Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review最新文献

{"title":"Integrity in Science and Technology Production","authors":"Thiago Rocha Da Cunha","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.26","url":null,"abstract":"This communication discusses the meanings and applications of the concept of integrity in scientific production. Integrity is a polysemic concept whose etymology refers to wholeness, completeness or purity. When applied to ethics, the concept presents itself as a virtue of those who are coherent – ​​whole, complete – in their moral life. In the field of care sciences, integrity is also related to respect for the whole body and individuality of patients. In discussions about ethics in scientific production, integrity includes both aspects: on the one hand, it points to bad practices related to the researcher's ethical conduct in matters such as fraud, plagiarism, falsification of data, conflicts of interest, that is, to what violates the integrity of scientific data; on the other hand, it points to practices that put the integrity of people and the environment at risk, such as in abusive and exploratory research with human beings or studies with negative impacts on the environment. The communication concludes that the issue of integrity goes beyond individual relationships involving researchers and their objects of study, but concerns a network of collective practices whose approach requires a critical, collective and politicized reading of bioethics.","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114262127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of the Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal","authors":"Bruno Béu","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.22","url":null,"abstract":"This presentation to the Integrity and Ethics in Scientific Research Workshop will focus on some areas of articulation of the issue of scientific integrity and the activities of a funding agency, in particular, the Foundation for Science and Technology. In a first part, a framework of scientific integrity and a set of its sub-areas in the European panorama will be carried out, taking as main object the EU reference document, the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity, produced by ALLEA in 2017 In a second part, three of the areas referred to there will be highlighted in the ways in which they are envisaged and operationalized at the level of science policy as well as in the various FCT funding instruments: (i) self- and hetero-assessment of ethical issues within the scope of submission of applications, (ii) peer review, and (iii) the area of ​​open science.","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"59 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128875546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience from the Research Foundation of South Africa","authors":"J. Meiring","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific Ethics and Research Integrity plays an important role for the researcher, the institution that hosts the researcher and the funding agency funding the research. The applicants applying for funding are doing so with research credentials/publications assumed were obtained ethical and with integrity. Based on the applicant info provided in the proposal is reviewed and then funded the funding agency. The agency expects the applicant to submit a proposal in an ethical manner and subsequently creating research output that has integrity and obtain ethically. Funding agency main objective is not to police researchers to see if they are applying ethical and ensure research outputs that of high integrity. It is therefore important that funding agencies engage with research organisations to work closely with other agencies involved in research for example universities, research councils, policy makers etc. However, funding agencies need to implement protective mechanism to prevent and monitor any unethical behaviour and ensure that integrity principles were adhere to when applicants apply for funding. An internal standard operating procedure (SOP) document was developed to handle unethical conduct. The document needs to allow for a fair and transparent process. Due the fact that the applicant, the institute of the applicant and the panel that identify the misconduct, a structure process should be followed. When applicant found guilty of misconduct, it is up to the respective applicant institution to come up with appropriate punishment the applicant. The funding agency can institute additional restriction such as preventing the guilty applicant to apply for funding for a set period. The funding agency should insist on a rehabilitation process and sensitise other applicants (as a deterrent) from refraining from unethical practises. Ethical research and research integrity are important obligation from the research, the researcher institute, the funding agency and the broader science system all the role player serve. Identifying violation of the ethical and integrity principles should allow for actions to be taken and the gaps that existed to be close.","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115503637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical principles of the scientific researcher: state of the art and updates","authors":"H. Ribeiro-Junior","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.25","url":null,"abstract":"The ethical principles of the scientific researcher are fundamental to ensuring the integrity, transparency, and reliability of scientific research results. The current state of the art in ethics in scientific research involves a set of guidelines aimed at ensuring that research is conducted fairly, transparently, and with respect for human and animal rights. Among the most important ethical principles for the scientific researcher are respect for the autonomy and privacy of research participants, ensuring benefits and minimizing risks for participants, honesty in disclosing results, social and environmental responsibility, and respect for animal rights. In recent years, the ethical debate surrounding scientific research has intensified due to technological advances that present new ethical challenges, such as genetic manipulation, artificial intelligence, and data privacy. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought important ethical issues to light, such as conducting research quickly in the midst of a public health emergency. We envision three other fundamental pillars related to the moment following the completion of scientific research, namely the definition of authorship of the scientific article, the choice of the scientific journal to which the article will be submitted for publication, and finally, the authors need to disseminate their results to society. Faced with these challenges, it is necessary for researchers to always be attentive to the ethical principles that govern scientific research and to be able to apply them consciously and responsibly in their research.","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129165409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflicts of Interest of Sponsors and Promoters in Research","authors":"Cláudio Lorenzo","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.27","url":null,"abstract":"The development of health technologies by transnational pharmaceutical industries has been considered the most profitable industrial activity on the planet. This economic power facilitates the favoring of the interests of those who are the biggest sponsors and promoters of research in their relationships with researchers, institutions and associations of patients. In developed countries, about 90% of clinical trials are conducted by large pharmaceutical industries, in developing countries it varies between 100 and 95%. That is, in the reality of countries like Brazil and Angola there is a clear dependency due to the low research capacity. There are some differences in the rigor with which the concept of conflict of interest has been defined. We will work with the International Council of Science Editors’ definition that has been used by most of the highest impact scientific journals. In this definition, any financial relationship or other types of advantages offered by sponsors and promoters to researchers and research institutions already characterizes a factual and not just potential conflict of interest. We will try to demonstrate the most common practices these conflicts appear through the hiring of medical consultants, injection of resources in journals, medical associations and organizations of patients, payments or advantages to institutions, researchers, research participants and ethics committees, as well as in funding of scientific events. We will finally present some results of a recent publication conducted by me and a graduate student in Bioethics on conflicts of interest between sponsors of Brazilian national specialty congresses and researchers and the results of clinical trials for drugs presented.","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125681896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Experience of Ethics Committees in Portuguese Speaking Countries","authors":"Ema Fernandes","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades we have seen an increase in scientific research, including in Portuguese Speaking Countries (PALOP). This growth highlighted the concern for compliance with the principles of bioethics in research involving human beings. Lack of resources, scarce legislation, poor training of members of bioethics committees, limited knowledge of the main international guidelines, limited training on ethics and bioethics in research, are some of the characteristics common to the PALOPs. On the other hand, language constitutes a barrier considering that most of the literature is available in English. As an example, between 2005-2016 the EDCTP partnership funded 74 ethics projects in Africa with only two for the PALOP. The creation of bioethics committees in these countries dates back to the year 2000 in Angola, Cape Verde and Mozambique and from 2010 in Guinea-Bissau and São Tomé and Príncipe, all with Portuguese and Brazilian influence. In 2011, the National Committee on Bioethics in Health in Mozambique registered an increase in research, triggering the creation process of Institutional Bioethics Committees, with regulations and norms for the creation, functioning and hierarchy. In 2016, during the International Conference on “Ethics in Scientific Research: the first step towards south-south cooperation”, Angola, Mozambique, Brazil and Cuba signed the Malange Declaration. It expresses the commitment of the health ethics committees to work as a network in south-south collaboration, recognizing the need to boost training in bioethics. Mozambique's declaration reinforces this commitment. However, only in Mozambique is there a boost in the formation and regulation of bioethics committees. Currently, it is the PALOP country with the highest number of research projects evaluated. Between 2017-2021, two projects financed by EDCTP were implemented, in the perspective of North-South collaboration between Portugal and the PALOP. LusoAfro-BioEthics, aimed at Strengthening Bioethics Committees in Mozambique, Angola and Cape Verde. Highlights include online courses in Portuguese, the availability of a website in Portuguese and the implementation of the online research protocol submission process for Mozambique. BERC-luso, an Ethical and Regulatory Capacity Building project in the five PALOP countries, with the aim of developing and strengthening national drug regulation systems and capacities for the ethical review of clinical research. In September 2022, representatives of the Ethics Councils, Bioethics Associations and Clinical Research Committees of Portugal and the PALOP, gathered at