Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Steel Slag as a Persulfate Activator for Treatment of Landfill Leachate","authors":"Soubh Am","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000125","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the performance of steel slag (SS) as an activator of persulfate (PS) for the removal the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of raw leachate landfill was studied. The experiments were conducted in a batch reactor. The SS was obtained from the Esfahan Steel Company, Iran. X - ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE - SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis were used to investigate the characteristics of the SS. The effects of SS dosage (0 - 5 g L - 1 ), PS/COD ratio (1 - 5), and reaction time (0 - 180 min) on the removal of leachate landfill. The Maximum removal efficiencies at optimize operational conditions (SS dosage 3 g L - 1 , PS/COD ratio: 3 and reaction time: 45 min) was 83%. The addition of SS (3 g L - 1 ) led to more than six and a halftimes increase in degradation rate constants of COD.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133258287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Blocks Using Foamed Concrete with Industrial Waste Materials","authors":"Jose Sk","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000167","url":null,"abstract":"Clay bricks or hollow/solid concrete blocks are used as infills for reinforced concrete framed structures in the present construction scenario. There is substantial depletion of natural resources during the production of conventional bricks, which create environmental pollution due to burning of bricks. Also, for the production of hollow/solid cement concrete blocks, large quantities of cement and natural aggregates are being used. This enforces researchers to develop a more feasible, lighter and greener alternate material for infills. Foamed concrete (FC) is such an innovative and versatile material, which consists of a cement based mortar having minimum 20% of volume filled with air. The effective consumption of industrial by-products for the production of FC lead to preservation of natural resources, solving disposal issues of these wastes. FC is found to be economically viable, light in weight, durable, thermally resistive as well as environmentally sustainable. This research focuses on the feasibility of utilizing the industrial waste materials such as fly ash and GGBFS as partial substitute for cement and quarry dust as substitute for fine aggregate. The influence of these waste materials on foamed concrete and the development of properties like compressive strength, dry density, water absorption and thermal conductivity were studied.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130612369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Civil Engineering Education in the 21 st Century","authors":"R. Navon","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116197451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Concrete Mixes Using Marble Waste and ISF Slag","authors":"Sudarshan D Kore","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000139","url":null,"abstract":"A high volume of marble production generate a considerable amount of waste in the form of odd sizes of stones and slurry during the mining, processing and polishing stages that has a serious impact on the environment. Imperial Smelting Furnace (ISF) slag is a waste generated in the primary extraction of zinc by a pyro metallurgical process with a granular texture. The main goal of this study is utilization of marble mining waste as a partial replacement for conventional coarse aggregate and ISF slag as a partial replacement for sand in concrete mixes. The concrete mixes were designed by using particle packing density approach with a constant water/cement ratio 0.5. In this study the natural coarse aggregate was replaced by 75% marble aggregate and natural sand was replaced by 40% ISF slag by weight. The results of the study show that, the mechanical and durability properties of concrete mixes using these wastes did not have significant adverse impact on properties of concrete.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125306439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural Waste Management System [AWMS] in Malaysian","authors":"Ali Neh","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129573788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Selected Physico-Chemical Parameters, Nutrients, and Heavy Metals in Drinking Water Samples in Halaba Town, SNNPR, Ethiopia","authors":"Melaku Zh","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000169","url":null,"abstract":"Residents in the Halaba town, SNNPR, Ethiopia have used tap water as the main source of water for their drinking and domestic purposes. However, the Physico-chemical parameters of tap water in Halaba town have not been studied and this study was aimed to investigate some Physico-chemical parameters and selected heavy metals in tap water samples collected from two sampling sites in Halaba town. All the samples were analyzed for selected heavy metals such as Zn, Cu, Pb Ni, Cr, Fe, Mn, and some Physico-chemical parameters such as EC, pH, TDS, TH, turbidity, K, Ca, Mg, nitrate, and sulfate using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FAAS) and Paline test methods, respectively. The mean results of the physicochemical parameters investigated in tap water samples collected from two sampling sites were found to be in the range: EC (193.3–323.3) 𝜇S/cm, pH (7.88–7.9), TDS (96.7–175) mg/L, TH (24-30) mg/L, turbidity (3.93–4.53) NTUs, NO3-1(1.64–1.75) mg/L, SO4-2(1.3–3.3) mg/L. The mean concentrations of heavy metals were found to be in the range: Zn (0.05–0.30) mg/L, Fe (0.25–0.50) mg/L, Cu (0.01–0.04) mg/L, Pb (0.01–0.02) mg/L, Ni (1.86–2.4) mg/L, Cr (0.08–0.14) mg/L, Mn (0.001) mg/L, K (44.3–88.7) mg/L, Ca (180–204) mg/L, Mg (6.3–13) mg/L. The study showed that the concentrations of Pb, Ni, and Cr were slightly higher than the maximum permissible limits recommended by WHO, USEPA, and EU standards whereas concentrations of K and Ca were found to be higher than the maximum permissible limits recommended by WHO. All the other selected physicochemical parameters considered were below the maximum permissible limits recommended by WHO. Furthermore, the concentration of Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn were found to be below the maximum permissible limits recommended by WHO, USEPA, EU, Australian, Iranian, Indian, Malaysian, Newzlandian, and Ethiopian standards. Therefore, citizens in the Halaba town that uses tap water for their day-to-day domestic activities and drinking purpose could potentially expose to health risks due to high levels of Pb, Ni, Cr, K and Ca. So, it is recommended that the tap water in the study area should be treated before being used for drinking and domestic purposes.