Journal of Tropical Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Therapeutic Efficacy of Quercetin and Its Nanoformulation Both the Mono- or Combination Therapies in the Management of Cancer: An Update with Molecular Mechanisms.","authors":"Tanzila Akter Eity, Md Shimul Bhuia, Raihan Chowdhury, Shakil Ahmmed, Salehin Sheikh, Rima Akter, Muhammad Torequl Islam","doi":"10.1155/2024/5594462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5594462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quercetin, a major representative of the flavonol subclass found abundantly in almost all edible vegetables and fruits, showed remarkable therapeutic properties and was beneficial in numerous degenerative diseases by preventing lipid peroxidation. Quercetin is beneficial in different diseases, such as atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation. This study aims to find out the anticancer activities of quercetin and to determine different mechanisms and pathways which are responsible for the anticancer effect. It also revealed the biopharmaceutical, toxicological characteristics, and clinical utilization of quercetin to evaluate its suitability for further investigations as a reliable anticancer drug. All of the relevant data concerning this compound with cancer was collected using different scientific search engines, including PubMed, Springer Link, Wiley Online, Web of Science, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. This review demonstrated that quercetin showed strong anticancer properties, including apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of angiogenesis, and inhibition of invasion and migration against various types of cancer. Findings also revealed that quercetin could significantly moderate and regulate different pathways, including PI3K/AKT-mTORC1 pathway, JAK/STAT signaling system, MAPK signaling pathway, MMP signaling pathway, NF-<i>κ</i>B pathway, and p-Camk2/p-DRP1 pathway. However, this study found that quercetin showed poor oral bioavailability due to reduced absorption; this limitation is overcome by applying nanotechnology (nanoformulation of quercetin). Moreover, different investigations revealed that quercetin expressed no toxic effect in the investigated subjects. Based on the view of these findings, it is demonstrated that quercetin might be considered a reliable chemotherapeutic drug candidate in the treatment of different cancers. However, more clinical studies are suggested to establish the proper therapeutic efficacy, safety, and human dose.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5594462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11461079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Mosquito Faunal Diversity: An Approach to Assess the Burden of Vector-Borne Diseases in Three Representative Topographies (Rural, Urban, and Peri-Urban) of Ganjam District in Odisha State, India.","authors":"Deepika Panda, Rabi Sankar Pandit, Bijayalaxmi Sahu, Raghavendra Kamaraju, Tapan Kumar Barik","doi":"10.1155/2024/9701356","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9701356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mosquitoes are the best-known disease vectors for most vector-borne diseases that significantly impact global health in terms of morbidity and mortality. In a geographical area, mosquito faunal diversity often alters with changing climatic factors and variable breeding habitats that differ across seasons. Using biodiversity indicators as tools, a study was conducted in rural, peri-urban, and urban areas of district Ganjam, Odisha state, to determine mosquito faunal diversity as an approach to forecast the possible risk of disease transmission in the three representative topographies. A two-year study was undertaken to assess the alpha diversity of mosquito species by the numerical strength of the species using various eco-diversity indices. Species richness and abundance of mosquito species are significantly higher in peri-urban areas compared to urban and rural areas. The species dominance of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> was observed in all three topographies, while <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, <i>Aedes albopictus</i>, and <i>Anopheles stephensi</i> were in urban areas. Species richness may dilute the risk of disease in an area, but increased species dominance, mostly vector species, in a new habitat often allows pathogens to infect newer communities at risk, leading to the emergence of new diseases. The current study indicates the possible risk of lymphatic filariasis (LF) infection in all three topographies. On the other hand, the risk of malaria and dengue/chikungunya transmission is higher in urban areas. With routine entomological monitoring, including vector incrimination, the biodiversity indicators will be the best tool to forecast the risk of vector-borne diseases in an area; accordingly, judicious vector control strategies can be adopted.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9701356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11455597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Effects of Albendazole-Loaded Sulfonated Graphene Oxide on <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> Protoscoleces: An <i>In Vitro</i> Investigation.","authors":"Mohammad Reza Lashkarizadeh, Mohammad Shafie'ei, Mahdiyeh Lashkarizadeh, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi, Ghazaleh Sheibani, Zahra Akbari, Haniyeh Daneshafruz, Ali Derakhshani, Faham Khamesipour","doi":"10.1155/2024/4851392","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4851392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Due to Albendazole's relatively low efficacy and bioavailability, Echinococcosis has proven a challenge to manage successfully, with several studies investigating ways to improve the outcome, mainly showing mixed results. