Journal of water process engineering最新文献

{"title":"Integration of electrocoagulation and electrooxidation for continuous mode treatment of tannery effluents: Experimental, optimization, and economic analysis","authors":"Sanjeev Kumar Meena,&nbsp;Shiv Om Meena,&nbsp;Vikas K. Sangal,&nbsp;Neetesh Kumar Dehariya","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Treatment of tannery wastewater presents significant challenges due to its complex composition, toxic substances, and high pollution levels. Conventional treatment methods are often inadequate for effectively treating this type of wastewater. However, hybrid processes have shown promising outcomes regarding the treatment of effluents. This study presents a novel application of combined electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO) processes, integrated in a once-through continuous mode, for the effective treatment of synthetic tannery wastewater (STWW). Fe/Fe electrodes were employed for EC process, whereas EO process utilized a mixed metal oxide (MMO) electrode (Ti/TiO₂-IrO₂-RuO₂) as the anode and stainless steel as the cathode. The primary objective of this study is to reduce the concentrations of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), chromium (Cr(VI)), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in STWW. The Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the effects of operating factors such as current, flow rate, and time on removing 4-CP, Cr(VI), and COD concentrations, and identify their interactions. The optimal operating conditions were determined, resulting in the following removal efficiencies: 75.97 % for 4-CP, 82.33 % for Cr(VI), 89.00 % for COD, and 37.30 % for TOC. The energy consumption was measured at 28.85 kWh/m³. The operating costs for the hybrid process were calculated to be 2.11 USD/m³ and compared with literature data. Therefore, combining EC-EO could be an innovative approach for tannery wastewater treatment in continuous mode. Future studies using real tannery wastewater is recommended to better validate the efficiency and scalability of the EC–EO hybrid process under practical conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108314"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced carbon dioxide hydrate-based treatment of high-alkaline wastewater from zinc-air batteries: A molecular simulation study","authors":"Kai Guo ,&nbsp;Yonghuan Zang ,&nbsp;Wenxiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao Jiang ,&nbsp;Sizhe Zhou ,&nbsp;Ziyi Qu ,&nbsp;Qing Xiao ,&nbsp;Haojie Gao ,&nbsp;Jun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc-air batteries produce electrolytic wastewater with metal ions, posing environmental challenges. Recycling these ions is crucial for sustainable chemical management. Hydrate-based wastewater treatment has emerged as a promising green chemistry method. This study uses molecular dynamics simulations (GROMACS) to examine CO₂ hydrate formation in strongly alkaline wastewater (pH 14) containing Zn(CH₃COO)₂ and KOH, aiming for sustainable metal ion recovery. Over 5000 ns, the study analyzes hydrate growth kinetics, ion migration paths, structural evolution, and key metrics like four-body structural order (F₄), energy trends, cage structure evolution, radial distribution functions (RDF), mean square displacement (MSD), and ion concentration changes. Results show CO₂ molecules form sI-type hydrate structures effectively, with hydrate numbers peaking at 640 ns and ion concentration increasing from 6.99 mol/L to 8.26 mol/L, an 18.2 % enrichment, indicating metal enrichment efficiency. Ion migration analysis reveals K⁺ and OH⁻ form blocking zones, inhibiting hydrate growth, while CH₃COO⁻ promotes it by attaching to hydrate surfaces. Zn²⁺ exhibited the strongest interaction with water molecules, playing a key role in hydrate nucleation. Transient irregular cages act as nucleation sites for stable hydrates. This study offers insights into using CO₂ hydrates for wastewater treatment and metal recovery in green chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108322"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the synergistic cobalt-nitrogen cooperation in biochar for enhanced peroxymonosulfate activation: Mechanistic insights into nitrogen configuration-dependent radical pathways and direct electron transfer","authors":"Junhui Wang ,&nbsp;Caimei Lu ,&nbsp;Kun Liu ,&nbsp;Jianlin Lv ,&nbsp;Jingyuan Yan ,&nbsp;Zuofang Yao ,&nbsp;Zisong Xu ,&nbsp;Yingqi Lu ,&nbsp;Zhangfa Tong ,&nbsp;Hanbing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes employing biochar catalysts present a promising strategy for refractory organic pollutant removal, yet the interfacial reaction mechanisms governing pollutant degradation remain insufficiently elucidated. Herein, we innovatively developed a cobalt‑nitrogen co-embedded hierarchical porous biochar (Co-N@BC) through impregnation and pyrolysis of waste fir sawdust, demonstrating exceptional peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation capability for chloroquine phosphate (CQP) degradation. Systematic investigations revealed that the Co-N@BC/PMS system achieved 97 % CQP removal within 45 min (<em>k</em>_obs = 0.061 min⁻¹) accompanied by 72 % total organic carbon reduction, outperforming conventional persulfate activation systems. The