JTO Clinical and Research Reports最新文献

{"title":"Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Induces Complete Pathological Response in Oligometastatic HER2-Mutant NSCLC: Case Report","authors":"Laurenz Nagl MD,&nbsp;Lena Horvath MD, PhD,&nbsp;Arno Amann MD,&nbsp;Lorenz Schreiner MD,&nbsp;Michael Günther MD,&nbsp;Herbert Maier MD,&nbsp;Johannes Kerschbaumer MD, PhD,&nbsp;Gerlig Widmann MD,&nbsp;Danijela Minasch MD,&nbsp;Lisa-Maria Rossetti MD,&nbsp;Katharina Kostenzer MD,&nbsp;Dominik Wolf MD,&nbsp;Florian Augustin MD,&nbsp;Andreas Pircher MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.101023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.101023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>HER2 exon 20 insertions are rare oncogenic driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) has proven efficacy in pretreated metastatic HER2-mutant NSCLC. However, its use as first-line therapy in oligometastatic settings remains undocumented.</div></div><div><h3>Case Presentation</h3><div>A 66-year-old female presented with a right hilar lung mass and a singular symptomatic left frontal brain metastasis. Biopsy confirmed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (TTF-1 positive, PD-L1 TPS 0%) with an ERBB2 exon 20 insertion (p.Y772_A775dup). The patient declined standard chemo- and immunotherapy. An individualized treatment plan was developed, initiating off-label first-line T-DXd after resection and consolidating radiotherapy of the affected cerebral region. After four cycles of T-DXd, imaging demonstrated significant tumor reduction. Subsequent surgical resection of the primary tumor revealed a complete pathological response (ypT0N0, R0). Adjuvant T-DXd therapy was continued thereafter.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case illustrates the high efficacy of T-DXd as the sole first-line treatment in oligometastatic HER2-mutant NSCLC. Prospective studies are needed to systematically explore the efficacy and safety of this approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17675,"journal":{"name":"JTO Clinical and Research Reports","volume":"7 7","pages":"Article 101023"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13321012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148368911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ivonescimab: The Next United States Food and Drug Administration Project Optimus Flashpoint?","authors":"Garth W. Strohbehn MD, MPhil,&nbsp;Mark J. Ratain MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.100976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.100976","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17675,"journal":{"name":"JTO Clinical and Research Reports","volume":"7 7","pages":"Article 100976"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13325250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148376207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief Report: Impact of PLCOm2012 Ethnicity Model Variations on Eligibility for the Alberta Lung Cancer Screening Program","authors":"Matthew T. Warkentin PhD ,&nbsp;Kirk Graff PhD ,&nbsp;Darren R. Brenner PhD ,&nbsp;Gary Teare PhD ,&nbsp;Monica L. Mullin MD ,&nbsp;Laura Hampton NP ,&nbsp;Huiming Yang MD ,&nbsp;Alain Tremblay MDCM","doi":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.101002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.101002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Screening with low-dose computed tomography reduces lung cancer mortality among individuals at high risk of lung cancer. Three PLCOm2012 model variations for predicting lung cancer risk have been developed: the original model with six race or ethnicity categories (6Race), a model with three race or ethnicity categories (3Race), and a model excluding race and ethnicity (NoRace). We evaluated the impact of model selection on screening eligibility for the Alberta Lung Cancer Screening Program.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Retrospective analysis of 5961 individuals contacting the Alberta Lung Cancer Screening Program. For each participant, we calculated their 6-year risk of lung cancer using the three PLCOm2012 models and compared their eligibility using a 1.5% 6-year lung cancer risk threshold.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the participants, 70% identified as White, 9% Asian, 4% Indigenous, 0.5% Black, 0.4% Hispanic, and 17% not reported. Furthermore, 67% had a risk more than or equal to 1.5% risk across all three models, whereas 30% had less than 1.5% risk across all models. Using the NoRace model, 31% of Indigenous and 25% of Black individuals were classified below the 1.5% threshold but would have been eligible using 3Race or 6Race. Using the 6Race model, 18% of Asian and 22% of Hispanic individuals were below 1.5% but were above 1.5% in either the NoRace or 3Race model.