the Lusophone Bioethics Meeting, signed the Lisbon Declaration with the commitment to Bioethical Cooperation and One Health in Lusophone countries between 2022-2026. The challenges for the PALOP continue to be training in ethics and bioethics in undergraduate and postgraduate courses as well as in intensive courses for the preparation and evaluation of research projects and ","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133168556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interinstitutional Coordination and the Promotion of Health Research: Bioethical perspectives","authors":"Andrea Leite Ribeiro","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.24","url":null,"abstract":"The development of scientific research that supports decision-making in health is ethically defensible for the socioeconomic development of the country. In this sense, this summary aims to discuss issues related to research promotion, addressing bioethical aspects related to the theme, also considering ethics in research with human beings. Each country must establish a clear policy for scientific research and technological innovation, adopting actions for planning, supervising and promoting research. So that the results can be effectively reverted to the health policy, it is important to identify the priorities, launch a public notice and select the projects. After technical approval, the project must be submitted to a research ethics committee and only after approval, start the study. The developer must monitor the execution of the research and evaluate the possibility of applying the results in the public health system. The researcher must, at the end, present the research results to research participants and the community in general. It is understood that a priority research agenda denotes medium and long-term responsibility for the theme. Considering the need for adequate use of public resources in research involving human beings, it is imperative to deal with the bioethical aspects that involve the promotion, such as resource allocation, health inequity, neglected diseases, as well as those related to the procedural and institutional analysis of a project to receive public funds, also counting on the ethical analysis of scientific research involving human beings.","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132230669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book of Abstracts for the Workshop Integrity and Ethics in Research","authors":"M. Gonçalves, António Hélder Francisco, Mário Fresta","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.1-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.1-12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124078886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrity and Ethics in Scientific Research: What's the Problem?","authors":"Mário Fresta","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"It discusses what constitutes the problem of Integrity and Ethics in Scientific Research worldwide and, in particular, what challenge it poses to FUNDECIT in Angola, based on its Statute, literature and press reports. Research produces scientific knowledge which, ever since, and even more so in the modern information/global knowledge society, is the basis of the economy and development. Good practices in the application of the scientific method, integrity, ethics and deontology make it possible to permanently obtain reliable and relevant knowledge. Bad practices, on the other hand, corrupt the system by introducing potentially wrong knowledge, waste resources, and create unfair competition. Thus, all actors in science (researchers, research groups, research and development institutions, funding agencies and global organizations) must promote training and education, policies and practices that are honest and pro-ethical. FUNDECIT's Statute advocates “respecting ethical standards, with a view to protecting and ensuring integrity” and promoting training in project management. Although medicine, bioethics, the environment, and other areas have their specificities, no investigation dispenses with integrity and ethics. The Creating a Culture of Publication Integrity Together (https://publicationethics.org/) and Plagiarism (https://plagiarism.org/), the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals websites (https://www.icmje.org/icmje -recommendations.pdf), and the BMJ Scientific Misconduct (https://www.bmj.com/abou0tbmj/ resourcesauthors/formspoliciesandchecklists/scientificmisconduct) deal with this matter. The challenge publish or perish cannot be done at the expense of integrity, ethics and truth. As Mia Couto says, “you have to show that it pays to be honest” (https://www.geledes.org.br/discurso-proferido-por-mia-couto-ao-receber-o-titulo-doutor-honoriscausa-pela-universidade-politecnica-de-maputo/).","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127330696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Experience of Scientific and Technological Develop-ment in Brazil – CNPq","authors":"E. F. Vilela","doi":"10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Brazil managed to develop robust Science in areas such as Health, Agriculture, Mathematics and many others, promoting projects, programs and investing in scholarships for young talents to dedicate themselves to research, at undergraduate and graduate levels. The CNPq, CAPES, FINEP and 26 State Research Support Foundations - FAPs make up the National ST&I Financing System. The current challenge is to focus investments on projects in multidisciplinary collaboration networks, such as the INCTs, capable of generating innovation for society's challenges and the sustainability of technology-based businesses, in addition to the publication of articles. It has also advanced the culture of integrity and ethics.","PeriodicalId":176982,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126523627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}