Journal of Tropical Medicine最新文献

{"title":"In Vitro Antibacterial Potential of Herbal Beverage Extracts From Cinnamon, Clove, and Thyme and Their Interactive Antimicrobial Profile With Selected Antibiotics Against Drug-Resistant Clinical Pathogens.","authors":"Armel Jackson Seukep, Ojong Carlos Gerard Ojong, Helene Gueaba Mbuntcha, Valaire Yemene Matieta, Elisabeth Menkem Zeuko'o, Arnaud Fondjo Kouam, Victor Kuete, Lucy Ayamba Ndip","doi":"10.1155/jotm/9916282","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jotm/9916282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increase in antibiotic resistance has increased the demand for new and safe therapeutic options. Herbal beverages, whether used alone or combined with standard antibiotics, have shown promise in combating drug-resistant bacteria. This study investigated the antibacterial activity and combinatorial efficacy of common herbal beverages prepared from clove, cinnamon, and thyme. The inhibitory and cidal effects were examined using MIC and MBC on a panel of 14 multidrug-resistant strains and clinical isolates (resistant to ciprofloxacin (CIP), tetracycline (TET), and erythromycin (ERY)), including <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> species, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. The combinatorial efficacy was further evaluated using a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICi). Qualitative phytochemical screening of the plant extracts followed established protocols. The tested botanicals showed inhibitory effects against all 14 tested bacteria, with varying degrees of potency (MICs ranged from 13.33 ± 2.67 to 1024 ± 0.00 μg/mL). The aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of clove demonstrated the highest activity, with most MIC values ranging from 13.33 ± 2.67 to 256 ± 0.00 μg/mL, indicating excellent to good efficacy. When combined with TET, CIP, and ERY, clove extracts exhibited significant synergistic and additive interactions, leading to more than a 100-fold reduction in the MICs of the antibiotics in some cases. The most notable synergistic interactions were observed with the combination of clove hydroethanol extract with TET (FICi = 0.078 ± 0.016) against <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. The findings indicate possible optimization of antibiotic treatment strategies using these combinations, which may help mitigate antibiotic resistance and improve patient outcomes. However, an antagonistic effect was observed with the clove aqueous extract and CIP on <i>S. aureus</i>, which may require further evaluation. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of several major bioactive secondary metabolites, including phenols, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins, saponins, and alkaloids. Overall, the tested botanicals, particularly clove, demonstrate considerable potential in fighting drug-resistant bacteria, either through direct action or by enhancing the effectiveness of existing antibiotics. Further, in vivo testing and investigation of the mechanisms behind the active combinations are recommended to assess their overall efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9916282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Juglans regia <i>L</i>. (Walnut) Leaf Extract Ameliorates Pulmonary Edema Against Airway Inflammation via Upregulation of Tight Junction Proteins and Heme Oxygenase-1 in the Lungs of Asthmatic Mice.","authors":"Neelam Arshed, Arham Shabbir, Humaira Majeed Khan, Tabinda Fatima, Esraa M Haji, Farhan K Alswailmi, Ali F Almutairy, Ashfaq Ahmad","doi":"10.1155/jotm/6976932","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jotm/6976932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> <i>Juglans regia</i> L. is renowned for its traditional use as a cure for respiratory diseases such as asthma and sinusitis. <b>Objectives:</b> This study was intended to assess the protective mechanism of the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of the leaf of <i>Juglans regia</i> L. against airway inflammation and pulmonary edema by measuring the expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), occludin, and Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the lung tissues. <b>Methods:</b> Ovalbumin (OVA) was used intraperitoneally to sensitize mice on Days 0 and 14 to induce allergic asthma by the intraperitoneal route. Animals were divided into 5 groups, consisting of normal control (NC), disease group (OVA, i.p), low-dose <i>J. regia</i> (LDJR) and high-dose <i>J. regia</i> (HDJR), methylprednisolone (MP), and reference control (RC) drug. On the 28^th day, blood and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected for total leukocyte (TLC) and differential leukocyte (DLC) analysis. