Journal of Tropical Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Phytochemicals Analysis, <i>In Vitro</i> Antibacterial Activities of Extracts, and Molecular Docking Studies of the Isolated Compounds from <i>Melhania zavattarii</i> Cufod Leaves.","authors":"Teshome Gonfa,&nbsp;Ayalew Temesgen,&nbsp;Olyad Erba,&nbsp;Ephriem T Mengesha,&nbsp;Muthusaravanan Sivasubramanian","doi":"10.1155/2023/8820543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8820543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Melhania zavattarii</i> Cufod is an endemic plant species to Ethiopia and is used to treat ailments related to kidney infection. The phytochemical composition and biological activity of <i>M. zavattarii</i> have been not reported yet. Therefore, the present work aimed to investigate phytochemical constituents and evaluate the antibacterial activity of different solvents' leaf extracts and analyze the molecular binding capacity of isolated compounds from the chloroform leaf extract of <i>M. zavattarii</i>. Accordingly, preliminary phytochemical screening was tested by using standard procedures and the result indicated that phytosterols and terpenoids as major and others like alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, phlobatannin, and coumarins were detected as minor in extracts. Antibacterial activity of the extracts was evaluated using the disk diffusion agar method, and the activities revealed that chloroform extract showed the highest inhibition zones, 12.08 ± 0.38, 14.00 ± 0.50, and 15.58 ± 0.63 mm against <i>Escherichia coli</i> at 50, 75, and 125 mg/mL concentrations, respectively, compared to that of <i>n</i>-hexane and methanol extracts at respective concentrations. Methanol extract showed the highest zone of inhibition 16.42 + 0.52 against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> at 125 mg/mL concentration compared to that of <i>n</i>-hexane and chloroform extracts. Two compounds, namely, <i>β</i>-amyrin palmitate (<b>1</b>) and lutein (<b>2</b>) were isolated and identified for the first time from the chloroform leaf extract of <i>M. zavattarii</i>, and structural elucidations of these compounds were accomplished by using spectroscopic methods (IR, UV, and NMR). For the molecular docking study, 1G2A, which is a protein of <i>E. coli</i> and chloramphenicol standard target, was selected. Binding energies of -9.09, -7.05, and -6.87 kcal/mol were calculated for <i>β</i>-amyrin palmitate, lutein, and chloramphenicol, respectively. The drug-likeness property result indicated that both <i>β</i>-amyrin palmitate and lutein violated two rules of Lipinski's rule of five with molecular weight (g/mol) > 500 and LogP > 4.15. In the near future, further phytochemical investigation and biological activity evaluation should be conducted on this plant.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8820543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10250093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9620012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Investigation of the 2019 Dengue Outbreak in Dhaka, Bangladesh.","authors":"Sabrina Yesmin,&nbsp;Shahnoor Sarmin,&nbsp;Alamgir Mustak Ahammad,&nbsp;Md Abdur Rafi,&nbsp;Mohammad Jahid Hasan","doi":"10.1155/2023/8898453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8898453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bangladesh experienced its largest dengue epidemic in 2019. Our objective was to investigate the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the hospital-admitted dengue patients during this epidemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted among 369 adult dengue patients admitted to two tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from June to September 2019. The disease severity was determined according to the WHO's 2009 classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of the patients was 33.3 (SD 14) years with a predominance of men. Almost 10% developed severe dengue (plasma leakage 67%, clinical bleeding 25%, and organ involvement 25%). Fever, headache, retro-orbital pain, diarrhea, and warning signs such as abdominal pain, clinical fluid accumulation, and persistent vomiting were the most common clinical presentations. Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, elevated HCT levels, and ALT/AST were common laboratory findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Severe dengue was mostly attributable to plasma leakage with warning signs, especially abdominal pain, clinical fluid accumulation, persistent vomiting, and altered hematological parameters which might assist in the early prediction of severe dengue.