Journal of Tropical Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Geohelminthiasis among School-Age Children in Jimma City, Ethiopia.","authors":"Ahmed Zeynudin, Teshome Degefa, Sultan Suleman, Abdulhakim Abamecha, Zuber Hajikelil, Andreas Wieser","doi":"10.1155/2023/8811795","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/8811795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>School-age children (SAC) are at a higher risk of geohelminth or soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections due to their practice of walking and playing barefoot, lack of adequate sanitary facilities, and poor personal hygiene. In Ethiopia, periodic deworming has been implemented since 2013 with the aim of interrupting the transmission of STH in children by 2025. To evaluate the likely success of such a control program, it is crucial to monitor the transmission of STH, especially in peri-urban settings where environmental sanitation is modest. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of STH infections among SAC in peri-urban areas of Jimma City, Southwestern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in five peri-urban <i>Kebeles</i> of Jimma City from July to September, 2021. Systematic random sampling was used to select 522 households with at least one child, and 478 children (5-15 years old) were recruited randomly from the households. Data on sociodemographic and potential risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Stool samples from each study participant were collected and examined microscopically using the Kato-Katz technique. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors associated with STH infections. The prevalence of any STH among SAC was 23.4%, with <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> being the predominant STH species (15.7%), followed by <i>Trichuris trichiura</i> (9%) and hookworm (2.1%). Most (86.6%) of the STH-positive SAC had a single infection and a light infection intensity (88.2%), with a mean intensity of 367.4 eggs per gram. Location of <i>Kebele</i> (AOR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.21-6.16, <i>p</i>=0.016), lack of hand washing after defecation (AOR = 6.39; 95% CI: 3.16-12.95, <i>p</i> < 0.001), untrimmed fingernails (AOR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.56-4.51, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and lack of previous deworming (AOR = 2.90; 95% CI: 1.47-5.74, <i>p</i>=0.002) were significant predictors for STH infections among SAC. In conclusion, the study revealed that STH infections are significant health problem in the peri-urban areas of Jimma City. Strengthening periodic deworming and improving children's hygiene through health education are required to reduce the transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8811795"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10696475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138498726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Multiplex LAMP Assay for the Rapid and Accurate Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by <i>Leishmania infantum</i> from Iran.","authors":"Sahar Samsami, Sahar Namavari, Saeed Ataei, Abdolmajid Ghasemian, Ava Yazdanpanah, Neda Sepahi, Gholamreza Hatam, Hossein Faramarzi, Hadi Mirzaei, Razie Ranjbar, Ali Ghanbariasad","doi":"10.1155/2023/9326183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9326183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visceral leishmaniosis (VL) is one of the neglected tropical diseases despite being responsible for serious clinical symptoms, some of which lead to fatal outcomes. Thus, there is a need to apply accurate, rapid, and specific diagnostic measurements in order to control the disease and reduce the mortality rate. We aimed to develop and validate a multiplex LAMP assay for the diagnosis of VL caused by <i>Leishmania infantum</i> (<i>L. infantum</i>). Moreover, a thorough assessment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of multiplex LAMP in identifying various <i>Leishmania</i> species, such as <i>Leishmania tropica</i> (<i>L. tropica</i>) and <i>Leishmania major</i> (<i>L. major</i>) in comparison to <i>Leishmania infantum</i> (<i>L. infantum</i>). The diagnostic performance of the multiplex LAMP method for VL was compared to each LAMP assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and nested PCR technique. Two separated primers were set and used in a multiplex LAMP assay which was designed based on the ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer II) and were selected on the basis of conserved and high copy number region. Multiplex LAMP primers were designed using an online tool available at https://www.primerexplorer.jp/e. The alignment was performed using MEGA5, and the primers were further adjusted utilizing GENE Runner software. All molecular methods were tested on the serial dilution of cloned plasmid containing ITS region from standard strains of <i>L. infantum</i>, <i>L. tropica</i>, and <i>L. major</i>. Moreover, multiplex LAMP assay was evaluated and compared based on both standard strains and 55 clinical samples from humans as well as dogs. Various approaches were applied to interpret the multiplex LAMP reaction which deciphered a higher sensitivity when compared to the RT-qPCR for <i>L. infantum</i> (one copy number of plasmid, equal to 0.85 