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of the lungs were performed for the architectural changes caused by OVA-induced bronchial asthma. Tight junction proteins were assessed by measuring the expression levels of HO-1, occludin, and ZO-1 in the lung tissues by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. <b>Results:</b> Scores of inflammations, edema, and goblet cell hyperplasia were significantly increased (all <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) in the DC group compared to the NC group, while treatment with LDJR and HDJR significantly reduced (all <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) the scores of inflammations, edema, and goblet cell hyperplasia compared to the DC group. Real-time polymerase chain reaction data showed that expression levels of HO-1, occludin, and ZO-1 in lung tissues of the DC group were significantly reduced (all <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05), when the same was compared to the NC group, while treatment with LDJR and HDJR significantly increased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) their expression level when compared to the DC group. <b>Conclusion:</b> <i>Juglans regia</i> L.'s hydroalcoholic extract possesses antiasthmatic activity by normalizing the TLC cells and DLC cells. <i>Juglans regia</i> L.'s hydroalcoholic extract resulted in the amelioration of pulmonary edema which is attributed to the upregulation of HO-1, occludin, and ZO-1 in the lung tissues of the <i>Juglans regia L. treated</i> groups when compared to the diseased control group. Administration of <i>Juglans regia</i> L.'s extract also reduces the scores of inflammation and vascular congestion by evaluation of the lungs' histopathology in the disease control group when compared to the NC group.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6976932"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neglected Tropical Diseases and Female Infertility: Possible Pathophysiological Mechanisms.","authors":"Moses Agbomhere Hamed, Olabanji Ahmed Surakat, Victor Olukayode Ekundina, Kabirat Bolajoko Jimoh, Adetomiwa Ezekiel Adeogun, Nafisat Omolola Akanji, Oluwafemi Joshua Babalola, Patrick Chukwunonso Eya","doi":"10.1155/jotm/2126664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jotm/2126664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Battling female infertility has posed a global challenge, where neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are nonetheless a notable contributing factor. NTDs affect a variety of diseases, often of a chronic nature, which are often cited as some of the most lethal diseases operating against the most economically disadvantaged populations across the globe. The various causative agents for NTDs have been documented and could originate from a myriad of sources-from bacteria, fungi and viruses to ecto- and endoparasitic species-including but not limited to helminths and protozoa. This paper will seek to describe how NTDs influence female reproductive health, together with likely mediators. While these diseases have curable forms, their effects have gone well beyond female infertility, to major pain, disability and even mortality, particularly in poorer countries, thus causing economic hardship, reduced productivity and a pool of social stigma. NTDs adversely affect female reproductive functions through multiple mechanisms, including ROS-sensitive signalling, depression of steroidogenic markers and promotion of apoptosis. The effects also may reflect their influence on ovarian histomorphology, consequently resulting in female infertility. Current-directed studies, however, suggest a potential benefit in combining drugs for the most common NTDs as a deterrent to possible female infertility endowed by NTD infection. Nonetheless, further clinical investigations will be instrumental in elucidating the probable preventive value of combination drugs as adjuvant therapy to NTDs infections. This will provide comprehensive insight into the pathophysiological and molecular basis for the impairment of female fertility brought about by NTDs, leading to the development of preventive models to curb the adverse effects of NTDs on female reproductive health. Therefore, attention should be given to providing the right, timely and effective mode of treatment for NTDs-related female infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2126664"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Study of Propolis Compounds of Sulabiroin-A, Sulabiroin-B, and Broussoflavonol F Toward Tuberculosis 3PTY Target Protein.","authors":"Jaka Fajar Fatriansyah, Agrin Febrian Pradana, Anggit Driasaditya, Aditya Asprilla Sinaga, Muhamad Sahlan, Siti Norasmah Surip","doi":"10.1155/jotm/6631193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jotm/6631193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to assess propolis compounds of sulabiroin-A, sulabiroin-B, and broussoflavonol F as tuberculosis (TB) inhibitors with rifampicin as the control ligand. TB remains a significant world health concern, requiring the development of new drug candidates to address more drug-resistant variants. The target protein chosen was 3PTY. The molecular docking simulation showed that sulabiroin-A, sulabiroin-B, and broussoflavonol F docking scores are comparable to rifampicin, with the order of docking score from least favorable to more favorable is sulabiroin-B< sulabiroin-A< rifampicin< broussoflavonol F (-3.397, -3.449, -5.256, -5.961). Molecular dynamics simulations also demonstrated that sulabiroin-B exhibited stable interactions with the target protein, comparable to rifampicin, while sulabiroin-A and broussoflavonol F demonstrated increased fluctuation, suggesting possible instability. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) study verified that all three drugs possess advantageous pharmacokinetic characteristics, with broussoflavonol F exhibiting the most favorable safety and tolerability profile. According to these findings, sulabiroin-B is recognized as the most promising candidate for TB treatment owing to its enhanced stability in molecular dynamics simulations, although broussoflavonol F and sulabiroin-A exhibit intermediate promise. Additional experimental validation is advised to verify their therapeutic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6631193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Species Characterization, and Genetic Diversity of <i>Bartonella</i> Infections in Rodents From Mudflat Wetlands Along the Eastern Coast of Jiangsu Province in China.","authors":"Chen Guoqing, Li Chunxiang, Cui Qian, Li Changcheng, Yang Pengfei, Yan Qingli, An Ran, Liu Wei, Li Feng, Lu Kuikui, Zhang Hongjun, Peng Haiyan","doi":"10.1155/jotm/9926259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jotm/9926259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the infection status, species composition, and genetic diversity of <i>Bartonella</i> in local rodent populations in coastal mudflat wetland habitats in eastern Jiangsu Province of China. <b>Methods:</b> From March to June 2023, rodents were captured in mudflat wetlands of Dongtai and Tinghu Counties, Eastern China. Rodent species were identified, and nucleic acids were extracted from liver and spleen tissues. The mitochondrial cytochrome b (mt-<i>cytb</i>) gene was amplified by PCR, while <i>Bartonella</i>-specific citrate synthase (<i>gltA</i>) and 16S rRNA genes were amplified by semi-nested PCR. Phylogenetic and homology analyses were conducted to identify rodent and <i>Bartonella</i> species. <b>Results:</b> Among 29 captured rodents, 26 were <i>Apodemus agrarius</i> and 3 were <i>Mus musculus</i>. Phylogenetic analysis of the mt-<i>cytb</i> gene divided <i>A. agrarius</i> into 7 lineages, each linked to geographically diverse <i>Bartonella</i> populations. Six <i>A. agrarius</i> rodents tested positive for <i>Bartonella</i>, with a positivity rate of 20.69%. Phylogenetic analyses revealed three <i>Bartonella</i> species: <i>B. fuyuanensis</i>, <i>B. taylorii</i>, and one undetermined species. The infected <i>Bartonella</i> strains clustered into three evolutionary branches based on <i>gltA</i> and 16S rRNA genes. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study provides the first evidence of <i>Bartonella</i> infection among rodent populations in wetland habitats along China's eastern coast. The region harbors diverse rodent species, with a high <i>Bartonella</i> infection rate, and at least three species were identified, including a potential novel species.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9926259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12043437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Characterization of NDM-1 Harboring Extensively-Drug Resistance <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Isolate From ICU-Admitted Patient With COVID-19.","authors":"Abolfazl Rafati Zomorodi, Himen Salimizand, Niloufar Mohseni, Maryam Hafiz, Helia Nikoueian, Tahereh Gholamhosseini-Moghaddam, Fatemeh Aflakian","doi":"10.1155/jotm/6616950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jotm/6616950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CR-KP) strains, particularly those producing New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM), are increasingly recognized as a significant threat to global health. The present study aimed to conduct a genomic analysis of an NDM-1-producing CR-KP strain isolated from patients with coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolate was obtained from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a 68 year-old male patient hospitalized in the ICU with COVID-19 at Besat Hospital in Sanandaj, Iran. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for 15 antibiotics were determined using the VITEK 2 system. Genomic analysis of the isolate was performed using whole genome sequencing. The CRKP-51 strain was identified as an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strain, exhibiting resistance to all tested antibiotics except tigecycline (MIC = 2 μg/mL). The highest resistance values were recorded against sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT), nitrofurantoin (NIT), and piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP), with MICs of ≥ 320, 256 μg/mL, and ≥ 128 μg/mL, respectively. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that CRKP-51 belonged to sequence type 15 (ST15). The IncHI1B replicon type associated with this strain harbored several resistance genes, including <i>bla</i> _<i>NDM</i>-1 <i>, armA</i>, <i>msrE</i>, <i>mphE</i>, <i>BRP</i> (MBL), <i>bla</i> _<i>OXA</i>-1, <i>aadA</i>2, <i>dfrA</i>12, <i>qnrB</i>1, <i>bla</i> _{<i>CTX</i>-<i>M</i>-15}, and <i>cat</i>1. High-risk <i>K. pneumoniae</i> clones, such as ST15, are increasingly associated with antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of XDR strains in ICUs. Additionally, the global dissemination of the NDM enzyme occurs through various plasmid replicon types. Therefore, monitoring local epidemiology is essential for the effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6616950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Insecticide-Treated Net Utilization for Malaria Prevention Among Under-Five Children in The Gambia: Evidence From National Survey.","authors":"Amadou Barrow, Bakary Kinteh, Mansour