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129669907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste Desalination Streams, Pre - Salt and Energy Genesis, Replenishing Oil, Gas Salt Diapirs in “Salt Mirror Petroleum Formations\" - 40 Years in Retrospect, and Ancient Qanat Karez Mineral Salt Leaching Technology","authors":"D. Bloch","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000131","url":null,"abstract":"The Geology Of “Salt Mirrors” a s t he Responsible Hydraulic Mechanisms Enabling t he Disappearance o f Heavy Saline Waste Fluids, a nd Other Waste Toxic Sediments i nto Deep Land a nd Ocean Aquifers. A hydraulic mechanism which dissolves salt to form so - called “ salt mirrors” results in exceptionally flat geological expanses of wetland, for example, suitable for solar evaporation pans. Whether initially in the form of evaporates, eutectic deposits, domes or other rock salt diapirs, the mechanism is proposed to be responsible for transporting most waste organic and inorganic debris into very deep aquifers in the water table: Specifically the interface of fresh water and heavy saturated brines in the water table initiates powerful horizontal and vertical liquid strea ms which are capable of collecting most sediment waste material and concentrating it into heavy gradient saline pools. Based on observations made in 1953 and presented to the 4th Salt Symposium Ohio USA by M.R.Bloch, it is also proposed that this mechanism is responsible for the slurry concentrating function of huge quantities of decomposed biodiversity waste and transporting it to such subterranean reservoirs where it subsequently is transformed into crude petroleum. Historically this mechanism became natu re's process of recycling waste to very great depths in the Earth's aquifers. It could also become the obvious destination for toxic RO reject brine. During mankind’s short industrial timeline, raw chemical and even nuclear waste has been added to the equa tion and it is estimated that as this very deep interface of water and saturated brine rises together with the water table, and that it may percolate up through these same aquifers. This will be particularly true in the event that the water table raises du e to predicted increased eustatic sea levels. Salt - driven wetlands and other historical saline concentrations and salt deposits are an integral part of the process in this mechanism and therefore careful control of these saline streams at their point of ev olution must become a priority to sustaining such wetland sub oceanic ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133190442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact Persulfate on COD Analyze and Possibility Use it as Oxidant of Leachate","authors":"Soubh Am","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000146","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the performance of persulfate (PS) for the removal the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of raw leachate landfill was studied. The experiments were conducted in a batch reactor. The effects pH (2-11), PS/COD ratio (2-10), and reaction time (0-240 min) on the removal of leachate landfill. The Maximum removal efficiencies of COD and NH3 at optimize operational conditions (pH 4, PS/COD ratio: 6 and reaction time: 45 min) were 48.33% and 45.83%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123527979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"mproving Gas Permeability Measurements for Environmental Monitoring and Management","authors":"T. P","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000123","url":null,"abstract":"Intrinsic permeability is a crucial parameter to interpret soil gas data recorded from monitoring stations in different environmental settings. It is also fundamental for environmental management and pollution reme diation. An improved version of a permeameter (PRM3) recently developed for environmental applications is presented and calibrated against a reference instrument (RADON - JOK produced by RADON v.o.s.). The innovations of this prototype are: i) the absence of the flow meter, and ii) a membrane pump in place of a rotary vane device. Proper calculation of the permeability from Darcy’s law is provided, as well as a modified formula for permeability determination in volcanic areas. Actually, soil gas viscosity and permeability are affected by changing gas temperature and composition. The effects of these two parameters on soil gas viscosity and permeability are also displayed. The second part of the paper shows the employ of permeability measurements in environment al monitoring. The aim of these field - works was the study of lateral and vertical variability of soil permeability at a very small scale (step of 0.25 m) and the effect of intrinsic permeability on gas transport through the soil and on gas concentration al ong depth profiles . We chose 2 different test sites: Valle della Caffarella (Roma, Italy) and Solfatara Volcano (Pozzuoli, Italy) areas. A specific protocol, designed to check any interference among permeability measurements carried out at very close dista nces demonstrated that no disturbance is occurring. Intrinsic permeability profiles resulted to be good proxy indicators for the degassing style of the two areas. In both cases, it gave important hints to interpret environmental data and help in the manage ment of the sites.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124717791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Assessment of a New Bio - Based Insulation Material","authors":"Khoukhi M","doi":"10.23880/oajwx-16000133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000133","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, the building sector is moving towards new approaches to energy - efficient design \"low energy consumption\". The development of bio - based thermal insulation materials contributes to such approaches; their implementation in the building gives a good result in a reduction of energy demand. Moreover, another beneficial environmental portion such as the reduction in the depletion of non - renewable resources and in waste generation. Using thermal insulation in the building envelope can substantially reduce the building's thermal load and consequently its energy consumption. Thermal insulation is organic or inorganic material, manufactured to reduce the propagation of the heat by a combined heat transfer (i.e., conduction, convection, and radiation). More advanced insulation materials have been recently developed. However, most of the available insulations are not eco - friendly and may require a huge amount of energy and complex manufacturing processes to be produced. Some commercialized bio - based therm al insulation materials are currently available, such as industrial fibers hemp, flax, kenaf. Also, recently some researches are conducted to develop thermal food - crop by - product insulation from palm date, pin apple leaves and rice husk. However, productio n cost and lower thermal resistance are the main correlated issues. A new cheap bio - insulation material with huge commercialization potential and environmental footprint is proposed. The main idea of running a project is to develop a new material, which is environmentally friendly insulation from grain. The early experiments of the insulation product showed a similar or even better thermal performance that could compete with common insulation materials such as polystyrene.","PeriodicalId":176565,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115660743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}