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8898453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10036172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9244863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiplasmodial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Activity of Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of <i>Khaya grandifoliola</i> Stem Bark.","authors":"Gamago Nkadeu Guy-Armand,&nbsp;Yamssi Cedric,&nbsp;Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia,&nbsp;Mounvera Abdel Azizi,&nbsp;Ngouyamsa Nsapkain Aboubakar Sidiki,&nbsp;Tientcheu Noutong Jemimah Sandra,&nbsp;Tako Djimefo Alex Kevin,&nbsp;Vincent Khan Payne","doi":"10.1155/2023/8062453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8062453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria is a serious public health problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to scientifically provide baseline information on the use of <i>Khaya grandifoliola</i> stem bark as an antimalaria drug by traditional healers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The stem barks of <i>K.grandifoliola</i> were harvested and dried to obtain powder, and fifty grams of the powder were soaked in ethanol and hot distilled water respectively, for the preparation of ethanol and aqueous extracts, then dried in an oven at 40°C for the ethanol extract and 50°C for the aqueous extract. <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> strains 3D7 sensitive and Dd2 resistant to chloroquine, were used to evaluate in <i>vitro</i> antiplasmodial activity using SYBR Green. The ability of the extracts to prevent oxidative stress was assessed by trapping 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and ferric reducing power. The cytotoxicity test of the extracts was carried out on RAW 264.7 cell lines and on erythrocytes. The data obtained were entered in the Excel software, then in Graph pad where the IC₅₀ was calculated and the curves plotted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fifty percent inhibition (IC₅₀) of the antiplasmodial activity of the chloroquine-resistant strain PfDd2 were 54.27 ± 2.41 <i>μ</i>g/mL and 31.19 ± 4.06 <i>μ</i>g/mL respectively, for the aqueous and ethanol extracts. As for the Chloroquino-sensitive Pf3D7, IC₅₀ of 53.06 <i>μ</i>g/mL was obtained for the aqueous extract and 28.03 ± 1.90 <i>μ</i>g/mL for ethanol. The DPPH radical scavenging activity presented IC₅₀ of 104 <i>μ</i>g/mL for the aqueous and 2.617 <i>μ</i>g/mL for the ethanol extract; for the Nitric oxide (NO) presented an IC₅₀ of 301 ± 21 <i>μ</i>g/mL for the aqueous extract 140.7 ± 21 <i>μ</i>g/mL for the ethanol; for hydrogen peroxide the ethanol and aqueous presented IC₅₀ of 845.1 ± 21 <i>μ</i>g/mL and 509.4 ± 21 <i>μ</i>g/mL respectively. The cytotoxicity on RAW 264.7 cells presented High CC₅₀ in particular >1000 <i>μ</i>g/mL and 467.4 <i>μ</i>g/mL respectively for the aqueous and ethanol extract.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Extracts of <i>Khaya grandifoliola</i> exhibited antiplasmodial activity. The ability to inhibit oxidative stress as well as lower cell toxicity on RAW 264.7 and erythrocytes, is a good indicator. However, <i>in vivo</i> tests remain important in order to confirm the use of this plant for the treatment of malaria.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8062453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10072966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9270732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Pollutants PM2.5, PM10, Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂), and Ozone (O₃) Association with the Incidence of Monkeypox Cases in European Countries.","authors":"Sultan Ayoub Meo,&nbsp;Sara A Alqahtani,&nbsp;Anusha Sultan Meo,&nbsp;Joud Mohammed Alkhalifah,&nbsp;Thamir Al-Khlaiwi,&nbsp;David C Klonoff","doi":"10.1155/2023/9075358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9075358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monkeypox, also known as monkeypox disease, is caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), which is a zoonotic infection. The swift spread of human monkeypox cases has caused an alarming situation worldwide. This novel study aimed to investigate the association of particulate matter air pollutants PM2.5, PM10, Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and Ozone (O₃) on the incidence of monkeypox cases from May 1, 2022, to July 15, 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data on air pollutants PM2.5, PM10, NO₂, and O₃ and monkeypox cases were recorded from the date of occurrence of the first case of monkeypox in the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Portugal from May 1, 2022, to July 15, 2022. The daily concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO₂, and O₃ were recorded from the metrological website \"Air Quality Index-AQI,\" and daily human monkeypox cases were recorded from the official website of \"Our World in Data.\" The mean values along with simple, multiple, and Spearman Rho correlations were performed to investigate the relationship and strength of association between the concentrations of air pollutants and cases of monkeypox.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The environmental pollutants PM2.5, PM10, NO₂, and O₃ were positively associated with monkeypox cases in the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Portugal. The analysis further revealed that for each 10-unit increase in PM2.5, PM10, and NO₂, levels, the number of monkeypox cases was significantly augmented by 29.6%, 9.7%, 13%, and 80.6%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Environmental pollutants PM2.5, PM10, NO₂, and O₃ have been positively linked to the number of daily monkeypox cases in European countries. Environmental pollution is a risk factor for the increasing incidence of monkeypox daily cases. The regional and international authorities must implement policies to curtail air pollution to combat the cases of monkeypox in European countries and worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9075358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9859703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10581133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice in Middle- and Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Oana Marilena Craciun,&nbsp;Malen Del Rosario Torres,&nbsp;Agustín Benito Llanes,&nbsp;María Romay-Barja","doi":"10.1155/2023/1014666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1014666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from an infectious agent in the world. Most tuberculosis cases are concentrated in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study is to better understand tuberculosis-related knowledge about TB disease, prevention, treatment and sources of information, attitudes towards TB patients and their stigmatization and prevention, diagnosis and treatment practices in the general population of middle- and low-income countries, with a high tuberculosis burden, and provide evidence for policy development and decision-making. A systematic review of 30 studies was performed. Studies reporting on knowledge, attitudes, and practices surveys were selected for systematic review through database searching. Population knowledge about TB signs and symptoms, prevention practices, and treatment means was found inadequate. Stigmatization is frequent, and the reactions to possible diagnoses are negative. Access to health services is limited due to difficulties in transportation, distance, and economic cost. Deficiencies in knowledge and TB health-seeking practices were present regardless of the living area, gender, or country; however, it seems that there is a frequent association between less knowledge about TB and a lower socioeconomic and educational level. This study revealed gaps in knowledge, attitude, and practices in focused in middle- and low-income countries. Policymakers could take into account the evidence provided by the KAP surveys and adapt their strategies based on the identified gaps, promoting innovative approaches and empowering the communities as key stakeholders. It is necessary to develop education programs on symptoms, preventive practices, and treatment for TB, to reduce transmission and stigmatization. It becomes also necessary to provide communities with innovative healthcare solutions to reduce their barriers to access to diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1014666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10314818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9802087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severity and Determinants of Anemia in TB/HIV Coinfected Adults at Mekelle, Ethiopia: Hospital Based Retrospective Study.","authors":"Kebede Embaye Gezae,&nbsp;Kiflom Hagos,&nbsp;Assefa Ayalew Gebreslassie","doi":"10.1155/2023/5555030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5555030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anemia has up to 87% prevalence in high tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden settings of the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) including Ethiopia. It increases lost to follow-up (LTFU) rate, reduces quality of life, and shortens the survival of TB/HIV coinfected patients. However, there is limited information on severity level and determinants of anemia in TB/HIV coinfected adults in the study setting in particular. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess severity level and determinants of TB/HIV-associated anemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital based retrospective study was conducted among 305 TB/HIV coinfected adults who enrolled for antiretroviral therapy (ART) from January, 2009 to December, 2016 in two public hospital of Mekelle, Ethiopia, by reviewing ART register. A multiple logit model was fitted to identify the baseline determinants of anemia using 95% confidence level or 5% level of significance for adjusted odds ratio (AOR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the current study, the cumulative baseline prevalence of anemia was 59.0% (95% CI: 53.3%-64.6%). Considering severity level, the prevalence was 6.2%, 28.2%, and 24.6% for severe, moderate, and mild anemia, respectively. Being female (AOR = 0.380; 95% CI: 0.226-0.640), body mass index (AOR = 0.913; 95% CI: 0.836-0.998) reduces the odds of developing anemia whereas baseline ambulatory functional status (AOR = 2.139; 95% CI: 1.189-3.846), bedridden functional status (AOR = 2.208; 95% CI: 1.002-4.863), HIV clinical stage III (AOR = 2.565; 95% CI: 1.030-6.384), and HIV clinical stage IV (AOR = 2.590; 95% CI: 1.006-6.669) increased the odds of developing anemia for TB/HIV coinfected adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the current study, significant TB/HIV-associated severe anemia was assessed which accounted for nearly one-ninth of all anemia cases while nearly half were moderate anemia. Therefore, curious attention has to be given for the management of TB/HIV-associated severe anemia in particular and anemia in general to reducing anemia associated bad outcomes most importantly death.