Badjie, Amadou Kongira, Ayodeji Matthew Adebayo, Rex A Kuye, Edrisa Sanyang","doi":"10.1155/jotm/6340482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jotm/6340482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Malaria is one of the deadliest mosquito-borne diseases. Despite the demonstrated benefits of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) usage in children under 5 years of age, nonuse is linked to higher mortality and morbidity rates. This study examined how child-, maternal-, household-, and community-level determinants influence ITN utilization among children under 5 in The Gambia for malaria prevention. It further elucidates how household environment, infrastructure, and drinking water sources mediate under-5 ITN utilization in The Gambia. <b>Method:</b> Secondary data analysis of The Gambia Demographic Health Survey (2019-2020) was conducted in this study. We used Chi-square test, linear model ANOVA, multivariable regression model, and mediation analysis to analyze the influence of child-, maternal-, household-, and community-level factors on under-5 ITN utilization in The Gambia. We computed crude and adjusted odds ratios (cOR and aOR, respectively) for potential confounders across groups, with statistical significance set at <i>p</i> < 0.05, and 95% confidence interval (CI). <b>Results:</b> The prevalence of ITN utilization among under-5 children was 63.4% (95% CI: 61.0%, 65.8%). This study identified several significant factors influencing under-5 ITN utilization in The Gambia, such as children's anemia status (aOR = 0.53, 95% CI [0.27, 0.97], <i>p</i> = 0.050), mother's literacy (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI [0.61, 0.96], <i>p</i> = 0.021), female household heads (aOR = 0.67, 95% CI [0.56, 0.81], <i>p</i> < 0.001), household wealth index (aOR = 0.55, 95% CI [0.42, 0.72], <i>p</i> < 0.001), and residence (aOR = 1.30, 95% CI [1.04, 1.62], <i>p</i> = 0.022). Ethnicity and region also influenced ITN utilization, with variations across different ethnic groups and regions (including Kerewan aOR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.54, 3.39], <i>p</i> < 0.001). Mediation analysis highlighted both the direct and indirect effects of household infrastructure and drinking water sources on ITN utilization, emphasizing the multifaceted nature of the factors influencing ITN use in this context. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study elucidates the complex factors influencing ITN utilization among children under 5 years of age in The Gambia. The nuanced understanding of individual-, household-, and community-level factors offers a robust foundation for targeted strategies for malaria prevention, with far-reaching implications for public health policy and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6340482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants Associated With CD4 Cell Count and Disclosure Status Among First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Patients Treated at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.","authors":"Abdela Assefa Bekele, Awoke Seyoum Tegegne, Nurye Seid Muhie","doi":"10.1155/jotm/5989447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jotm/5989447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> In the last two decades, Human immune deficiency virus has been a major health concern in sub-Saharan Africa particularly in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to identify determinants associated with CD4 cell count and disclosure status among first-line antiretroviral therapy patients treated at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective study was conducted at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Data analysis was conducted using Statistical System Analysis (SAS) software Version 9.4. In this study, quasi-Poisson mixed-effects model for CD4 cell count, a binary logistic regression model for disclosure status, and joint modeling were used. <b>Result:</b> Out of 300 adult participants, around 76% of the patients were discloses their disease status to their family members. The correlation between CD4 cell count and disclosure was positive (0.4607). The current study indicates that among the predictor variables, noneducators (<i>β</i> = -0.6185, <i>p</i>-value < 0.01), primary educators (<i>β</i> = -0.3687, <i>p</i>-value < 0.01), employed patients (<i>β</i> = 0.3888, <i>p</i>-value < 0.01), adherent patients (<i>β</i> = 0.2274, <i>p</i>-value < 0.01), and patients who did not had social support (<i>β</i> = -0.1148, <i>p</i>-value = 0.030) have a significant effect for CD4 cell count. Similarly, noneducators (AOR = 0.000145, <i>p</i>-value < 0.01), primary educators (AOR = 0.004413, <i>p</i>-value < 0.01), employed patients (AOR = 3.4562, <i>p</i>-value = 0.021), adherent patients (AOR = 1.564, <i>p</i>-value < 0.01), and patients who did not had social support (AOR = 0.075, <i>p</i>-value = 0.0078) had a significant effect for disclosure status. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study concluded that patients who had disclosed their disease status to near relatives or families have a positive correlation with CD4 cell count through time. This study also concluded that significant determinants affected both the variables of interest were educational level, occupation, adherence, and social support. Health professionals should give more attention to these important determinants to create good status of patients. In addition, health staff should conduct health-related studies for individuals to understand better ART follow-up. Patients should be adhere to their prescribed HIV medication properly on time and disclose their disease status without fearing stigma and discrimination to the community; this may help to increase their CD4 cell count. The family members should give social support to the infected patients, and the government should work on education; this may help to improve their CD4 cell count and increase the prevalence of disclosure of the disease status. The authors also recommended that further studies of this nature include other important variables that are not included in this study such as income of the patients and many other covariates.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5989447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12009679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated With Dengue Severity in Pediatric Cases, Eastern India.","authors":"Sagnika Samal, Manoj Kumar Dash, Chinmay Kumar Behera, Gyanraj Singh, Mahesh Chandra Sahu, Biswadeep Das","doi":"10.1155/jotm/2863024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jotm/2863024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin D is an important modulator of host immune response during immunity development in context to several diseases in children. This study included 280 pediatric dengue cases, which were further stratified as dengue fever (DF), dengue with warning signs (DWS), and severe dengue (SD), wherein naturally circulating vitamin D metabolite, 25(OH)D was assessed, followed by statistical analysis for elucidating the role of serum 25(OH)D in dengue severity. qRT-PCR based serotyping showed that dengue virus (DENV)-2 was the major circulating DENV serotype in the patients. Among DENV cases, 92 (32.86%), 108 (38.57%), and 80 (28.57%) were diagnosed with DF, DWS, and SD, respectively. Among SD patients, serum 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency were observed in 37 (46.25%) and 43 (53.75%) patients, respectively, and found to be significantly associated with SD (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in comparison to DF and DWS. Serum 25(OH)D sufficiency had a protective effect against dengue severity and could be a determinant for DENV outcome in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2863024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11991798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B Vaccine Nonresponse and Associated Risk Factors: Insights From a Cohort Study.","authors":"Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu, Abdulgafar Olayiwola Jimoh, Sa'adatu Haruna Shinkafi, Albashir Tahir, Ahmed Subeh Alshrari, Muhammad Tukur Umar, Abdulmajeed Yunusa, Nura Bello, Nura Abubakar","doi":"10.1155/jotm/3879562","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jotm/3879562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a critical global health issue, particularly in high-burden regions with substantial global morbidity and mortality. Despite the efficacy of the hepatitis B vaccine in inducing immunity, a subset of vaccinated individuals fails to achieve adequate immunity. This study investigated the factors influencing immunological response to the hepatitis B vaccine among Nigerian adults. A cohort study was conducted at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, involving 307 participants aged 19-60 who had not previously received the hepatitis B vaccine. Data were collected using structured questionnaires assessing demographic characteristics, medical history, and lifestyle factors. Participants received GeneVac-B, a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, and 0-, 1-, and 2-month schedule anti-HB levels were measured post-vaccination using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (AccuDiag ELISA, Diagnostic Automation/Cortez Diagnostics, Inc., USA) to classify vaccine response. The association between demographic and lifestyle factors and vaccine response was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 25). Of the 307 participants, 209 received the first vaccine dose, and 192 completed all three doses. Anti-HB quantification revealed that 94.3% of the participants achieved protective immunity (≥ 10 IU/L), while 5.7% were classified as nonresponders (< 10 IU/L). Statistical analysis indicated significant differences in the immune response based on gender (<i>p</i> = 0.031), with females exhibiting higher mean anti-HB levels than males. Negative correlations were observed between age and vaccine response (<i>ρ</i> = -0.296, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and between body mass index (BMI) and response, although the latter was not statistically significant (<i>ρ</i> = -0.131, <i>p</i> = 0.071). Prior tuberculosis, malaria, measles, smoking, and alcohol use showed no significant impact on the immune response, although recurrent malaria, measles, and smoking were associated with slightly lower mean antibody levels. The study indicates gender and age significantly influence hepatitis B vaccine response, with females and younger individuals demonstrating stronger immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3879562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}