Xiaosong Tian , Shiyu Chu , Yujie Hu , Longzao Luo , Xiaoai Lin , Hui Wang
{"title":"Removal of heavy metals from single- and multi-metal solution by magnetic microalgae-derived biochar","authors":"Xiaosong Tian , Shiyu Chu , Yujie Hu , Longzao Luo , Xiaoai Lin , Hui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic microalgae-derived biochar (MMBC) is an attractive adsorbent material for the removal of heavy metals (HMs) from wastewater. This study explored removal of single and multiple HMs by MMBC derived from microalgae biomass cultivated in piggery digestate. Results showed that the MMBC prepared with algae powder to K<sub>2</sub>FeO<sub>4</sub> mixing ratio of 1:4 at 200 °C (MMBC200<sub>1:4</sub>) exhibited excellent adsorption capabilities for HMs. The adsorption capacity of the five HMs increased with pH ≤ 5.0, beyond which precipitation phenomena occurred successively for each HM. In a multi-metal solution, the adsorption capacity for each HM was lower compared to single-metal solutions due to competitive interactions among the HMs. However, the overall adsorption capacity for the mixture of HMs was not significantly affected. The adsorption kinetics followed pseudo-first-order for single metals and pseudo-second-order for multi-metals. The adsorption isotherms of the five HMs followed the Langmuir and Freundlich models, respectively. The magnetic properties of the adsorbed MMBC facilitate easy separation and regeneration. The main mechanisms for the adsorption of HMs by MMBC include physical adsorption, complexation with oxygen functional groups, and cation–π interactions. This research highlights the effectiveness of microalgal biochar in removing HMs from wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 106622"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gauri Shukla , Manviri Rani , Uma Shanker , Omirserik Baigenzhenov , Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei
{"title":"Recent advances and prospects on the r-GO incorporated metal oxide semiconductors for enhanced photo-adsorptive abatement of toxic wastewater pollutants","authors":"Gauri Shukla , Manviri Rani , Uma Shanker , Omirserik Baigenzhenov , Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various toxic pollutants such as dyes, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), substituted phenols, and pharmaceutical waste were discharged into the water bodies and impose serious health hazards to humans as well as to the environment. Therefore, it is crucial to identify sustainable treatment methods for the removal of these harmful pollutants. The reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) based composites have demonstrated improved strength, durability, flexibility, resistance to heat, UV radiation, fire, and electrical and thermal conductivity. Therefore, function as an efficient electron acceptor, enhancing photo induced charge transfer, impeding charge carrier recombination, boosting photocatalytic activity and increasing specific surface area for photocatalytic degradation and adsorption of wastewater pollutants. This review article summarizes the unique properties and green synthesis of r-GO based engineered nanomaterials to lessen toxic organic wastewater pollutants along with their environmental risk assessment for understanding the urgent need for their removal. The previous research and study in this enormous field has been evaluated scientifically and analyzed for finding research gaps. Photocatalysis, an eco-friendly and sustainable method was assessed as an effective method with detailed mechanism by employing solar-activated synthetic nanocomposite of r-GO@metal oxides (CaO, ZnO, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, SnO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, MgO) with characteristics of low-cost, fast, and efficient for improved adsorption and degradation. This research further assesses degradation routes for various toxic pollutants and active species involved in breakdown into safer metabolites along with the sustainability of r-GO based composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 106630"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chao-Ping Hou , Qiang Wang , Qi Liu , Zhi-Guang Li , Chang-Liang Ke , Xu-Feng Wang , Ke Huang
{"title":"Review: Development and application of porous materials to antibiotic drug adsorption and removal","authors":"Chao-Ping Hou , Qiang Wang , Qi Liu , Zhi-Guang Li , Chang-Liang Ke , Xu-Feng Wang , Ke Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The misuse of antibiotics resulted in their release into the environment and food chain, leading to environmental pollution and posing a threat to human health. Porous adsorption materials possessed characteristics such as a large specific surface area, high porosity, easy surface modification and novel functionality, which had demonstrated excellent efficacy in removing antibiotics. Adsorption, as a crucial technology for concentrating residual drugs in the environment and food substrates, has garnered significant attention from researchers in recent years. This review provided an overview of the performances of various porous materials (including carbon-based