Kyung-Hwan Kim, Myung-Ho Kim, I. Son, Jae-Hwan Kim
{"title":"Breakdown properties of interpenetrating polymer networks based on epoxy/MA/PU","authors":"Kyung-Hwan Kim, Myung-Ho Kim, I. Son, Jae-Hwan Kim","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1997.634579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1997.634579","url":null,"abstract":"The series of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) based on Epoxy, MA(methacrylic acid) and PU(polyurethane) were synthesized in order to improve withstand voltage properties of epoxy resin (E, EM, EMP series). To investigate the influence of change in morphology due to change in single network polymer of the epoxy to multiple network polymer upon the properties of insulator, the authors experimented with DSC (differential scanning calorimeter), SEM (scanning electron microscope), and DC, AC and impulse voltage dielectric breakdown strength. As a result, it was confirmed that the dielectric breakdown strength is controlled by IPN method.","PeriodicalId":176239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1997 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"455 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124315862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies on corona power loss and radio interference under different electrode configurations","authors":"J. Sinha, B. Jili","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1997.641146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1997.641146","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Corona power loss and radio interference has been studied extensively all over the world but most of the studies are confined to EHV transmission systems. Very scanty information is available in the literature about power loss and radio interference due to local corona in machines and apparatus. With the widespread use of computer control and information technology, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements point towards such information. In this paper, results of an experimental study on the power loss and radio interference due to corona under different electrode configurations have been reported. Both, high voltage AC and DC has been used for the studies. Standard electrode configurations such as sphere gaps, rod-plane, rod-rod etc. has been used, keeping in view that the insulation characteristics of most of the machines and apparatus may be approximated to the characteristics of these configurations. Results for single core and co-axial electrode configuration has also been reported in the paper. In the investigation reported, an attempt has also been made to measure the ultra-sound component of the corona generated noise as well as variation of sound pressure level with distance from different electrode configurations. A comparison of the experimental observations with the analytical values has also been reported in the paper.","PeriodicalId":176239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1997 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123669779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determination of a distribution of relaxation frequencies using a combination of time and frequency dielectric spectroscopies","authors":"C. Dias","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1997.641115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1997.641115","url":null,"abstract":"Recently it has been shown that the natural scale for a distribution of relaxation frequencies is a logarithmic one, provided that there is a distribution of activation energies and that these energies are related to frequency through an Arrhenius type equation under isothermal conditions. Under those conditions a new approach to dielectric relaxation has been formulated, enabling the numerical calculation of the distribution of relaxation frequencies underlying the experimental data taken from the time and/or from the frequency domains. In this communication we try to solve the following practical problem: suppose that measurements of permittivity are performed in a certain frequency range [f/sub i/, f/sub f/] while depolarization current measurements are obtained in a given data window [t/sub i/, t/sub f/]. These experimental windows are such that there is a superposition regarding the corresponding windows of the distribution function of relaxation frequencies. We will propose a procedure to extract the overall underlying distribution of relaxation frequencies consistent with both sets of experimental data. It should be pointed out that, while using this approach, careful attention should be paid to the contribution of the conduction current to the imaginary part of dielectric constant which does not appear in a discharge current type of measurement.","PeriodicalId":176239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1997 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"7 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124462697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low molecular weight fluids in EPDM","authors":"Liwen Cao, R. Hackam","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1997.641102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1997.641102","url":null,"abstract":"Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) is widely used in outdoor insulations. The electrical performance of the polymer material is influenced by the surface hydrophobicity which in turn is affected by the presence of low molecular weight (LMW) fluids on the surface and in the bulk. In the present paper, the LMW fluid is extracted using a solvent at an elevated temperature. Analytical hexane is used to completely remove the fluid from the EPDM. The specimens are then subjected to heat at different temperatures (50, 150, 240, and 380/spl deg/C) in order to investigate the loss and generation of LMW fluid. The contact angle is measured after various treatments with view to characterizing the surface property and correlate it with the presence of LMW fluid.","PeriodicalId":176239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1997 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124527336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computation of thermal, electrical, and mechanical fields at a defect in polyethylene","authors":"J. Kuang, S. Boggs","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1997.634584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1997.634584","url":null,"abstract":"Power frequency voltage and lightning surges cause space charge formation and power dissipation at defects in high voltage systems. In the case of lightning impulses, the power dissipation can cause substantial temperature rise in the dielectric which results in mechanical stresses from space charge and non-uniform thermal expansion induced forces. Two-dimensional transient nonlinear finite element analysis has been applied to compute the space charge, power dissipation, temperature rise, and mechanical stress at a defect in XLPE.","PeriodicalId":176239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1997 