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5555030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10208761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9897966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Allelic Diversity of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> Merozoite Surface Protein 3-Alpha (<i>PvMSP-3α</i>) Gene in Thailand Using PCR-RFLP.","authors":"Kanyanan Kritsiriwuthinan,&nbsp;Warunee Ngrenngarmlert,&nbsp;Rapatbhorn Patrapuvich,&nbsp;Supaksajee Phuagthong,&nbsp;Kantima Choosang","doi":"10.1155/2023/8855171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8855171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considering the importance of merozoite surface proteins (MSPs) as vaccine candidates, this study was conducted to investigate the polymorphism and genetic diversity of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> merozoite surface protein 3-alpha (<i>PvMSP-3α</i>) in Thailand. To analyze genetic diversity, 118 blood samples containing <i>P. vivax</i> were collected from four malaria-endemic areas in western and southern Thailand. The DNA was extracted and amplified for the <i>PvMSP-3α</i> gene using nested PCR. The PCR products were genotyped by PCR-RFLP with <i>Hha</i> I and <i>Alu</i> I restriction enzymes. The combination patterns of <i>Hha</i> I and <i>Alu</i> I RFLP were used to identify allelic variants. Genetic evaluation and phylogenic analysis were performed on 13 sequences, including 10 sequences from our study and 3 sequences from GenBank. The results revealed three major types of <i>PvMSP-3α</i>, 91.5% allelic type A (∼1.8 kb), 5.1% allelic type B (∼1.5 kb), and 3.4% allelic type C (∼1.2 kb), were detected based on PCR product size with different frequencies. Among all <i>PvMSP-3α</i>, 19 allelic subtypes with <i>Hha</i> I RFLP patterns were distinguished and 6 allelic subtypes with <i>Alu</i> I RFLP patterns were identified. Of these samples, 73 (61%) and 42 (35.6%) samples were defined as monoallelic subtype infection by <i>Hha</i> I and <i>Alu</i> I PCR-RFLP, respectively, whereas 77 (65.3%) samples were determined to be mixed-allelic subtype infection by the combination patterns of <i>Hha</i> I and <i>Alu</i> I RFLP. These results strongly indicate that <i>PvMSP-3α</i> gene is highly polymorphic, particularly in blood samples collected from the Thai-Myanmar border area (the western part of Thailand). The combination patterns <i>of Hha</i> I and <i>Alu</i> I RFLP of the <i>PvMSP-3α</i> gene could be considered for use as molecular epidemiologic markers for genotyping <i>P. vivax</i> isolates in Thailand.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8855171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10438972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10404604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status of the Multidrug Resistance-1 Gene of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> in Four Malaria Epidemiological Strata, Two Decades after the Abolition of Chloroquine as First-Line Treatment for Uncomplicated Malaria in Cameroon.","authors":"David Denis Sofeu-Feugaing,&nbsp;Fabrice Nkengeh Ajonglefac,&nbsp;Marcel Nyuylam Moyeh,&nbsp;Tobias Obejum Apinjoh,&nbsp;Marianne Elodie Essende,&nbsp;Gilchrist Destin Talla Kouam,&nbsp;Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu","doi":"10.1155/2023/6688380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6688380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug-resistant malaria parasites pose a threat to global malaria control efforts, and it is important to know the extent of these drug-resistant mutations in each region to determine appropriate control measures. Chloroquine (CQ) was widely used in Cameroon for decades, but its declining clinical efficacy due to resistance prompted health authorities in 2004 to resort to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. Despite numerous efforts to control malaria, it persists, and the emergence and spread of resistance to ACTs make the development of new drugs or the possible reintroduction of discontinued drugs increasingly urgent. Malaria-positive blood samples were collected from 798 patients on Whatman filter paper to determine the status of resistance to CQ. DNA was extracted by boiling in Chelex and analysis of <i>Plasmodium</i> species. Four hundred <i>P. falciparum</i> monoinfected samples, 100 per study area, were amplified by nested PCR, and allele-specific restriction analysis of Pfmdr1 gene molecular markers was performed. Fragments were analyzed using a 3% ethidium bromide-stained agarose gel. <i>P. falciparum</i> was the most abundant <i>Plasmodium</i> species, accounting for 87.21% of <i>P. falciparum</i> monoinfections only. No infection with <i>P. vivax</i> was detected. The majority of samples contained the wild type for all 3 SNPs evaluated on the Pfmdr1 gene with N86, Y184, and D1246 accounting for 45.50%, 40.00%, and 70.00%, respectively. The most abundant haplotype observed was the Y184D1246 double wild type at 43.70%. The results suggest that <i>P. falciparum</i> is the major infecting species and that <i>P. falciparum</i> species with the susceptible genotype are gradually recapturing the parasite population.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6688380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10329556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9814106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasites among Children under Five Years of Age Attended at Bachuma Primary Hospital, West Omo Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Tadesse Duguma,&nbsp;Teshale Worku,&nbsp;Samuel Sahile,&nbsp;Daniel Asmelash","doi":"10.1155/2023/2268554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2268554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In regions of the world with low resources, such as Ethiopia, intestinal parasite diseases are still highly prevalent, especially in children. Poor personal and environmental hygiene, as well as unsafe and low-quality drinking water, are the main causes of this. This investigation aimed to determine the frequency of intestinal parasites and risk factors among children under 5 years age at Bachuma Primary Hospital in 2022.