Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care最新文献

{"title":"Sepsis in Dogs and Cats—Consensus Definition and Clinical Criteria","authors":"Robert Goggs,&nbsp;Stefano Cortellini,&nbsp;Amy E. DeClue,&nbsp;Massimo Giunti,&nbsp;Kate Hopper,&nbsp;Julie M. Menard,&nbsp;Rodrigo C. Rabelo,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Rozanski,&nbsp;Claire R. Sharp,&nbsp;Deborah C. Silverstein,&nbsp;Virginia Sinnott-Stutzman,&nbsp;Giacomo Stanzani,&nbsp;John Bourgeois,&nbsp;Erik Fausak","doi":"10.1111/vec.70129","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sepsis is the clinical syndrome that results from the host response to severe or widespread infection and is a frequent cause of death in veterinary critical care settings. Rapid diagnosis aids early treatment initiation, and hence, how sepsis is defined and identified clinically has implications for patient outcomes. Recent changes in the definitions of sepsis in human adult and pediatric patients have reduced the alignment of veterinary sepsis definitions with those in human medicine. We defined sepsis in cats and dogs by consensus and systematically reviewed the veterinary evidence to make recommendations for clinical identification of sepsis in small animals. We define sepsis as the life-threatening syndrome associated with a dysregulated host response to infection, resulting in organ dysfunction. We recommend that, in dogs and cats with infection, identification of organ dysfunction is required for the diagnosis of sepsis. We recommend that a formal illness severity assessment be performed using validated, structured scores and that measurements of the requisite physiological and laboratory parameters be undertaken to enable identification of organ dysfunction or score calculation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"36 4","pages":"445-469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.70129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality Improvement: Evaluation of Team Communication Openness in Specialty and Emergency Veterinarians Who Regularly Use Communication Tools","authors":"Richard H. Stone,&nbsp;Jennifer A. Adler,&nbsp;Melinda J. Larson,&nbsp;Lenore M. Bacek,&nbsp;Michael A. Rosen,&nbsp;Rochelle M. Low,&nbsp;Yea-Jen Hsu,&nbsp;Albert W. Wu","doi":"10.1111/vec.70134","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine whether the regular use of structured communication tools is associated with greater communication openness among small animal specialty practitioners and emergency providers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional, anonymous, and voluntary survey of veterinary providers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Participants</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two hundred forty-seven survey responses were received across three specialty veterinary college email listservs, including the American College of Veterinary Surgeons, the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, and the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Descriptive statistics were used to determine respondents’ awareness and use of communication tools, as well as perceptions of team communication openness. Most respondents (<i>n</i> = 201 [85.9%]) were unaware of Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS). Less than one-third (<i>n</i> = 72 [30.8%]) reported that they or one of their colleagues had undergone formal training to enhance teamwork and communication in the hospital. Despite not being aware of specific TeamSTEPPS communication tools when referred to by name, many reported the use of communication tools when descriptions were provided. The call out, Situation–Background–Assessment–Response (or similar method), and handoff were the most commonly used communication tools. The debrief and huddle were the least frequently used at a regular interval. The check back and brief were variable in their frequency of use. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis of communication tool utilization and communication openness found that frequent use of structured communication tools was associated with respondents reporting greater team communication openness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Awareness of specific TeamSTEPPS communication tools was low among specialty and emergency veterinarian respondents; however, many respondents reported consistent use of analogous structured communication techniques. Frequent use of structured communication tools was associated with communication openness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"36 4","pages":"503-514"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.70134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148564021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Fibrinolysis by Thromboelastography in Dogs With Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusion","authors":"Margot R. Ehrlich,&nbsp;Ian M. DeStefano,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Rozanski,&nbsp;Scott Taylor,&nbsp;Armelle M. de Laforcade,&nbsp;Claire R. Sharp,&nbsp;John E. Rush","doi":"10.1111/vec.70147","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70147","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate dogs presenting with hemorrhagic pericardial effusion (PCE) for the presence of hyperfibrinolysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective observational study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Single veterinary teaching hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with PCE