to ensure confidentiality, integrity and availability of information. In conclusion, in Angola there is no prohibition on the processing of personal data, what the legislator imposes is that it be done with transparency and legality, aiming at protecting its holders from situations of vulnerability, including stigmatization, discrimination, observing dignity of the human person as one of the fundamental principles of ethics, especially in scientific research.","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"63 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123307477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical Planning in Conducting a Research Project","authors":"Cláudio Lorenzo","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Countries that still do not have a national normative document on research ethics, like most African and Latin American countries, have taken the Declaration of Helsinki as a reference for ethical guidance to researchers and members of ethics committees. However, the literature has shown that the latest revisions of this declaration have tended to favor the interests of central countries and their industries, mainly through the more flexible acceptance of greater risks and smaller benefits. Even when there are norms adequate to the reality of each country, the ethical planning of a research goes far beyond the simple bureaucratic fulfillment of the norms that guide the presentation of a protocol and a consent term to a research ethics committee. It presupposes an in-depth reflection on the methodological procedures themselves that will involve the participants and on the ways in which they interact with the socioeconomic and cultural contexts of these participants' daily lives. In developing countries, consideration of social vulnerability, especially with regard to poverty and low levels of education, is a central element in this planning. I intend to discuss this planning taking the three classic axes of research subject protection: obtaining consent, minimizing risks and maximizing benefits in their relationship with contexts of social vulnerability in three modalities of health research: those that handle information from identifiable subjects, such as clinical protocols; those using interviews and questionnaires; and clinical trials for new drugs.","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130878546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of creatine for muscle hypertrophy in resistance training practitioners: a narrative review","authors":"Francisco Fábio Félix Macêdo, Francisco Rafael Oliveira Da Silva","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.2.31-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.2.31-35","url":null,"abstract":"Creatine is a natural substance found in muscles that has gained popularity among physical activity practitioners, especially bodybuilders, due to its various benefits, including improved muscle tone, increased strength, optimized recovery, and muscle mass gain. The most common form of creatine is monohydrate, which is cost-effective and efficacious. However, the unguided use of supplements, including α-methyl guanidinoacetic acid, which has possible pharmacological, nutritional, and physiological effects on fast muscle energy and muscle hypertrophy, is common among exercise practitioners. On the other hand, creatine, also a widely used ergogenic, is capable of rapidly renewing muscular energy and increasing strength and total lean body mass. However, the use of dietary supplements such as creatine should be done with caution and accompanied by a specialized professional capable of establishing parameters that best meet the individual needs of each athlete or individual seeking muscle hypertrophy. It is essential to discuss the factors associated with the development of lean muscle mass, including creatine supplementation, considering its nutritional and pharmacological implications. Therefore, this narrative review aims to analyze the role of creatine as an ergogenic dietary supplement for muscle hypertrophy and identify the risks associated with its consumption.","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"401 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131785956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manifestation of neurological sequels after COVID-19: litera-ture review","authors":"Denise Gonçalves Moura Pinheiro, Ana Paula Benevides, Ihoranna Freitas Lima, Joelma Nascimento Bacelar, Milena Pinheiro Machado, Tayane de Brito Araújo, José Evaldo Gonçalves Lopes-Júnior, Eduardo Almeida e Neves, E. S. O. Vanderlei","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.2.27-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.2.27-30","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 had its first case in the city of Wuhan, China, in December 2019, with a few isolated cases that soon became a pandemic within a short period of time. Studies report widely varying prevalences of neurological manifestations, ranging from 3% to 35%, with a higher incidence in severe or critical cases. Neurological manifestations generally occur between the first and 14th day after the onset of respiratory symptoms. To determine the prevalence and types of neurological sequelae in post-COVID-19 patients through a literature review. A literature search was conducted in the electronic databases BVS, PubMed, and SciELO. Inclusion criteria were studies with full text availability, on patients who contracted COVID-19, published from 2019 to 2022. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 articles were selected, with nine eligible articles. The main results showed that COVID-19 affects the central nervous system (CNS) and can also cause exacerbated activation of the immune system, leading to stroke, depression, anxiety, encephalopathies, headaches, among others. Patient follow-up is necessary since this is a disease still under study and relatively new. This review should be updated as new sequelae or consequences may arise in the long term after the virus.","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124149969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additional value of the coronary calcium score to conventional cardiovascular risk factors in predicting significant coronary disease diagnosed by computed tomography angiography in Angola","authors":"H. Morais, Preciosa Lourenço, Carlos Martins, Lorette Cardona, M. Gonçalves","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.2.20-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.2.20-26","url":null,"abstract":"In Angola, coronary artery disease (CAD) has increased in prevalence in recent years. This study aims to evaluate the additional value of the coronary calcium score (CCS) to conventional risk factors (CRF) in predicting the presence of CAD. Results: This study comprises 204 patients. The mean age was 56.46±9.19 years. 