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Choice of PLCOm2012 model can have a considerable impact on screening eligibility, particularly for ethnic minorities. Using the 3Race model increases screening eligibility for Indigenous, Black, Hispanic, and Asian individuals. Canadian-based data validating and quantifying the impact of race and ethnicity on lung cancer risk are urgently needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17675,"journal":{"name":"JTO Clinical and Research Reports","volume":"7 6","pages":"Article 101002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148186785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidisciplinary Approach to Sexual Dysfunction in Persons With Lung Cancer—Spanish Lung Cancer Group Expert Consensus Statement","authors":"Aylen Vanessa Ospina-Serrano MD, MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Constanza Maximiano-Alonso MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Pau Guillén-Sentís MD ,&nbsp;Beatriz Losada MD ,&nbsp;Patricia Cruz-Castellanos MD ,&nbsp;Rafael López-Castro MD ,&nbsp;Begoña Campos-Balea MD ,&nbsp;Eider Azkona-Uribelarrea MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Ana Cardeña MD ,&nbsp;Augusto Valdivia MD ,&nbsp;Alejandro Olivares-Hernández MD ,&nbsp;Ana Blasco-Cordellat MD ,&nbsp;María Sereno-Moyano MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Delfina Peralta-Tanco MD ,&nbsp;Manuel Dómine MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Raquel Romão MD ,&nbsp;Silvia Muñoz-Borrajo MD ,&nbsp;Manuel Garcia-Espantaleon MD ,&nbsp;Augusto Pereira-Sánchez MD ,&nbsp;Esaú Fernández-Pascual MD ,&nbsp;Mariano Provencio-Pulla MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.101001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.101001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a common adverse effect of oncologic treatment; however, sexual health assessment is not routinely included in the follow-up of persons with lung cancer (LC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Spanish Lung Cancer Group conducted a formal consensus process to develop recommendations for a multidisciplinary approach to SD in persons with LC. Mixed methods combining a modified Delphi technique and a nominal group process were used to guide the discussions on the selected topics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The consensus process was conducted between May and October 2024. A panel of 28 Spanish experts—including medical oncologists, gynecologists, urologists, family physicians, sexologists, psychologists, one psychiatrist, and one oncology nurse—was convened to address the multidimensional aspects of sexuality. A 33-item questionnaire was developed for the voting process, which comprised two rounds followed by a final nominal group meeting. The threshold for agreement among experts was set at 85%. In cases in which scientific evidence was limited or controversial, recommendations were based on expert clinical experience. The primary topics addressed included patient education on SD, screening and follow-up strategies, the composition and role of the multidisciplinary team, referral criteria among team members, and both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic management of SD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This document presents the suggestions developed through expert panel discussions and summarizes the available scientific evidence supporting them. Given the absence of specific guidelines addressing sexual health assessment through oncologic follow-up of people with LC, this consensus may help improve clinical care and quality of life for this population in real-world practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17675,"journal":{"name":"JTO Clinical and Research Reports","volume":"7 6","pages":"Article 101001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148186784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison Between Lymph Node Station- and Zone-Based Classification: An Extended Analysis With the Ninth Edition TNM Lymph Node Descriptors in Surgically Resected NSCLC","authors":"Shia Kim MD,&nbsp;Geun Dong Lee MD, PhD,&nbsp;Sehoon Choi MD, PhD,&nbsp;Hyeong Ryul Kim MD, PhD,&nbsp;Yong-Hee Kim MD, PhD,&nbsp;Dong Kwan Kim MD, PhD,&nbsp;Seung-Il Park MD, PhD,&nbsp;Jae Kwang Yun MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.101004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.101004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The ninth edition of the TNM classification by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer subdivides pN2 disease into N2a and N2b based on the number of involved lymph node (LN) stations. This study compares the prognostic performance of station-based versus zone-based LN classification in surgically resected NSCLC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed 11,047 patients who underwent curative resection with systematic LN dissection for NSCLC between 2005 and 2022. In the zone-based system, LN stations were grouped into broader anatomical regions: peripheral or hilar zones for N1 node and upper mediastinal, lower mediastinal, aortopulmonary, and subcarinal zones for N2 nodes. Patients were classified as N2a or N2b based on single- versus multi-zone or station involvement. Overall survival (OS) and freedom from recurrence (FFR) were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression. Prognostic performance was compared using Harrell’s C-index, Akaike Information Criterion, and <em>R</em>².