femtograms (fg) of plasmid concentration, and 0.004 parasite DNA per <i>μ</i>L) detection while these three standard strains of <i>Leishmania</i> were confirmed to contain 40 DNA copies using RT-qPCR. Additionally, the multiplex LAMP detection limit was approximately equivalent to RT-qPCR for <i>L. major</i> and <i>L. tropica</i>, which included 0.342 picograms (pg) and 342 femtograms (fg) of plasmid concentration, 4 × 10³ and 4 × 10² copy number of plasmid, and 17.1 and 1.71 parasite DNA per <i>μ</i>L for <i>L. major</i> and <i>L. tropica</i>, respectively. Nested PCR exhibited a lower detection limit for <i>L. infantum</i> of 4 × 10⁶ plasmid copy number compared to multiplex LAMP and RT-qPCR. Multiplex LAMP has the potential for accurate and rapid detection of infectious disease, successful treatment, and finding and monitoring asymptomatic cases, especially in low-income countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9326183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10676275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Dengue Virus Circulation in the Rural Community, Handeni District in Tanga, Tanzania","authors":"Debora C. Kajeguka, Francis M. Mponela, Emmanuel Mkumbo, Anna N. Kaaya, Daniel Lasway, Robert D. Kaaya, Michael Alifrangis, Emmanuel Elanga-Ndille, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Reginald Kavishe","doi":"10.1155/2023/5576300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5576300","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue virus is among the most important re-emerging arbovirus that causes global public health attention. Dengue has historically been thought of as an urban disease that frequently occurs in rapidly urbanized settings. However, dengue has become more widespread in rural regions in recent years. Understanding the changing dengue epidemiology in different geographical settings is important for targeted intervention. In Tanzania, dengue fever is not frequently reported because of the poor surveillance infrastructure, underestimation, and a lack of consideration of dengue as a priority. Therefore, the true burden as well as the risk factors for increased transmission has not been fully ascertained, particularly in rural areas. A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in June 2021, involving a total of 362 participants of all age groups. We investigated the prevalence of acute dengue infection, seroprevalence, and associated factors among the community in three villages of the rural Handeni district. The prevalence of acute dengue infection (based on PCR) was 2.2% (8/362). Dengue-specific IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in 3.3% (12/362) and 5.2% (19/362) of the participants, respectively. Adult participants who were having vegetation around their houses were more likely to be DENV seropositive (AOR = 2.4, CI = 1.88–4.18, <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\"> <mi>p</mi> </math> value = 0.05). Children living in houses with garbage pit around their households were less likely to be DENV seropositive (AOR = 0.13, CI = 0.03–0.56, <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M2\"> <mi>p</mi> </math> value <0.01). DENV continues to circulate in rural Tanzania, causes an alarming situation, and necessitates prompt public health action to enhance vector surveillance and control in rural communities.","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135391413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities, and Metabolite Profiling of Selected Medicinal Plants of Nepal.","authors":"Amit Kumar Shrivastava, Muskan Keshari, Manisha Neupane, Sheshbhan Chaudhary, Purna Kala Dhakal, Laxmi Shrestha, Anjan Palikhey, Chandrajeet Kumar Yadav, Gopal Lamichhane, Mohammad Ujair Shekh, Rakesh Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1155/2023/6641018","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6641018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, antiarthritic, and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts from the leaves of twelve different medicinal plants in Nepal. We then evaluated the total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents of the extract using in-vitro assays and characterized it using GC-MS analysis. Results revealed that most of the leaf extracts contained phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins. Few plants also showed the presence of glycosides, phytate, and vitamin C. Among the studied plants, <i>Neolamarckia cadamba</i> exhibited the highest total phenolic and tannin contents, as 241.53 ± 0.20 <i>µ</i>g of gallic acid equivalent/mg and 74.48 ± 1.081 <i>µ</i>g of tannic acid equivalent/mg, respectively. <i>Ipomoea batatas</i> exhibited the highest total flavonoid content, as 53.051 ± 1.11 <i>µ</i>g of quercetin equivalent/mg. Moreover, <i>Raphanus sativus</i> demonstrated significant ferrous ion chelating, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and total antioxidant activities with IC₅₀ value of 4.76 ± 0.68 <i>µ</i>g/mL, 5.84 ± 0.14 <i>µ</i>g/mL, 6.89 ± 0.16 <i>µ</i>g/mL, and 8.99 ± 0.20 <i>µ</i>g/mL, respectively. Similarly, <i>Colocasia esculenta</i> and <i>Cicer arietinum</i> exhibited the highest hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide scavenging activities, measuring IC₅₀ value of 7.22 ± 0.56 <i>µ</i>g/mL and 9.06 ± 0.10 <i>µ</i>g/mL, respectively. Among