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>: A cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2022 to December 2022 at Bachuma Primary Hospital, West Omo Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Stool sample was collected from randomly selected children who were ordered to have their stool examined at the hospital laboratory and wet mount was prepared using normal saline to detect the different stage of intestinal parasites microscopically. Moreover, data related to the sociodemographic and associated risk factors was collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were computed to describe the characteristics of the study participants and determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites. Data were entered into Epi-data manager and analysed using statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) version 25.0, respectively. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, with variables with a <i>p</i> value of <0.05 considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>: Infection with at least one intestinal parasite among children was 29.4% (95% CI: 24.5-34.7). <i>Ascaris lumbricoide</i> and <i>Giardia lamblia</i> were responsible for 8% (26/323) and 4% (13/323) of the prevalence of helminth and protozoans, respectively. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that children whose residence was rural had an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 5.048 (<i>p</i>=0.001), those who did not wash their hands before meals had an AOR of 7.749 (<i>p</i>=0.001), a child with not trimmed fingernails had an AOR of 2.752 (<i>p</i>=0.010), a child who frequently experienced stomach pain and whose source of water was pond had an AOR of 2.415 (<i>p</i>=0.028) and 3.796 (<i>p</i>=0.040), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, the prevalence of intestinal parasites recorded was low. Rural residency, absence of child hand washing practice before meal, and not trimming fingernail were among factors significantly associated with intestinal parasite infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2268554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10181902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9829676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymptomatic <i>Plasmodium</i> Infection and Associated Factors in Selected Districts of the Kaffa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Tadesse Duguma,&nbsp;Eyob Tekalign,&nbsp;Mitiku Abera","doi":"10.1155/2023/4144834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4144834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria remains a serious public health problem, particularly in resource scarce areas of the world. The number of malaria cases has dropped remarkably in Ethiopia over the last decade, and efforts to eliminate the disease are underway. Asymptomatic infections may pose significant challenges to the elimination program. The essence of this study was to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic <i>Plasmodium</i> infection and the associated factors among communities of the selected districts in the Kaffa zone.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>April to May and September to October 2021, were the two seasons in which the community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted. Capillary blood from a finger prick was examined by light microscopy (LM) and screened using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). The participants' sociodemographic characteristics and malaria prevention measures were collected using a pretested semistructured questionnaire. Data entry and analyses were carried out using EpiData and SPSS version 25.0. Logistic regression (bivariate and multivariable) analyses were carried out to assess the possible associations between the dependent variable and the associated factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>566 study participants were involved in the two cross-sectional surveys, including 234 male and 332 female subjects with a mean age of 18.486 (SD ± 15.167). Thirty-eight blood samples (6.7%) were found to be positive for <i>Plasmodium</i> species tested by both LM and RDT. Last night's use of long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) (AOR = 2.448, 95% CI: 1.009 5.938, <i>p</i>=0.048), presence of eave (AOR = 4.144, 95% CI: 1.049-16.363, <i>p</i>=0.043), and house sprayed in the last year (AOR = 5.206, 95% CI: 2.176-12.455, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were among factors that showed significant association with asymptomatic <i>Plasmodium</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The asymptomatic <i>Plasmodium</i> infection prevalence recorded in the study area was low. Last night's LLIN usage, the presence of an eave, a house sprayed in the last year, and the presence of stagnant water near the home of the study participants were among the factors associated with an increased risk of catching the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4144834"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10118875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9390000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}