123(60.3%) patients are male. The patients with CAD are older (mean age 56.00±9,4 years vs. 59.83±6.8 years, p=0.017), had higher proportion of men [20(83.3%) vs. 103(57.2), p=0.014], diabetes [10(41.7%) vs. 37(20.6%), p=0.021], dyslipidemia [23(95.8%) vs. 108(60.0%], p=0.001) smoking in the past, [9(37.5%) vs 27(15.0%), p=0.007], higher number of risk factors (NRF) (p 0.001), and higher Agatston CCS (p<0.001). A logistic regression was performed to ascertain the effect age CRF, NRF, and CCS on the likelihood that participants have CAD. Based on the Backward conditional method after step 5, we identified that NFR and CCS variables added statistically significantly to the prediction (p<0.05). We identified increasing NFR (B= 0.583, Wald 5.086; OR 1.791: p=0-0024 95%CI =1.07-2.97) and CCS (B= 0.016, Wald 30.951; OR 1.016: p<0.001 95% CI =1.01-1.02) were associated with an increased likelihood of exhibiting significant CAD. Conclusion: The NRF and the CCS proved to be strong predictors of CAD.","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129483433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nursing care for patients diagnosed with acute myocardial in-farction in the intensive care unit: a narrative review","authors":"Eduarda Kelly Madeira Sousa, Vitória Maria Vasconcelos Gomes, Samuel Ramalho Torres Maia, José Evaldo Gonçalves Lopes-Júnior, Cesário Rui Callou-Filho, Denise Gonçalves Moura Pinheiro","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.2.16-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.2.16-19","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular diseases are among the main pathologies that cause deaths in Brazil, and directly contribute to the increase in the number of intensive care unit hospitalizations. These cardiological dysfunctions are caused by several factors that must be treated immediately after the appearance of the first signs and symptoms. The care environment in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), the focus of the present study, is an environment intended to assist seriously ill and unstable patients that are usually in a hospital setting and is considered high complexity due to its cutting-edge technological and computerized apparatus. The role of the nurse begins as soon as the patient is admitted upon arriving at healthcare facilities in general, with the main function of early diagnosis and immediate initiation of emergency care, increasing the patient's chances of survival. The early diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) and therapeutic interventions directly affect the morbidity and mortality of patients. Therefore, this study aimed, through a narrative review, to highlight the main risk factors and understand the importance of nursing care in the assistance of patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Intensive Care Unit.","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"59 20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132844033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Bases Employed in the MRI Based on the Morphology of Tropical Fruits study: An Experience Report","authors":"Lorena Gadelha Amaral, Regina Paula Soares Diego","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.2.9-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.2.9-15","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an exam that portrays morphological structures through high-definition images using a magnetic field. Understanding the physical basis of MRI represents a challenge for students in diagnostic imaging, as it involves advanced and complex technology. Here, we discuss image acquisition parameters, demonstrating advantages and disadvantages in using different values for each variable addressed and their impact on the quality and resolution of images obtained from the morphological study of tropical fruits. Based on the analysis of images of fruits submitted to MR scanning, we investigated the advantages and disadvantages of using different values for the field of view, slice thickness, matrix, and the use of different weights for scanning, measuring the resolution and quality of the images obtained. It was found that the use of fruit scanning represents an excellent tool for the development of students in radiodiagnosis, aiming at understanding the parameters used in the protocols for acquiring MR equipment and optimizing the quality of images.","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134976708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Bases Employed in the MRI Based on the Morphology of Tropical Fruits study: An Experience Report","authors":"Lorena Gadelha Amaral, Regina Paula Soares Diego","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.2.9-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.2.9-14","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an exam that portrays morphological structures through high-definition images using a magnetic field. Understanding the physical basis of MRI represents a challenge for students in diagnostic imaging, as it involves advanced and complex technology. Here, we discuss image acquisition parameters, demonstrating advantages and disadvantages in using different values for each variable addressed and their impact on the quality and resolution of images obtained from the morphological study of tropical fruits. Based on the analysis of images of fruits submitted to MR scanning, we investigated the advantages and disadvantages of using different values for the field of view, slice thickness, matrix, and the use of different weights for scanning, measuring the resolution and quality of the images obtained. It was found that the use of fruit scanning represents an excellent tool for the development of students in radiodiagnosis, aiming at understanding the parameters used in the protocols for acquiring MR equipment and optimizing the quality of images.","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134212860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}