all the extracts, <i>Amorphophallus paeoniifolius</i> displayed significant human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization activity (IC₅₀ = 6.22 ± 0.78 <i>µ</i>g/mL). Furthermore, <i>Raphanus sativus</i>, <i>Chenopodium album, Cicer arietinum</i>, and <i>Murraya koenigii</i> exhibited the highest inhibitory activities against protein denaturation with bovine serum albumin, antiarthritic, lipoxygenase inhibitory, and proteinase inhibitory, measuring IC₅₀ of 7.48 ± 0.48 <i>µ</i>g/mL, 9.44 ± 1.62 <i>µ</i>g/mL, 14.67 ± 1.94 <i>µ</i>g/mL, and 28.57 ± 2.39 <i>µ</i>g/mL, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the twelve leaf extracts' significant antioxidant, antiarthritic, and anti-inflammatory activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6641018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10637841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89718735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coinfection with <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Enhances Disease Severity in Human African Trypanosomiasis.","authors":"Nancy S Mitalo, Naomi N Waiganjo, John Mokua Mose, David O Bosire, James O Oula, Alfred Orina Isaac, James Nyabuga Nyariki","doi":"10.1155/2023/1063169","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/1063169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and schistosomiasis are neglected parasitic diseases found in the African continent. This study was conducted to determine how primary infection with <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> affects HAT disease progression with a secondary infection with <i>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</i> (<i>T.b.r</i>) in a mouse model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Female BALB-c mice (6-8 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups of 12 mice each. The different groups were infected with <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> (100 cercariae) and <i>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</i> (5.0 × 104) separately or together. Twenty-one days after infection with <i>T.b.r</i>, mice were sacrificed and samples were collected for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The primary infection with <i>S. mansoni</i> significantly enhanced successive infection by the <i>T.b.r</i>; consequently, promoting HAT disease severity and curtailing host survival time. <i>T.b.r</i>-induced impairment of the neurological integrity and breach of the blood-brain barrier were markedly pronounced on coinfection with <i>S. mansoni.</i> Coinfection with <i>S. mansoni</i> and <i>T.b.r</i> resulted in microcytic hypochromic anemia characterized by the suppression of RBCs, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red cell indices. Moreover, coinfection of the mice with the two parasites resulted in leukocytosis which was accompanied by the elevation of basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. More importantly, coinfection resulted in a significant elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, and uric acid, which are the markers of liver and kidney damage. Meanwhile, <i>S. mansoni</i>-driven dyslipidemia was significantly enhanced by the coinfection of mice with <i>T.b.r.</i> Moreover, coinfection with <i>S. mansoni</i> and <i>T.b.r</i> led to a strong immune response characterized by a significant increase in serum TNF-<i>α</i> and IFN-<i>γ</i>. <i>T.b.r</i> infection enhanced <i>S. mansoni</i>-induced depletion of cellular-reduced glutathione (GSH) in the brain and liver tissues, indicative of lethal oxidative damage. Similarly, coinfection resulted in a significant rise in nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Primary infection with <i>S. mansoni</i> exacerbates disease severity of secondary infection with <i>T.b.r</i> in a mouse model that is associated with harmful inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and organ injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1063169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10637842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89718734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effect of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaves Methanolic Extract against <i>In Vitro</i> Growth of Several <i>Babesia</i> Species and <i>Theileria equi</i> and the <i>In Vivo</i> Growth of <i>Babesia microti</i>.","authors":"Mohamed Abdo Rizk, Shimaa Abd El-Salam El-Sayed, Mohamed Z Sayed-Ahmed, Yosif Almoshari, Saad S Alqahtani, Sarfaraz Ahmad, Nawazish Alam, Basma H Marghani, Abdelbaset E Abdelbaset, Ikuo Igarashi","doi":"10.1155/2023/4285042","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/4285042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study evaluated the inhibitory effect of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaves methanolic extract (MOL) against the <i>in vitro</i> growth of <i>Babesia bovis</i> (<i>B. bovis</i>), <i>B. caballi</i>, <i>B. bigemina</i>, and <i>Theileria equi</i> (<i>T. equi</i>), as well as <i>in vivo</i> growth of <i>B. microti</i> in mice. Active principles of MOL extract were determined using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). MOL's anti-piroplasm efficacy was assessed both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> using the SYBR Green I