Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society最新文献

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Awards of the khudadad sarkar: medals from Tipu Sultan's Mysore khudadad sarkar奖:来自提普苏丹迈索尔的奖章
IF 0.3 4区 社会学
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1356186322000165
A. Rashid, Nidhin Olikara
{"title":"Awards of the khudadad sarkar: medals from Tipu Sultan's Mysore","authors":"A. Rashid, Nidhin Olikara","doi":"10.1017/S1356186322000165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1356186322000165","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The collection of the Asiatic Society, Calcutta, preserves a manuscript titled Risala-i-Padakah which was formerly in the library of the ruler of Mysore, Tipu Sultan (d. 1799). This manuscript has descriptions of medals with drawings illustrating their forms. We investigate the design of these medals and assert that Tipu Sultan understood the importance of rewarding his loyal subordinates with medals, thus transferring his authority down to them. The ‘People's Medals’ given to non-combatants, a novel award for those times, are also covered here in detail. We show that some of these medals, reflecting Deccan jewellery traditions, were actually awarded by Tipu Sultan himself to his men, who wore them; and we draw attention to the plunder of these medals, along with other treasures, during the sack of Seringapatam. The authors also view this as a demonstration of Tipu Sultan's regard for loyalty, rank, as well as good governance in opposition to estimates of him by contemporary British biographers. This article is the first documentation of these medals, which were the earliest to be awarded by any state in pre-modern India.","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"555 - 588"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42641996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Yazd to Bombay—Ardeshir Mehrabān ‘Irani’ and the rise of Persia's nineteenth-century Zoroastrian merchants 从亚兹德到孟买——Ardeshir Mehrabān‘Irani’与波斯十九世纪琐罗亚斯德教商人的崛起
IF 0.3 4区 社会学
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1017/s1356186322000633
Nasser Mohajer, K. Yazdani
{"title":"From Yazd to Bombay—Ardeshir Mehrabān ‘Irani’ and the rise of Persia's nineteenth-century Zoroastrian merchants","authors":"Nasser Mohajer, K. Yazdani","doi":"10.1017/s1356186322000633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186322000633","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article begins by surveying the commercial structure of nineteenth-century Yazd, centring on the economic activities of its Zoroastrian inhabitants. Next, we examine the house of Mehrabān, arguing that they were intermediate figures in Persia's transition from a pre-capitalist to an inchoate capitalist mode of production. Throughout the mid- to late nineteenth century, the Mehrabāns were significant socio-economic players and precursors for later generations of prosperous, worldly Iranian Zoroastrians. Ardeshir in particular epitomised the gradual emergence of an Iranian bourgeoisie in the urban centres of Persia, specifically Yazd. Concurrently, the rise of prominent members of the Mehrabān family was intimately related to their education, ‘cultural capital’, socio-economic connections, and business ventures in Bombay as well as their constantly developing political clout in Persia and India.","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43491974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Immodest flirt or competent governor: translating gender in colonial and post-colonial South Asian historiography 最愚蠢的调情者还是称职的州长:殖民地和后殖民地南亚史学中的性别翻译
IF 0.3 4区 社会学
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pub Date : 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.1017/S1356186322000190
Neelam Khoja
{"title":"Immodest flirt or competent governor: translating gender in colonial and post-colonial South Asian historiography","authors":"Neelam Khoja","doi":"10.1017/S1356186322000190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1356186322000190","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines how an eighteenth-century woman, Mughlani Begum, is depicted in the most informative contemporary Persian auto/biography and how the descriptions, anecdotes, and analysis of her life contained therein, including the brief period she was Punjab's governor, changed as the primary source was translated into or summarised in English. The original Persian and colonial English translations and histories are read alongside an Urdu history of the Punjab, which begs the question: why was the life of a female governor reduced to that of an ‘immodest flirt’ in English sources, while her identity is incredibly nuanced in Persian and Urdu sources? Indeed, post-colonial historians writing in English rarely reference Persian originals: hence, they reproduce what colonial-period English writers before them said, and they completely ignore Urdu histories. While it is nearly impossible to understand the reasons why historians writing in English choose to depict Mughlani Begum in such a flattened way, we can be more critical of our readings of histories written in English, especially when original accounts are available. This article argues for consideration of how transmission of knowledge, language politics, and gender biases inflect historiography and misrepresent historical events and people of the Punjab—especially women.","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"369 - 387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43767330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Arabians for guns: Wahhabi matchlocks, world trade, and the rise of the first Saudi state 阿拉伯人的枪支:瓦哈比火绳枪,世界贸易,以及第一个沙特国家的崛起
IF 0.3 4区 社会学
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.1017/S1356186322000219
Leor Halevi
{"title":"Arabians for guns: Wahhabi matchlocks, world trade, and the rise of the first Saudi state","authors":"Leor Halevi","doi":"10.1017/S1356186322000219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1356186322000219","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Historical explanations of the rise and expansion of the first Saudi state have given Wahhabism pride of place. Principally, they have dwelt on religion and ideology, emphasising the role of the eighteenth-century theologian Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb and arguing that his charisma, puritanical zeal, exclusivist approach to monotheistic worship, or neo-orthodox reform programme inspired a series of consequential political and military actions, beginning with the foundation of a theocratic emirate in Dirʿiyya and culminating in the conquest of much of Arabia. However much Wahhabi doctrines might have motivated warfare and state expansion, this article contends that the rise of the Saudi state depended on the spread of a new weapon—the matchlock gun. It considers the significance of firearms in regional warfare and, after making the case that they were likely to have been imported, builds up the revisionist argument that Najd had significant connections to world trade.","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"401 - 442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42926833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rivers of the Sultan: The Tigris and Euphrates in the Ottoman Empire By Faisal H. Husain. x, 264 pp. New York, Oxford University Press, 2021. 《苏丹河:奥斯曼帝国的底格里斯河和幼发拉底河》,费萨尔·H·侯赛因著。x、 264页,纽约,牛津大学出版社,2021年。