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125866701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrostatic characterization of carpets using a corona triode","authors":"R. Altafim, J. Fujiwara, J. Giacometti","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1997.641143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1997.641143","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is aimed at studying the electrostatic characterization of carpet samples employing the corona triode with constant current. The technique allows electric charges to be deposited and simultaneously obtain information on the dissipation of this excess charge in the sample. Preliminary results show that it is possible to determine the electric resistance and capacitance of the sample. From these data the relaxation time of the sample was estimated. Further details on the charging process are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":176239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1997 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128514379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study of cathode-directed positive streamers in air by streamer current and luminosity measurements","authors":"Lan Gao, V. Cooray, R. Thottappillil, V. Scuka","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1997.641142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1997.641142","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental set-up with a quasi-uniform DC electric field distribution between two plane parallel electrodes has been constructed to investigate the cathode-directed positive streamers in air. Measurements of the streamer currents on both sides of the electrode gap have been performed and analysed. The propagation characteristics of a streamer initiated from a point on the anode and reaching the cathode have been obtained. The average streamer velocity is determined from the streamer current diagrams and the luminosity oscillograms using fiber optical measurements. The streamer velocity has been found to be linearly dependent on the DC electric field of the gap. The ratio of the amplitudes of the streamer currents on both sides of the electrode gap is also dependent on the average DC electric field of the gap. The magnitude of the DC electric field sustaining a streamer keeping the same current amplitude while propagating in the gap is found to be 430 kV/m. Comparison is made with previously published works.","PeriodicalId":176239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1997 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128168662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Charge storage in APCVD silicon nitride","authors":"H. Amjadi, G. Sessler","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1997.634559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1997.634559","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon nitride is widely used as a dielectric in semiconductor devices or as membrane material in micromachined sensors and actuators. In this paper, preliminary results on investigations of silicon nitride as an electret material are presented. 300 nm layers of Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ were prepared by chemical vapor deposition at atmospheric pressure (APCVD) on silicon wafers of 5 cm diameter at 900/spl deg/C. The samples were charged positively and negatively by a point to grid corona apparatus. A charge density of up to /spl plusmn/1 /spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/, depending on the charging polarity, could be achieved. The charge stability was observed by isothermal charge decay at room temperature and at 300/spl deg/C. Open circuit TSC measurements after different charging steps were carried out and show discharge current peaks at temperatures around 410/spl deg/C for negatively charged samples.","PeriodicalId":176239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1997 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127117648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ismailoğlu, O. Kalenderli, M. Ozkaya, I. Gonenc
{"title":"Breakdown in compressed N/sub 2/ under impulse voltages","authors":"H. Ismailoğlu, O. Kalenderli, M. Ozkaya, I. Gonenc","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1997.641147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1997.641147","url":null,"abstract":"Breakdown strength of N/sub 2/ under standard lightning impulse voltages in non-uniform field was experimentally investigated. The experiments were carried out with sphere-plane electrode system with protrusion and without protrusion. The electrode gap spacing and the relative gas pressure were varied within the range of 5 mm to 25 mm and of 0 bar to 4 bars, respectively. At each pressure and gap spacing, impulse breakdown voltages for both negative and positive polarities were measured. The 50% breakdown values were obtained using the least squares. Breakdown voltage of N/sub 2/ increases either with an increasing gap spacing and/or with an increasing gas pressure. Breakdown voltages of N/sub 2/ in used electrode system under positive impulses, were higher than those of under negative impulses at small gap spacing; but much lower at greater gap spacing. In the experiments, breakdown voltages of sphere-plane with protrusion electrode system were found to be higher than those of sphere-plane electrode system under both polarities.","PeriodicalId":176239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1997 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122367975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prebreakdown and breakdown characteristics of micrometric vacuum gaps between broad area electrodes","authors":"Xianyun Ma, M. McLester, T. Sudarshan","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1997.641141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1997.641141","url":null,"abstract":"The DC prebreakdown and breakdown characteristics of micrometric gaps varying from 25 to 1000 /spl mu/m, between highly polished 2 cm-diameter sphere electrodes, were extensively investigated at /spl sim/10/sup -5/ Torr. The I-V characteristics of the above gaps obey Fowler-Nordheim behaviour confirming that the prebreakdown conduction was dominated by high field electron emission. The breakdown voltage derived from the prebreakdown data took the form of the power relation of gap distance as V/sub h/=Kd/sup /spl alpha//. The breakdown strength of a 50 /spl mu/m gap was as high as 220 V//spl mu/m, which is the highest value reported in literature for broad area electrodes. The breakdown strength decreases as the gap distance increases, with a 1000 /spl mu/m gap breaking down at 44.5 V//spl mu/m. Results of this work are valuable for the design of vacuum gaps in Field Emission Displays.","PeriodicalId":176239,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1997 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122377652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}