materials, organic porous materials, organic porous polymers, biopolymers, gel materials, composite materials and membrane technologies) as adsorbents for antibiotics removal. It also discussed factors influencing adsorption effectiveness (such as pH, initial concentration of antibiotics, temperature), adsorption mechanisms and the current application and research progress in antibiotic adsorption. Finally, the future research directions and trends were proposed along with suggestions for future research needs. The review offered valuable insights for future studies on isolating, enriching, adsorbing and removing prohibited or restricted antibiotic drugs from environmental samples, water sources, animal-derived foods and biological samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 106583"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeynep Mine Şenol , Noureddine El Messaoudi , Youssef Miyah , Jordana Georgin , Dison Stracke Pfingsten Franco , Emine Sena Kazan-Kaya , Zeynep Ciğeroğlu , Amane Jada
{"title":"A critical and comprehensive review of the removal of thorium ions from wastewater: Advances and future perspectives","authors":"Zeynep Mine Şenol , Noureddine El Messaoudi , Youssef Miyah , Jordana Georgin , Dison Stracke Pfingsten Franco , Emine Sena Kazan-Kaya , Zeynep Ciğeroğlu , Amane Jada","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review article critically evaluates recent developments in removing thorium (Th) ions from wastewater and discusses future perspectives. Moreover, it is imperative to develop effective and sustainable techniques for removing Th due to the significant environmental and health risks its contamination produces. This review is done to understand the recent technologies and strategies developed for the removal of Th ions from wastewater and to evaluate their efficiency, feasibility, and environmental friendliness. Removal of Th ions from wastewater is an urgent issue due to the radiotoxicity and chemical toxicity of Th. This review may facilitate a broad understanding of the advances in various methods used for the removal of thorium ions through adsorption, ion exchange, membrane technologies, and bioremediation. Again, the article tries to spotlight the problems or gray areas associated with the different techniques developed so far, thereby suggesting scopes for future research and improvement. It is hoped that this review can successfully guide the development of new and more powerful approaches to mitigating Th contamination in wastewater by synthesizing leading-edge research findings and advances for better environmental protection and public health safety. It is of critical importance to protect the environment and human health from the toxic effects of radioactive thorium mixed into life-threatening wastewater. Because a clean environment means a more livable world left to future generations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 106587"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Nithya Priya , M. Rajkumar , V. Rajendran , J. Mobika , S.P. Linto Sibi , B. Veena , V. Vijayalakshmi , P. Ahila
{"title":"Sustainable selenium ions adsorption of cyclodextrin and cellulose functionalized layered double hydroxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites","authors":"V. Nithya Priya , M. Rajkumar , V. Rajendran , J. Mobika , S.P. Linto Sibi , B. Veena , V. Vijayalakshmi , P. Ahila","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we synthesized the β-Cyclodextrin (CD) and Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CC) functionalized LDH/rGO nanocomposites for the efficient uptake of selenium ions at a neutral pH. The surface morphology and physical properties of the nanocomposites were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDAX), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and N<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption analysis. Equilibrium adsorption experiments were carried out to optimize crucial parameters such as contact time (60–360 min), adsorbent dosage (0.01–0.1 g/L), and pH (2−11) for efficient selenium ion removal. Kinetic and isotherm studies were conducted to analyze the sorption performance of the nanocomposites. The Langmuir isotherm model provided an excellent fit for the adsorption data (R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.99), confirming the monolayer adsorption of selenium ions on the adsorbent surface. The maximum adsorption capacity of CC and CD composites was calculated for Se (IV) adsorption as 248.75 mg g<sup>−1</sup> and 275.48 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, for Se (VI) adsorption as 153.37 mg g<sup>−1</sup> and 169.64 mg g<sup>−1</sup>. Additionally, adsorption kinetics was assessed using the pseudo-second-order model, yielding high correlation coefficients (R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.98). Moreover, the adsorption mechanism, regeneration ability, and the impact of co-existing anions were investigated. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the CD and CC incorporated LDH/rGO biocomposites in selenium ion removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 106580"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haoran Li , Sunqiang Xu , Yingyan Liang, Can Fu, Yongxin Pang, Zhantian Tang, Guican Bi, Jun Xie