IF 0.3 4区 社会学
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1017/S1356186322000438
Hümeyra Bostan-Berber
{"title":"Rivers of the Sultan: The Tigris and Euphrates in the Ottoman Empire By Faisal H. Husain. x, 264 pp. New York, Oxford University Press, 2021.","authors":"Hümeyra Bostan-Berber","doi":"10.1017/S1356186322000438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1356186322000438","url":null,"abstract":"In Rivers of the Sultan: The Tigris and Euphrates in the Ottoman Empire","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"550 - 552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45418298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Physician on the Nile: A Description of Egypt and Journal of the Famine Years By ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baghdādī. Edited and translated by Tim Mackintosh-Smith. xliv, 256 pp. New York, Library of Arabic Literature, New York University Press, 2021. 尼罗河上的医生:埃及的描述和饥荒年代的日志,作者:阿卜杜拉al-Laṭīf al-Baghdādī。蒂姆·麦金托什-史密斯编辑和翻译。xliv, 256页。纽约,阿拉伯文学图书馆,纽约大学出版社,2021年。
IF 0.3 4区 社会学
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1017/s1356186322000426
A. Sabra
{"title":"A Physician on the Nile: A Description of Egypt and Journal of the Famine Years By ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baghdādī. Edited and translated by Tim Mackintosh-Smith. xliv, 256 pp. New York, Library of Arabic Literature, New York University Press, 2021.","authors":"A. Sabra","doi":"10.1017/s1356186322000426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186322000426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"789 - 791"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44505857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
JRA volume 33 issue 1 Cover and Back matter JRA第33卷第1期封面和封底
IF 0.3 4区 社会学
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s1356186323000020
{"title":"JRA volume 33 issue 1 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s1356186323000020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186323000020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"b1 - b4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43939971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
JRA volume 33 issue 1 Cover and Front matter JRA第33卷第1期封面和封面
IF 0.3 4区 社会学
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s1356186323000019
{"title":"JRA volume 33 issue 1 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s1356186323000019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1356186323000019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":" ","pages":"f1 - f3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48287697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The history of the K-suffix -ū in Shirazi Shirazi中K后缀-ā的历史
IF 0.3 4区 社会学
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.1017/S1356186322000323
Maryam Nourzaei
{"title":"The history of the K-suffix -ū in Shirazi","authors":"Maryam Nourzaei","doi":"10.1017/S1356186322000323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1356186322000323","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article investigates the use and frequency of what I refer to as the K-suffixes -ō/-ū/-o in the Shirazi dialects, namely, Old and Modern Shirazi. It shows that the use of K-suffixes as definiteness markers is more highly developed in Modern Shirazi than in Old Shirazi. In Old Shirazi, the K-suffix, with its original evaluative meaning, demonstrated some degree of multi-functionality. This has mostly been lost in Modern Shirazi, and the suffix is now used to express definiteness. The high frequency of use of the K-suffix appears to be independent of genre, speaker, and speech setting. Data from a corpus of written texts in Old Shirazi, mainly comprised of poems, are quantitatively analysed, along with data from a corpus of spoken Shirazi narratives and data from a questionnaire answered by ten speakers. The results show that an evaluative suffix can develop into a definiteness marker by passing through a stage of combination with deictic markers, which paves the way for extending the use of the K-suffix to include non-deictic anaphoric tracking. This article concludes that the development of definiteness marking can proceed down a pathway that is distinct from the one normally assumed for demonstrative-based definiteness marking, even if the endpoint may be similar. The detailed documentation of this process presented here is a further contribution to Iranian studies, and augments the small group of well-documented cases of a non-demonstrative origin of definiteness marking cross-linguistically.","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"589 - 626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46592929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Was the VOC funding Mozart? The diaries of Wilhelm Buschman on Kharg Island VOC资助了莫扎特吗?威廉·布施曼在哈格岛的日记
IF 0.3 4区 社会学
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.1017/s135618632200030x
Stephen Martin
{"title":"Was the VOC funding Mozart? The diaries of Wilhelm Buschman on Kharg Island","authors":"Stephen Martin","doi":"10.1017/s135618632200030x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s135618632200030x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article considers the evidence for the business practices, goods traded, and accounts of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) upper merchant, Wilhelm Buschman, on Kharg Island in the Persian Gulf during the 1760s. Previous scholarship indicates that his widow, Anna Maria Pack, had a large inheritance, acquired on her death by her second husband, the VOC surgeon Ferdinand Dejean, who commissioned most of Mozart's flute works. A historical audit of Buschman's reports in this article reveals that the existence and source of most of that wealth was hidden from the official diaries which Buschman sent to the VOC headquarters in Batavia, on Java. The dwindling profits of the VOC, at a time of military turbulence involving Mir Mohanna, do not support Buschman's money originating from bribes even factoring in rake-offs. There is, however, evidence for a private, ring-fenced pearl trade on Kharg, which provides a good explanation. Pearls were not just jewels, but an ideal cryptocurrency for concealing, storing, selling, or shifting private wealth. The findings substantiate that it was possible for the VOC to lose out hugely to private enterprise, which was part of the culture among senior merchants. That wealth could do intercontinental economic damage. Occasionally, it was put to lasting good use.","PeriodicalId":17566,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"489 - 511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43008747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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