fluorescence assay. Every 96 hours, the hematological parameters, including red blood cell count (RBCs; 10⁴/UL), hemoglobin content (HGB; g/dl), and hematocrit percent (HCT; %), in the treated mice were monitored using a Celltac MEK6450 automated hematological analyzer. LC-MS of MOL revealed that the most abundant polyphenolic catechism found in the MOL extract was isoquercetin and rutin. MOL inhibited <i>B. bovis, B. caballi, B. bigemina</i>, and <i>T. equi in vitro</i> growth in a dose-dependent way, with IC₅₀ values of 45.29 ± 6.14, 19.16 ± 0.45, 137.49 ± 16.07, and 9.29 ± 0.014 <i>μ</i>g/ml, respectively. MOL's <i>in vitro</i> antibabesial activity was enhanced when administrated simultaneously with either diminazene aceturate (DA) or MMV665875 compound from malaria box. In mice infected by <i>B. microti</i>, a combination of MOL and a low dose of DA (12.5 mg·kg^-1) resulted in a significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05) reduction in <i>B. microti</i> growth. These findings suggest that MOL is an effective herbal anti-piroplasm therapy, especially when combined with a low dosage of either DA or MMV665875.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4285042"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10630014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71524098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundance, Distribution, and Diversity of Freshwater Snail and Prevalences of Their Infection by Cercaria of <i>Fasciola gigantica</i> and <i>Schistosoma</i> spp at Mayo-Vreck River, Far North Region of Cameroon.","authors":"Augustin Siama,&nbsp;Serges Eteme Enama,&nbsp;Justin Kalmobe,&nbsp;Samuel Abah,&nbsp;Angele Foutchou,&nbsp;Alexandre Michel Njan Nloga","doi":"10.1155/2023/9527349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9527349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malacological and parasitological studies were conducted from April 2020 to March 2021 to determine the abundance and distribution of molluscs and cercariae of <i>Schistosoma</i> spp and <i>Fasciola gigantica</i>. Collected molluscs are exposed to strong light to induce cercarial release. Mollusc densities were higher at station 1 (Gamak) than in station 8 (Patakai), with <i>Bellamya unicolor</i> and <i>Biomphalaria pfeifferi</i> more abundant and <i>Bulinus truncatus</i>, <i>B. tropicus</i>, and <i>B. globosus</i> less abundant. The overall prevalence of cercariae (19.87%) is higher in station 3 (Yaye orchard), station 9 (Gougni), station 4 (Madiogo), station 5 (Madiogo pasture), and station 6 (Ziam 3). It varies significantly between 15.76% in station 8 and 25.77% in station 3, between 8.48% in <i>B. truncatus</i> and 25.53% in <i>B. globosus</i>, and between 19.27% for cercariae of <i>Schistosoma</i> spp and 21.60% for those of <i>F. gigantica</i>. Cercarial emissions in <i>L. natalensis</i> and <i>B. pfeifferi</i> were higher in hot and cold dry seasons; on the other hand, cercarial emissions in <i>B. globosus</i> were higher in hot dry seasons (31.48%) and rainy seasons (23.38%). Emissions of cercariae from <i>S. haematobium</i> are related to areas of human activity and defecation, while those of <i>F. gigantica</i> in <i>L. natalensis</i>, <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> in <i>B. tropicus</i>, and <i>S. mansoni</i> in <i>B. pfeifferi</i> are related to grazing areas. Mayo-Vreck is a site that favors the endemicity of fascioliasis and human schistosomiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9527349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10611546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71412731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Polymorphisms of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases and Susceptibility to Antituberculosis Drug-Induced Liver Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Xinyu Chen,&nbsp;Zhuolu Hao,&nbsp;Nannan Wang,&nbsp;Jia Zhu,&nbsp;Honggang Yi,&nbsp;Shaowen Tang","doi":"10.1155/2023/5044451","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/5044451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PRISMA statement was strictly followed, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022339317). The PICOS framework was used: patients received antituberculosis treatment, UGTs polymorphisms (mutants), UGTs polymorphisms (wild), AT-DILI, and case-control studies. Eligible studies were searched through nine databases up to April 27, 2022. The study's qualities were assessed by the revised Little's recommendations. Meta-analysis was conducted with a random-effects model using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) as the effect size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve case-control studies with 2128 cases and 4338 controls were included, and 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the seven UGT genes have been reported in Chinese and Korean. All studies were judged as high quality. The pooled results indicated that UGT1A1 rs3755319 (AC vs. AA, OR = 1.454, 95% CI: 1.100-1.921, <i>P</i> = 0.009), UGT2B7 rs7662029 (G vs. A, OR = 1.547, 95% CI: 1.249-1.917, <i>P</i> < 0.0001; GG + AG vs. AA, OR = 2.371, 95% CI: 1.779-3.160, <i>P</i> < 0.0001; AG vs. AA, OR = 2.686, 95% CI: 1.988-3.627, <i>P</i> < 0.0001), and UGT2B7 rs7439366 (C vs. T, OR = 0.585, 95% CI: 0.477-0.717, <i>P</i> < 0.0001; CC + TC