electrochemical analysis confirmed the formation of a metastable reactive complex between Co-N@BC and PMS, with its open-circuit potential change (ΔE = 0.27 V) being significantly higher than that of the nitrogen-doped system (ΔE = 0.17 V). Distinguished from the conventional radical-dominated mechanism, the study confirms the existence of a unique dual-pathway synergistic effect in the catalytic process: (1) Radical pathways dominated by surface-bound SO₄⁻• and •OH through Co²⁺/Co³⁺ redox cycling; (2) Non-radical pathways featuring ¹O₂ generation via surface group-mediated PMS activation and direct electron transfer through Co-N@BC-PMS* metastable complexes. Notably, we unveiled that the formed Co-N@BC-PMS* complexes function as interfacial electron-transfer mediators, simultaneously enhancing the efficiency of PMS activation and accelerating pollutant oxidation through interfacial-confined redox reactions. The engineered catalyst demonstrated remarkable environmental robustness, maintaining more than 90 % efficiency across four cycles, and exhibited broad pH adaptability (pH 3–11, less than 5 % variation). This study offers a new insight into the dynamic interactions between the multifunctional active sites of biochar and the mechanisms of persulfate activation. It also establishes a sustainable framework for converting waste biomass into highly efficient environmental catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108326"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of BiOI/RGO with rapid adsorption and excellent visible light absorption efficiency based on the shielding effect of adsorbed pollutants on incident light in fast adsorption photocatalytic system","authors":"Xu Zhang ,&nbsp;Shihui Zhang ,&nbsp;Wanting Shi ,&nbsp;Weiyan He ,&nbsp;Caihong Li ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In photocatalytic processes, rapid adsorption leads to significant accumulation of pollutants on the catalyst surface, which strongly shields incident light and suppresses the generation of photogenerated charge carriers. Addressing the low degradation efficiency caused by rapid adsorption in the process of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) photodegradation with BiOI as a catalyst, BiOI/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite was designed and prepared by a one-step solvothermal approach. The sp²-conjugated network of RGO was successfully reconfigured through calcination and ultrasonication, effectively，Which extended π-electron delocalization of RGO and thus significantly enhanced light absorption properties of BiOI/RGO. When the photocatalytic reaction was carried out within 60 min under visible light irradiation with the prepared BiOI/RGO as the catalyst, the removal rate of TC in solution could reach 100 %, the degradation rate could reach 94 %, and the mineralization rate could reach 85 %, which were 1.37, 1.96 and 2.43 times higher than that with BiOI as catalyst. The enhanced photocatalytic performance is attributed to the excellent light absorption from RGO, the rapid adsorption capability of BiOI, and the uniform dispersion of BiOI nanoparticles on RGO surfaces leading to the exposure of abundant active sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108318"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient recovery of composting leachates through bioconversion into a fertilizer: A new constructed wetland design to overcome their limitations","authors":"Rémi Soret ,&nbsp;Jean-Rémi Loup ,&nbsp;Paul-Etienne Fontaine","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen recovery through bioconversion of liquid wastes into nitrate-enriched fertilizers has recently raised interest as way to reduce water scarcity. Neither composting leachates nor Constructed Wetlands (CW) have been tested in this application. CW could be interesting for this bioconversion, but they lack acceptable organic loads. Their performance can however be enhanced through intensification techniques. A Verticalized SubSurface Flow constructed Wetland (VSSFW) with built-in and added intensification techniques was designed and compared to a traditional Vertical Flow CW (VFCW) for the bioconversion of synthetic composting leachates. The VSSFW showed significantly higher performances (Removal Efficiency RE (%) = 98.3 and 95.3 % for ammonium (NH₄-N) and phosphate (P) respectively, 56 % conversion rate of NH₄-N to nitrate (NO₃-N)) than the VFCW (RE (%) = 59.2 and 46.3 % respectively, conversion rate of 14 %). Further VSSFW intensification (microbubbles aeration, addition of carbon) resulted in even higher performances (RE_NH4-N (%) = 97.5 % in 24 h only, conversion rate 91 %, 16.5 times more performances than compared un-intensified CW).