had blood samples collected before pericardiocentesis for PCV, total plasma protein and blood lactate concentrations, venous blood gas, and thromboelastography modified with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA-TEG). Fibrinolysis was assessed on tPA-TEG using the percentage of clot lysis at 30 min (LY30) after maximum clot strength (MA). Hyperfibrinolysis was defined as an LY30 of ≥20%. LY30 values were compared with values from a cohort of healthy dogs. Most dogs with PCE (14/16 [87.5%]) were hyperfibrinolytic, whereas no control dogs had hyperfibrinolysis. The median LY30 for dogs with PCE (51.5%, range: 3.0%–77.6%) was significantly higher than that of control dogs (1.3%, range: 0.0%–5.8%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with dogs that are healthy, dogs with hemorrhagic PCE are hyperfibrinolytic as assessed by LY30 on tPA-TEG. Given that dogs with hemorrhagic PCE may experience ongoing hemorrhage after pericardiocentesis, further investigation into the use of antifibrinolytic medications in these patients is warranted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"36 4","pages":"498-502"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Characterization of Clot Waveform Analysis in Canine Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia Using the Turbidimetric ACL-TOP 300 Analyzer (2018–2022): 35 Cases","authors":"Leah G. Richter,&nbsp;Tasia M. Ludwik,&nbsp;Angela D. Gwynn,&nbsp;Aaron Rendahl,&nbsp;Jeffrey M. Todd","doi":"10.1111/vec.70145","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To characterize clot waveform analysis (CWA) parameters (delta and derivative values), alongside standard coagulation parameters (prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT], and fibrinogen) in dogs diagnosed with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) using a turbidimetric optical clot detection-based analyzer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study from January 2018 to October 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University teaching hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-five client-owned dogs diagnosed with IMHA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CWA parameters were characterized by an increased PT delta in 35 of 35 dogs with IMHA (100%) and an increased PT first derivative, aPTT delta, and aPTT second derivative in 34 of 35 (97.1%). Compared with healthy controls, the PT was prolonged and the fibrinogen concentration was increased in most of the IMHA cohort, while the aPTT fell within the reference interval. Of the 18 patients that had D-dimers performed, 17 (94.4%) measured above the reference interval.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CWA of patients with IMHA revealed increased parameters compared with the reference intervals, consistent with a hypercoagulable state. This measurement may be helpful in identifying patients that may benefit from antithrombotic therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"36 4","pages":"515-522"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148708858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Evaluation of Acid–Base Disorders in Dogs With Hyperlactatemia Using Traditional and Semiquantitative Analysis: 3866 Cases","authors":"Laurence M. Saint-Pierre,&nbsp;Steven E. Epstein,&nbsp;Kate Hopper","doi":"10.1111/vec.70148","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To characterize acid–base disorders in dogs with hyperlactatemia via traditional and semiquantitative approaches, and to investigate the mechanisms of hyperlactatemia and the prognostic significance of metabolic acidosis in these patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University teaching hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 3866 dogs with various diseases and a plasma lactate concentration &gt;2 mmol/L at any timepoint during hospitalization underwent traditional acid–base analysis. Among these patients, 1755 dogs had data available for semiquantitative acid–base evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The most common disease associated with hyperlactatemia was gastrointestinal disorders in 1232 of 3866 dogs (29.3%), and the most common mechanism of hyperlactatemia was circulatory shock in 741 (19.1%). The traditional approach identified acid–base abnormalities in 2586 dogs (66.9%), with the most common being primary respiratory acidosis in 609 (15.7%). When considering both primary and mixed disorders, metabolic acidosis was present in 1452 patients (37.5%). When excluding the lactate effect, the semiquantitative approach identified concurrent acidifying and alkalinizing effects in 1241 of 1755 dogs (70.7%). Unmeasured anions, determined via semiquantitative analysis, were the most frequent acidifying effect in 775 dogs (44.1%). Metabolic acidosis, whether primary or as part of a mixed disorder, was associated with increased mortality (682/1452 [46.9%]) compared with patients without metabolic acidosis (479/2414 [19.8%]) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Similarly, type A hyperlactatemia was associated with higher mortality (374/717 [52.5%]) than type B (227/746 [30.4%]) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acid–base disorders in dogs with hyperlactatemia were frequent and complex, with both acidifying and alkalizing processes often occurring simultaneously. The semiquantitative approach might be a valuable tool to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of metabolic acid–base disorders in these patients. The presence of