vs. TT, OR = 0.347, 95% CI: 0.238-0.506, <i>P</i> < 0.0001; CC vs. TC + TT, OR = 0.675, 95% CI: 0.507-0.898, <i>P</i> = 0.007) might be associated with the risk of AT-DILI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The polymorphisms of UGT1A1 rs3755319, UGT2B7 rs7662029, and UGT2B7 rs7439366 were significantly associated with AT-DILI susceptibility. However, this conclusion should be interpreted with caution due to the low number of studies and the relatively small sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5044451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10586897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49691185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Incidence of Infection Complicating Snakebites in Tropical Australia: Implications for Clinical Management and Antimicrobial Prophylaxis.","authors":"Laura K Smith,&nbsp;John Vardanega,&nbsp;Simon Smith,&nbsp;Julian White,&nbsp;Mark Little,&nbsp;Josh Hanson","doi":"10.1155/2023/5812766","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/5812766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To define the incidence of infection following snakebite in tropical Australia and the resulting implications for the routine prescription of prophylactic antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study of all individuals presenting to Cairns Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital in tropical Australia, after a snakebite between December 2013 and October 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 732 hospitalisations, 720 (98.4%) patients presented within 8 hours of the snakebite, and 29/732 (4.0%) were envenomated. Envenomated patients were more likely to receive empirical antibiotics than nonenvenomated patients (8/29 (27.6%) versus 14/703 (2.0%), <i>p</i> < 0.001), although this was frequently as a bundle of care for critically ill individuals. Superficial skin infection was diagnosed by clinicians in 6/732 (0.8%) patients during their hospitalisation; infection was diagnosed more commonly in envenomated than in nonenvenomated patients (3/29 (10.3%) versus 3/703 (0.4%), <i>p</i> = 0.001). All 3 envenomated individuals diagnosed with infection were believed to have taipan (genus <i>Oxyuranus</i>) bites. Five (83%) of the six patients diagnosed with infection had received empirical antibiotics at presentation; only 1/710 (0.1%) patients who received no antibiotics developed a (superficial) infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infection is a very uncommon complication of snakebite in tropical Australia. Individuals bitten by snakes in tropical Australia should not routinely receive antibiotic prophylaxis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5812766"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10586896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49691186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of Autophagy in Heat-Stressed Sperm of Adult Mice: A Possible Role of Catsper1, 2 Channel Proteins.","authors":"Malihe Soltani,&nbsp;Majid Rahmati,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Nikravesh,&nbsp;Shahin Saeedi Nejat,&nbsp;Mahdi Jalali","doi":"10.1155/2023/6890815","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6890815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Various phenomena guarantee gamete maturation and formation at all stages of evolution, one of which is autophagy playing a critical role in the final morphology of gametes, particularly sperms. Autophagy is influenced by oxidative stress, disturbances of calcium homeostasis, and hyperthermia conditions. The current study aimed to assess the autophagy-related proteins along with the activity of sperm calcium channel (CatSper) proteins following the induction of heat stress (HS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study sample includes two groups of adult mice: sham and HS groups. In the HS group, the right testis was transferred to the abdominal cavity for 120 hours and then returned to the scrotum where it remained for 7 days. After 7 days, the testis and epididymis were removed to conduct real-time, immunohistochemical studies, sperm parameter evaluation, and seminiferous tubule assessment. In this study, the expression and distribution of autophagy proteins were measured. Plus, CatSper1 and CatSper2 were evaluated as proteins of calcium channels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the present study demonstrated that the expression intensity of autophagy indices in seminiferous tubules decreased significantly after HS induction, which was associated with a decrease in the distribution of CatSper proteins in the sperms. HS led to morphological changes in sperm, reduced motility and viability of sperm, and decreased spermatogenesis indices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, following heat stress, the decrease in CatSper protein distribution may lead to the structural disorder of CatSper channels, which could strongly affect autophagic activity. Also, disruption of spermatogenesis and sperm parameters may be the consequence of decreased autophagy activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6890815"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10578978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41236428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}