</div><div>The nitrate-concentrated solutions obtained after 24 h treatment showed 71.2 % concentrations similarity compared to the inorganic reference Hoagland solution used in hydroponic culture. A cost analysis demonstrated that the DML and CML of the VSSFW need to be further enhanced for later applications. This study, in conjunction to [1], pioneered and demonstrated the feasibility to use CW as a process to bioconvert high-strength liquid waste such as composting leachates into biofertilizer using a synthetic solution exhibiting similar hindering characteristics (high ammonium concentration, low carbon count). The VSSFW increase in performances (organic load, bioconversion rate) compared to traditional CW indicates its good potential as a bioconversion process and incites to pursue this work using real composting leachates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108312"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient degradation and mineralization of ornidazole in aqueous solutions via electro-fenton process using stainless steel electrode as sources of ferrous ions (Fe2+): Experimental and DFT calculations","authors":"Widad El hayaoui ,&nbsp;Abdallah El-asri ,&nbsp;Wail El mouhri ,&nbsp;Naoual Tajat ,&nbsp;Iliass Nadif ,&nbsp;Jamel Talebi ,&nbsp;Abdessalam Bouddouch ,&nbsp;Malika Tamimi ,&nbsp;Samir Qourzal ,&nbsp;Ali Assabbane ,&nbsp;Idriss Bakas","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ornidazole (ORD) is a persistent pharmaceutical contaminant commonly used to treat infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. This study presents a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach for the removal of ORD from contaminated environments. Carbon felt was used as the cathode, and stainless steel was used as the sacrificial anode, which also serves as an insitu source of Fenton's catalyst (Fe²⁺) through auto-generation, eliminating the need for external catalyst addition. Different operational parameters were investigated to enhance degradation efficiency. The degradation experiment demonstrated the highest ORD removal efficiency of 90.95 % and a mineralization efficiency of 84.5 % within 120 min under optimal conditions i.e., an applied current of 75 mA, an applied voltage of 2,5 V, an initial solution pH of 5, and an electrode spacing of 1.5 cm. Additionally, quenching experiments confirmed the crucial role of •OH in the degradation process of ORD. Furthermore, the proposed EF process exhibited better effectiveness of ORD degradation even in real water matrices (river water 91.32 % and tap water 94,32 %). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to determine the reaction sites of ORD involved in the degradation mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108251"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MXene-based catalysts for water purification in the persulfate-based Fenton-like system","authors":"Mingmei Ding ,&nbsp;Houzhen Zhou ,&nbsp;Mingjing Ge ,&nbsp;Zhiyun Jiang ,&nbsp;Hang Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Jia ,&nbsp;Emily Gao ,&nbsp;Deepak Mallya ,&nbsp;Li Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid advancement of industrialization has led to widespread environmental contamination by persistent organic pollutants. These persistent organic pollutants, particularly Emerging Contaminants (ECs), exhibit extended environmental persistence and recalcitrance to degradation, presenting significant ecological and public health challenges. The Fenton-like reaction, a prominent advanced oxidation process (AOPs), has gained significant attention in water treatment research due to its rapid reaction kinetics and effective mineralization capability. MXenes have emerged as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the Fenton-like reaction, owing to their large specific surface area, superior hydrophilicity, structural adaptability, and tunable surface chemistry. This review outlines the fundamental properties and synthesis methodologies of MXenes, with a dedicated focus on the latest research progress in loading transition metals and anchoring single atoms on MXenes. Synthesis methodologies and underlying mechanisms for loading transition metals and anchoring single atoms on MXene are systematically examined. This paper provides a detailed account of how MXene-based catalysts enhance their catalytic performance through strategies such as material structure, electron transfer pathways, and catalytic active sites, as well as the underlying reasons behind these enhancements. Additionally, the paper explores the impact of the persulfate-based AOPs on reaction kinetics under various conditions, while analyzing the corresponding reaction mechanisms. This paper also reviews the catalytic mechanisms for the generation of free radicals and non-free radical species in the persulfate-based Fenton-like system, with particular emphasis on the unique role of MXene-based catalysts in these processes. Finally, the challenges and opportunities faced by MXene-based catalysts in environmental remediation and industrial development were emphasized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108291"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct membrane filtration of municipal wastewater: Effects on biogas production, anaerobic biodegradability and settling properties of the up-concentrated stream","authors":"I. Ivailova ,&nbsp;J.B. Giménez ,&nbsp;D. Aguado ,&nbsp;J. Serralta","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct membrane filtration (DMF), which can increase the amount of organic matter derived to anaerobic digestion, has emerged as a feasible option for implementing the principles of the Circular Economy in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP). In this work, the effect of DMF on the anaerobic digestion performance and the sedimentation properties of the up-concentrated stream, for which a