metabolic acidosis was most frequent in dogs with type A hyperlactatemia and was associated with higher mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"36 4","pages":"523-532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148759829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Correlation of Arterial and Venous Lactate and Glucose Concentrations in Anesthetized Critically Ill Dogs","authors":"Francesca Tirillini,&nbsp;Hilde de Rooster,&nbsp;Ingeborgh Polis,&nbsp;Nausikaa Devriendt","doi":"10.1111/vec.70141","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the correlation between arterial and venous concentrations of lactate and glucose and to explore the relationship between hyperlactatemia and hyperglycemia in critically ill dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective clinical study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University veterinary teaching hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ninety client-owned dogs presenting for emergency surgery between June 2015 and March 2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>None.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Arterial and venous blood samples were collected from the dorsal pedal artery and jugular vein, respectively, ≤5 min apart to measure lactate and glucose concentrations with portable devices. Dogs with known diabetes mellitus were excluded. Based on arterial blood, 35 of 90 dogs (38.9%) were hyperlactatemic, 49 (54.4%) were hyperglycemic, and 9 (10.0%) were hypoglycemic. Based on venous blood, 41 of 90 dogs (45.6%) were hyperlactatemic, 46 (51.1%) were hyperglycemic, and 8 (8.9%) were hypoglycemic. A very strong correlation was found between arterial and venous lactate and glucose concentrations (<i>ρ</i> = 0.850; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.766–0.905; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 and <i>ρ</i> = 0.970; 95% CI: 0.950–0.982; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, respectively). In dogs with arterial hyperlactatemia, a very strong correlation was found between arterial and venous samples (<i>ρ</i> = 0.835; 95% CI: 0.683–0.918; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), whereas the correlation was fair in normolactatemic dogs (<i>ρ</i> = 0.488; 95% CI: 0.224–0.685; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of venous lactate to detect arterial hyperlactatemia were 81.8% and 88.6%, respectively. No correlation was found between arterial lactate and glucose concentrations (<i>ρ</i> = −0.57; 95% CI: −0.261 to −0.152; <i>p</i> = 0.593).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Venous lactate and glucose concentrations correlated well with arterial values; however, hyperlactatemia was not correlated with hyperglycemia. Venous blood sampling offers a practical and reliable method for assessing lactate and glucose concentrations in critically ill dogs, reducing the need for arterial sampling in emergency situations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"36 4","pages":"489-497"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Gastrointestinal Disease in a Dog Presenting With Hypoadrenocorticism-Like Electrolyte Derangements Due to Protothecosis","authors":"Rachel G. Angles,&nbsp;Courtney M. Peck,&nbsp;Pamela Mouser,&nbsp;Patty Ewing,&nbsp;Daniela Ackley","doi":"10.1111/vec.70136","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe systemic protothecosis as a novel differential for hypoadrenocorticism-like clinicopathologic findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 3-year-old neutered female Labrador Retriever was evaluated for an episode of acute lethargy, hyporexia, and ataxia. The dog had a prior history of chronic gastrointestinal signs with no underlying cause determined. On presentation, the dog had several clinicopathologic changes similar to those seen in cases of hypoadrenocorticism, most notably a severe hyperkalemia and hyponatremia, with a sodium-to-potassium ratio of &lt;14:1. A diagnosis of <i>Prototheca bovis</i> infection was made based on the histopathology of endoscopic biopsies and confirmatory polymerase chain reaction. The dog initially had a positive response to treatment with oral antifungals but was later euthanized due to the progression of ophthalmologic and neurologic signs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> New or Unique Information Provided</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on a literature search and to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time canine protothecosis has been associated with severe hyperkalemia and one of only a few reports of gastrointestinal disease resulting in severe hyperkalemia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"36 4","pages":"557-566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148686986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Electrolyte Changes in Foals Receiving Rhodococcus equi–Specific Hyperimmune Plasma","authors":"Diego S. Larriva,&nbsp;Luis G. Arroyo,&nbsp;Brandon N. Lillie,&nbsp;Macarena G. Sanz","doi":"10.1111/vec.70131","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Rhodococcus equi</i>–specific hyperimmune plasma (Re-HIP) is routinely administered to neonatal foals to help prevent rhodococcal pneumonia. In addition to pathogen-specific immunoglobulins, frozen plasma products (FPPs) contain electrolytes that may exceed concentrations found in neonatal foal plasma. Because FPPs are also used to treat failure of passive transfer and sepsis, understanding their effects on neonate