</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both classification systems significantly stratified OS and FFR (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Zone-based classification revealed clearer separation between N2a and N2b groups, particularly in OS (5-y OS: 55.6% versus 37.2%). Multivariable analysis confirmed both systems as independent prognostic factors, with zone-based N2b revealing the highest hazard ratios. Model fit was slightly better with zone-based classification. Notably, 28.8% of patients with station-based N2b were reclassified as zone-based N2a, revealing prognostic heterogeneity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Zone-based LN classification improves prognostic discrimination compared with station-based grouping and may complement future refinements of the TNM nodal staging system.</div></div><div><h3><em>IRB Approval</em></h3><div><strong><em>Institutional Review Board of Asan Medical Center</em> (2024-1351)</strong>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17675,"journal":{"name":"JTO Clinical and Research Reports","volume":"7 6","pages":"Article 101004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148157007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Developing Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Advanced ALK-Rearranged NSCLC","authors":"Caroline Kamali MD ,&nbsp;Georgios Tsakonas MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Rolf Lewensohn MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Lena Kanter MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Hanna Vikman MSc ,&nbsp;Anders Berglund PhD ,&nbsp;Elena Nedbaylo MD ,&nbsp;Per Hydbring PhD ,&nbsp;Kristina Viktorsson PhD ,&nbsp;Luigi De Petris MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Simon Ekman MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.101003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.101003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Patients with NSCLC have an increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), a condition associated with a poorer prognosis. Those with <em>ALK</em> rearrangements have a three- to five-fold higher risk of VTE than those with other oncogenic drivers. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and impact of VTE on overall survival.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed patients with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC treated at Karolinska University Hospital from 2009 to 2021. VTE events were recorded from 90 days before histologic cancer diagnosis to death or end of follow-up. The impact of VTE on survival was assessed using a time-dependent Cox model, and risk factors were evaluated using Fine-Gray competing risk regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 97 patients were included, of whom 35 (36.1%) developed VTE. Pulmonary embolism accounted for 24 cases (68.6%), with 16 events (45.7%) occurring more than 6 months after treatment initiation. The median time from diagnosis to the first clot was 167 days. Patients with VTE had a 3.43-fold increased risk of death. Competing risk regression analysis revealed that the presence of baseline adrenal metastasis (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–7.16), leukocyte count more than 11 × 10⁹/L (HR = 3.74, 95% CI: 1.91–7.31), and hemoglobin less than 10 g/dL (HR = 5.18, 95% CI: 2.07–12.94) significantly increased VTE risk, whereas albumin more than or equal to 3.5 g/dL reduced the risk (HR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10–0.56).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In advanced ALK-positive NSCLC, baseline adrenal metastases, leukocytosis, and anemia were associated with increased VTE risk and may warrant heightened clinical vigilance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17675,"journal":{"name":"JTO Clinical and Research Reports","volume":"7 6","pages":"Article 101003"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148157055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes and Toxicities of Definitive Radiation Therapy for Unresected Thymic Malignancies","authors":"Sana Raoof MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Nicolas Toumbacaris MSPH ,&nbsp;Annemarie F. Shepherd MD ,&nbsp;Daphna Y. Gelblum MD ,&nbsp;Charles B. Simone II MD ,&nbsp;Abraham J. Wu MD ,&nbsp;Ellen D. Yorke PhD ,&nbsp;Michelle S. Ginsberg MD ,&nbsp;Andrew M. Pagano MD ,&nbsp;James Huang MD ,&nbsp;Gregory J. Riely MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Zhigang Zhang PhD ,&nbsp;Andreas Rimner MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.100970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.100970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Thymic malignancies are primarily managed with surgery. Some patients are medically inoperable or technically unresectable. We report the characteristics and outcomes of patients with unresected thymic tumors treated with definitive radiation therapy (RT) at our institution.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients treated with curative-intent RT for unresected thymic tumors between 1997 and 2023 were identified. Age at diagnosis, sex, histology, Masaoka or TNM stage, WHO classification, reason for no resection, RT dose and fractionation, presence of paraneoplastic syndrome, chemotherapy use, and toxicities were extracted. Overall and local failure-free survival, patterns of progression, and treatment toxicities were assessed. This retrospective chart review did not require informed consent.