DMF pilot plant and a laboratory scale mesophilic anaerobic digester were operated for a period of two years, were evaluated. Since the DMF can be placed either after the pretreatment or after the primary settler, the pilot plant was fed with both raw and settled wastewater during the experimental period. The primary sludge and the up-concentrated stream were thickened and fed to the anaerobic digester. The results showed that including an ultrafiltration module in the WWTP increases biogas production of anaerobic digestion, whatever its location. The findings showed an increase of 28–52 % in the amount of organic matter that reached anaerobic digestion that led to an increase of 45–74 % in daily biogas production. A 0.663 kWh· kgCOD_rem⁻¹ / 0.256 kWh·m⁻³_inf energy recovery related to anaerobic digestion has been found when including the DMF after the pretreatment. Better settling properties were obtained when the DMF was placed after the pretreatment, while there was no improvement when PACl was added as a coagulant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108294"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of biocarrier on Dirammox during high NH4+-N wastewater treatment: Microbial community, sludge property, and removal efficiency","authors":"Yuchen Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Xu ,&nbsp;Fenglin Yang ,&nbsp;Jiadong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the retention of active microorganisms within the sludge, this study examined the effect of various biocarriers under the direct ammonia oxidation (Dirammox) technology for treating high NH₄⁺-N wastewater. Following prolonged operation with an influent concentration of 1000 mg/L NH₄⁺-N and 10,000 mg/L COD, the results demonstrated that the TN removal efficiencies of R1 (control), R2 (Fenton iron mud), and R3 (coconut shell) were 62.45 ± 3.30 %, 63.17 ± 3.98 %, and 64.90 ± 3.74 %, respectively. The COD removal efficiencies were 97.13 ± 0.91 %, 98.45 ± 0.24 %, and 97.66 ± 0.70 %, respectively, and TP was completely removed in all cases. Under high-load conditions, sludge supplemented with biocarriers not only exhibited a reduced recovery time but also demonstrated enhanced settling performance. Specifically, the SV₃₀/SV₅ ratio in R3 and R2 surpassed 0.9 within 10 and 40 days, respectively, whereas R1 stabilized at 0.85 after 30 days. Microbial analysis revealed that the introduction of biocarriers increased microbial diversity, resulting in distinct variations in microbial community structure. These findings indicated that the presence of biocarriers significantly mitigated the adverse effects of high-load conditions and improved sludge settling characteristics, primarily by reducing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secretion, enhancing viscosity, and promoting microbial adhesion and species diversity. Consequently, the pollutant removal efficiency was further optimized due to the increased microbial diversity. In summary, the Dirammox process presented a promising approach for high NH₄⁺-N wastewater treatment, with biocarriers demonstrating a substantial positive impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108194"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging naturally low pH for enhanced 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid removal from industrial wastewater: Carbon black adsorption and resource recovery approach","authors":"Noppaluck Promjan ,&nbsp;Kullapa Soratana ,&nbsp;Tanapon Phenrat","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A sustainable approach for treating 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in acidic industrial wastewater was investigated by leveraging its naturally low pH characteristics. The adsorption performance of bare carbon black (CB) under acidic conditions was evaluated in comparison with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-modified CB, while exploring the integration of waste-derived sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for final pH adjustment. The results showed that optimal 2,4-D removal was achieved by bare CB at pH 2, aided by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and Lewis acid–base interactions working synergistically. At pH 2, the maximum sorption capacity of 14 mg/g was observed at an optimal CB dose of 4.5 g/L. While APTES-modified CB at pH 4 had a 3.63-times higher sorption capacity, our life-cycle assessment revealed that utilizing bare CB under naturally acidic conditions coupled with waste-derived NaOH reduced the global warming potential by 27 % compared to using APTES-modified CB with fresh NaOH. This reduction primarily resulted from avoiding energy-intensive modification processes and utilizing waste-derived chemicals. The approach also decreased operational costs by 35 %. The adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, indicating multi-layer adsorption and chemisorption mechanisms. This research demonstrates that integrating naturally occurring acidic conditions with waste-derived materials can enhance both environmental and economic sustainability in treating industrial wastewater under challenging pH conditions, supporting circular-economy principles in wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108137"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}