{"title":"Effect of biochar on anaerobic co-digestion performance of cellulosic ethanol refinery waste liquor with swine manure","authors":"Haoran Li , Sunqiang Xu , Yingyan Liang, Can Fu, Yongxin Pang, Zhantian Tang, Guican Bi, Jun Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, the high investment in the treatment of waste liquor and residue has become an important issue in the cellulosic ethanol refining industry. This study investigated the biogas production performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) by mixing different proportions of waste liquor (WL) with swine manure (SM). Additionally, the effect of biochar derived from waste residue (WR) pyrolyzed at different temperatures in the AD system was examined. The results indicated that: (1) when refinery WL and SM were mixed at 75:25 (on a basis of g sCOD: g VS), the cumulative methane yield (CMY) reached 225.48 ± 20.63 mL/g VS, demonstrating a synergistic effect of 1.14; (2) biochar prepared at lower pyrolysis temperature was more effective than that prepared at higher temperatures, with BC400 exhibiting remarkable promoting effects. The CMY with BC400 was 255.67 mL/g VS, 15.25 % higher than the control group; (3) the promoting effect of BC400 in the AD system was attributed to the biochar's porous structure and oxygen-containing functional groups, which enriched the hydrolytic, acid-producing, and methanogenic bacterial communities, enhancing direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) efficiency. The addition of biochar accelerated the AD process and improved methane production efficiency. This research offered reference for the recycling and treatment of cellulosic ethanol refinery waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 106574"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Harnessing carbon-based adsorbents for poly- and perfluorinated substance removal: A comprehensive review","authors":"Ashton Menezes , Louella Concepta Goveas , Ramesh Vinayagam , Raja Selvaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic, highly fluorinated chemicals commonly used in products like water-resistant materials, personal care items, non-stick cookware, and cleaning agents. Due to the strength of their C<img>F bonds, PFAS are extremely persistent in the environment, creating significant challenges for pollution control. Traditional degradation methods often prove ineffective, making adsorption a promising alternative for PFAS removal from contaminated water. Carbon-based adsorbents, valued for their sustainability and efficiency, are particularly effective for this purpose. This review provides a detailed analysis on PFAS properties and their removal using various carbon-based adsorbents, including activated carbon, biochar, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and magnetic composites. Adsorption capacities of these materials were seen vary significantly, from as low as 10.7 mg/g for Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-hybrid biochar, to as high as 713.85 mg/g for functionalized graphene-based adsorbent, highlighting the superior adsorption efficiency of modified graphene adsorbents compared to traditional biochar and activated carbons. Most of these adsorbents fit the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model with high coefficient of determination, indicating efficient monolayer adsorption and strong interaction with PFAS. The review also explores different adsorption mechanisms, the effects of process parameters on adsorption efficiency, strategies for adsorbent regeneration, and concludes with a bibliometric analysis that highlights key research gaps. These insights are intended to guide future advancements in the development of effective, scalable PFAS remediation technologies using carbon-based adsorbents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 106621"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Wu , Cui Zhou , Xingjian Long , Luyue Zhang , Jinhui Chen , Xingyu Gao , Jing Zhang , Qingguo Wang
{"title":"Microplastics distribution, transport and potential risks in sediments across different functional areas of megacities: From storm sewer networks to urban river","authors":"Yan Wu , Cui Zhou , Xingjian Long , Luyue Zhang , Jinhui Chen , Xingyu Gao , Jing Zhang , Qingguo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Order to investigate the distribution and potential risks of microplastics (MPs) in sediments from different functional areas of megacity storm sewer networks, the abundance and characteristics of MPs in sediments from storm sewer manholes in five functional areas of Chengdu's storm sewer network were investigated, and the impacts of land use and environmental factors were also explored. The results showed that microplastic abundance varied in the range of 2641.5–10,566 items/kg dry weight, and the size trend showed that the main pipe area > residential area > green area > commercial area > educational area. The shapes of MPs in the sediments are, in order, fragments (37.32 %), films (27.46 %), fibers (22.12 %), and particles (13.1 %). MPs are rich in color, mostly colored, accounting for 88.36 %. The particle size is mainly concentrated in 50–200 μm, accounting for 67.06 %. Stormwater catchment areas, traffic performance index for roads, and places with large populations exhibit higher amounts of MPs. The longer the building has been in use, the lower the number of MPs exhibited. The results of the PHI and RI analyses showed that the potential ecological risk is higher in the main pipe and commercial areas than in the other functional areas. This suggests the type of MPs contributes more to the potential risk than the abundance. The characteristics of MPs in storm sewer network sediments are highly similar to those in the subsoil of their receiving waters, suggesting that the storm sewer network is an important source of MPs in urban rivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 106623"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erika Pasciucco , Francesco Pasciucco , Antonio Panico , Renato Iannelli , Isabella Pecorini
{"title":"Optimization of a Fenton-based process as a tertiary treatment of tannery wastewater through response surface methodology","authors":"Erika Pasciucco , Francesco Pasciucco , Antonio Panico , Renato Iannelli , Isabella Pecorini","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, the implementation of effective advanced oxidation systems in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as tertiary treatment represents an urgent need and current topic of interest in the literature. The aim of this study was to identify the optimal operating conditions of an electrochemical peroxidation (ECP) process to maximize COD and color removals from tannery secondary effluents at neutral pH, as well as improve the cost-effectiveness of the ECP process by avoiding the addition of chemicals commonly used in conventional electro-Fenton process, which can increase the overall concentration of chlorides and sulphates in high-salinity effluent. To the best of our knowledge, no study in the literature has focused on the optimization of the ECP process for tannery wastewater treatment. Therefore, the influence of the independent variables (current density, electrolysis time and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration) and best parameter setting were investigated through a central composite design combined with response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). Under optimal conditions (36 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, 19.7 min and 9.9 g/L of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), 74 % of COD and 96 % of color were removed by ECP. The optimized conditions for the ECP treatment were verified and tested on photo-electrochemical peroxidation (PECP) and photolysis processes. The irradiation with UV-C light in PECP and photolysis processes did not significantly improve the removal efficiency, while increasing the energy demand. This study provides a new engineering approach for the removal of recalcitrant COD, addressing key factors that limit the application of the conventional electro-Fenton process in WWTPs. Future research should improve the sustainability of the process for full-scale application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 106588"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Na Zheng, Jiating Shi, Lijun Nie, Kunkun Xue, Yuhang Gao, Jianhui Shi
{"title":"Photo-Fenton degradation of oxytetracycline by g-C3N4/CQDs/FeOCl with in-situ hydrogen peroxide production: Degradation pathway and toxicity analysis of intermediate products","authors":"Na Zheng, Jiating Shi, Lijun Nie, Kunkun Xue, Yuhang Gao, Jianhui Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterogeneous photocatalytic Fenton technology, as an advanced oxidation process (AOPs), is considered a promising method for treating antibiotic wastewater. In the article, a heterogeneous photo-Fenton system g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/CQD/FeOCl with in-situ H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production was constructed and used for photo-Fenton degradation of oxytetracycline (OTC). The successful preparation of <em>Z</em>-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/CQDs/FeOCl was proved by a series of characterizations. The optimal degradation efficiency of OTC could reach as high as 96 %, basically achieving the effect of traditional Fenton reaction. Importantly, the degradation mechanism result demonstrated that <sup>•</sup>OH was the most active species for the degradation of OTC, and most of it were generated by the Fenton reaction within the constructed system. In addition, the main degradation pathways of OTC were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The three-dimensional fluorescence and toxicity analysis of the intermediate products showed that OTC was decomposed into intermediate products with smaller molecular weight, and the biological toxicity was reduced. This study provides new ideas for improving the application of Fenton reaction in wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 106615"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}