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 33 consecutive patients were identified (16 females and 17 males) with a median age of 61 years at diagnosis. Overall, 22 patients had thymoma and 11 had thymic carcinoma. T stage was T2 (one), T3 (seven), and T4 (25); N stage was N0 (15), N1 (one), and N2 (17); M stage was M0 (21), M1a (eight), and M1b (four). Median tumor size was 8.1 cm. Three patients were medically inoperable; 30 were technically unresectable. Of the 33 patients, 29 received chemotherapy. The median RT dose was 60 Gy in 2 Gy fractions.</div><div>Furthermore, 6% developed a grade 3 toxicity and 9% developed grade 2 pneumonitis. No grade 4/5 toxicities were observed. The 2-year overall survival was 69% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52–92) and 5-year overall survival was 56% (95% CI: 37–85). The 3- and 5-year local failure rates were 20% (95% CI: 6.9–39).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In the most advanced stage and one of the largest reports to date, definitive chemo-RT provides high rates of local control in patients with unresected thymic malignancies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17675,"journal":{"name":"JTO Clinical and Research Reports","volume":"7 5","pages":"Article 100970"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147803241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Antitumor Activity of Farletuzumab Ecteribulin in Patients With NSCLC: Phase I Expansion Results","authors":"Tatsuya Yoshida MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Toshiyuki Kozuki MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Hiroki Ikezawa MS ,&nbsp;Wataru Yusa MS ,&nbsp;Takuma Miura MD ,&nbsp;Yohei Otake MD ,&nbsp;Makoto Nishio MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.100962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.100962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Farletuzumab ecteribulin (FZEC), an antibody–drug conjugate targeting folate receptor-alpha (FRα), was well tolerated with preliminary antitumor activity in the dose-escalation part of Study 101. We explored the safety and antitumor activity of FZEC in patients with NSCLC from the Study 101 expansion part.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eligible patients aged above or equal to 20 years with advanced NSCLC adenocarcinoma after previous treatment or no available alternate standard therapy received FZEC 0.9 mg/kg intravenously every 3 weeks. Safety, objective response rate (ORR), duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival were assessed. Adverse event (AE) severity was graded per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03. Tumor response was assessed by investigators per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 15 patients were enrolled (July–November 2020). Median age was 68.0 years, and 53.3% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0. Furthermore, 73.3% (n = 11) had FRα expression in more than or equal to 5% of neoplastic cells (FRα positive); 46.7% had FRα expression in more than or equal to 75% of neoplastic cells. All patients received more than or equal to two previous anticancer regimens. The most common treatment-emergent AEs were alanine aminotransferase increased, aspartate aminotransferase increased, interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis, and pyrexia. Two patients experienced a grade more than or equal to 3 treatment-emergent AE. One patient discontinued study treatment because of interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis. One patient had a partial response (duration: 2.3 mo), for an ORR of 6.7%. The disease control rate was 53.3%, median progression-free survival was 2.7 months, and median overall survival was not estimable. ORR among FRα-positive patients was 9.1%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>FZEC demonstrated modest antitumor activity, and observed AEs were generally manageable in patients with heavily pretreated NSCLC.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Trial registration</h3><div>NCT03386942</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17675,"journal":{"name":"JTO Clinical and Research Reports","volume":"7 4","pages":"Article 100962"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147601498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Outcomes in NSCLC Across Populations and Practice Settings","authors":"Matthew Lee BS ,&nbsp;Jialing Liu PhD ,&nbsp;Kari J. Teigen MPH ,&nbsp;Krishti Sabloak BS ,&nbsp;Melissa Howell MHA ,&nbsp;Mario Gonzalez PA-C ,&nbsp;Bassam Ghabach MD ,&nbsp;David E. Gerber MD ,&nbsp;Kalyani Narra MD ,&nbsp;Mitchell S. von Itzstein MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.100952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.100952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) clinical trials generally enroll non-Hispanic White patients at academic or private practice settings. ICI outcomes at safety-net settings and across diverse populations remain limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective study of patients with advanced NSCLC treated in a safety-net health care system and at an academic cancer center. We obtained clinical and demographic data from the electronic medical record. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess variables associated with survival.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 408 patients were included. Compared with the academic center cohort (n = 213), the safety-net cohort (n = 195) was younger (35% versus 75% ≥ 65 y old; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), had more racial and ethnic diversity (48% versus 73% non-Hispanic White; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and had more disadvantaged socioeconomic score (61 versus 24 median socioeconomic index; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, patients receiving ICI as part of their treatment had improved survival compared with patients receiving chemotherapy alone (chemoradiation and ICI: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31–0.93; <em>p</em> = 0.03; chemotherapy and ICI: aHR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.28–0.68; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; ICI alone: aHR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.30–0.91; <em>p</em> = 0.02). There was a near significant association with improved survival at academic practice setting (HR = 0.77; CI = 0.58–1.03; <em>p</em> = 0.08). There were no differences in survival according to race and ethnicity or socioeconomic status.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In a diverse cohort across practice settings, receipt of ICI was associated with improved survival, regardless of facility type, race and ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. Efforts to provide ICI access to all eligible patients may improve outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17675,"journal":{"name":"JTO Clinical and Research Reports","volume":"7 4","pages":"Article 100952"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief Report: Androgen Receptor Expression Is Associated With Male Predominance in Thymic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms","authors":"Christopher S. Nabel MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Chad B. Sussman MD ,&nbsp;Charles A. Whittaker PhD ,&nbsp;Vincent L. Butty MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Peterson BA ,&nbsp;Haley K. Martin BA ,&nbsp;Abner Louissaint Jr. MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Eva Bru-Tari PhD ,&nbsp;Simona Chera PhD ,&nbsp;Azra H. Ligon PhD ,&nbsp;Beow Y. Yeap ScD ,&nbsp;Pedro L. Herrera PhD ,&nbsp;Yin P. Hung MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.100973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2026.100973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Neuroendocrine neoplasms represent a rare and poorly understood collection of malignancies. A better understanding of their biology is needed to improve treatment options. Male predominance to the incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the thymus suggests a biological basis for this observation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This single-institution, retrospective cohort study evaluated androgen receptor (AR) expression and other clinicopathologic features in thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms compared with thymic epithelial tumors and neuroendocrine neoplasms of other sites. Expression of neuroendocrine and prostate markers was also assessed. For further molecular characterization, copy number analysis of AR and other relevant genes was assessed by single nucleotide polymorphism array. Last, analysis of single genes and thymic epithelial gene sets was performed using published thymic tumor transcriptomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A cohort was assembled from 17 patients with neuroendocrine malignancies of primary thymic origin with assessable tissue for immunohistochemical analysis. The cohort was predominantly male (12 males, five females). Immunohistochemical analysis of the AR demonstrated positive staining in nine cases, all of which were male. Compared with thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms, AR expression is considerably less frequent in thymomas, thymic carcinoma, and neuroendocrine neoplasms of other sites of origin. No relevant copy number changes in the AR were identified. Further molecular characterization revealed expression of ASCL1 and limited expression of common prostate lineage and differentiation markers within our cohort, including thymic neuroendocrine epithelial gene set enrichment in published transcriptomes of thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The AR is expressed in a considerable fraction of thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms and is associated with male predominance. This observation has implications for investigation of androgen deprivation and receptor blockade.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17675,"journal":{"name":"JTO Clinical and Research Reports","volume":"7 4","pages":"Article 100973"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}