homeostasis is crucial. This study evaluated the effects of administration of Re-HIP on the serum concentrations of Na⁺, Cl⁻, K⁺, albumin, and globulin of healthy neonatal foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Key Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The concentration of Na⁺ was high in Re-HIP when compared with normal plasma values. Administration of Re-HIP resulted in an increase in serum Na⁺, Cl⁻, albumin, and globulin concentrations in neonatal foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The serum electrolyte changes seen after Re-HIP administration were likely of no clinical significance in healthy foals. However, the administration of hypernatremic plasma to septic or dehydrated foals could exacerbate electrolyte imbalances. These results suggest that caution and close monitoring are warranted when administering FPPs to critically ill foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"36 4","pages":"571-574"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.70131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148439290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presumptive Acute Post-Hypoxic Myoclonus Following Return of Spontaneous Circulation in a Cat and a Dog","authors":"Theofanis Liatis,&nbsp;Alison Robertson,&nbsp;Alberta De Stefani","doi":"10.1111/vec.70140","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the clinical presentation of presumptive acute post-hypoxic myoclonus in a cat and a dog after cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). In people, acute post-hypoxic myoclonus is a transient focal, multifocal, or generalized rhythmic myoclonus that results from global hypoxic–ischemic brain injury and may be cortical or subcortical in origin, specifically brainstem-generated. Post-hypoxic myoclonus typically presents within 48 h of CPA while the patient is still comatose. Although this neurologic sign has historically been associated with a poorer prognosis, recent studies suggest that evaluation of its clinical characterization in conjunction with electroencephalographic features should be considered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Series Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We describe the cases of one cat and one dog that suffered CPA, underwent CPR, and experienced return of spontaneous circulation. Both cases developed presumed acute post-hypoxic myoclonus within 24 h of resuscitation, did not respond to antiseizure and sedative drugs, and were subsequently euthanized.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> New or Unique Information Provided</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acute post-hypoxic myoclonus can occur in cats and dogs after CPA and successful resuscitation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"36 4","pages":"545-550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.70140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148594852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated With Corneal Ulceration in Horses: 420 Cases (2020–2023)","authors":"Valeria Adamchick Galindo,&nbsp;Langdon Fielding","doi":"10.1111/vec.70149","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vec.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate how environmental and other risk factors are associated with the prevalence of corneal ulceration in horses presenting to equine emergency veterinarians in the Western United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study conducted from May 2020 to November 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Equine field and hospital practice in the Western United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four hundred twenty horses with corneal ulceration, confirmed by clinical examination and fluorescein staining, of any underlying cause.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interventions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>None.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Measurements and Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The primary study outcomes were the association between environmental factors (wind speed, temperature, dew point) and corneal ulceration, as well as factors associated with the need for enucleation. Using a Poisson regression model, increased average wind speed (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and increased average temperature (<i>p</i> = 0.08) were associated with higher rates of corneal ulceration. Male horses were more likely to develop ulcers (<i>p</i> = 0.004) compared with females. Older age (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), deeper ulcers (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), and involvement of the left eye (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) were associated with an increased risk for enucleation. The presence of uveitis was also associated with the need for enucleation (<i>p</i> = 0.002).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Equine emergency veterinarians should be aware that both wind speed and increasing temperatures are associated with corneal ulceration in the Western United States. Enucleation in horses with corneal ulcers is associated with increasing age, uveitis, and increasing depth of the ulcer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17603,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care","volume":"36 4","pages":"533-537"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vec.70149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}