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate whether Sulfonated Graphene Oxide (S-GO), as nanocarriers, could improve the mentioned outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>Echinococcus</i> protoscoleces were divided into four groups based on the agent they received, which comprised control, S-GO, Albendazole, and Albendazole-loaded S-GO (S-GO-Albendazole). Then, the <i>Bax</i> and <i>Bcl-2</i> gene expression levels and the number of surviving protoscoleces in each group were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Bax</i> gene expression increased by 121% in the 50 <i>μ</i>g/ml concentration of the S-GO-Albendazole, while <i>Bcl-2</i> gene expression decreased by 64%. Moreover, S-GO-Albendazole was approximately 18% more effective at neutralizing protoscoleces than Albendazole and 14% and 31% more effective at improving the expression of the mentioned genes, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, the number of surviving protoscoleces after exposure to the mentioned concentration reduced by approximately 99%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>S-GO, despite not having significant lethality on protoscoleces, significantly increased the lethality of Albendazole and, therefore, is a suitable nanocarrier. However, we recommend conducting <i>in vivo</i> and clinical studies to more accurately determine this nanocomplex's potential and side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4851392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11452239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wound Healing and Acute Dermal Toxicity Studies of <i>Ludwigia octovalvis</i> (Jacq.) P. H. Raven (Onagraceae) in <i>Sprague-Dawley</i> Rats.","authors":"Martin Boadi, Stephen Yao Gbedema, Yaw Duah Boakye, Marcel Tunkumgnen Bayor, Eugene Agyei Aboagye","doi":"10.1155/2024/9576349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9576349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aerial part of <i>Ludwigia octovalvis</i> has been used traditionally in some parts of Asia for the management of wounds owing to the presence of phytochemicals such as tannins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids among others. The incidence of wounds, their associated complications, and the cost of wound care are on the increase globally, therefore, the need to develop alternative wound care agents. The aim of this study was to scientifically investigate the wound healing potential of the ethanolic extract of <i>L. octovalvis</i> using the excision wound healing model in rats and also carry out an acute dermal toxicity investigation of the plant extract.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A 70% ethanol extract of <i>L. octovalvis</i> was prepared for the wound healing activity using the excision wound healing model in <i>Sprague-Dawley</i> rats. Aqueous creams (1, 3, and 10%) were prepared and topically applied to the wounds once daily according to the groups of animals. The wounds were assessed for rates of wound closure on days 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11. Re-epithelialization periods were also determined. Sections of wound tissues obtained on day 13 were subjected to histological investigations. An acute dermal toxicity of the plant extract was investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>L. octovalvis</i> treatment (1, 3, and 10%) exhibited a mean percentage wound contraction range of 85.36 ± 7.22-94.14 ± 2.23 on day 11. The extract exhibited re-epithelialization periods of 17.3 ± 1.2, 19.8 ± 2.6, and 16.0 ± 1.7 days for the 1, 3, and 10% extract creams, respectively, whereas the cream-only and 1% silver sulfadiazine treatments resulted in a re-epithelialization period of greater than 28 days. Histopathological investigation revealed enhanced fibroblast infiltration and collagen deposition in the treatment groups. No adverse reaction was observed in the acute dermal toxicity study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Extract of <i>L. octovalvis</i> exhibited wound healing by enhancing wound contraction, re-epithelialization, fibroblast infiltration, and collagen deposition at the wound site. The extract did not exhibit any toxic reaction in the acute dermal toxicity study.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9576349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11427741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Dengue and SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Vinayaka Korishetty, Pooja Rao, Suchitra Shenoy, Udayalaxmi Jeppu, Keerthiraj B","doi":"10.1155/2024/6788850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6788850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Coinfection of dengue virus and SARS-CoV-2 infections in dengue-endemic areas is a significant public health concern. Coinfections can result in severe illness. Hence, this study determines the incidence of dengue and COVID-19 coinfection for a better understanding of the clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, and outcomes including mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The patients admitted to two tertiary hospitals with RT PCR-proven COVID-19 infection and dengue positive by NS1 rapid antigen or IgM dengue ELISA for two years between January 2020 and December 2022 were considered. Clinical data were retrieved from medical records including the laboratory findings and outcomes of these patients. The categorical data were analyzed in the form of frequency and proportion. The quantitative data were analyzed in the form of mean, median, and proportion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 2301 confirmed dengue samples and 3718 confirmed COVID-19 samples, there were 14 cases of coinfection with the presence of COVID-19 and dengue infection at the same time. ICU admission of 14.2% and mean hospital stay of 7 days were noted. Mainly the symptoms reported were fever at 92.9%, myalgia at 35.7%, and headache, vomiting, and cough at 28.6%. The laboratory findings were elevated lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein in 100% of patients, elevated ferritin in 92.9%, thrombocytopenia in 71.4%, elevated AST and ALT in 71.4%, and elevated D-dimer in 57.1% of patients. There was no effect on morbidity and mortality seen among coinfection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>COVID-19 and dengue share similar clinical features and laboratory findings. Diagnosis of one disease cannot rule out the presence of other infections. There might be chances of misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. Hence, it is important to stress about early detection using specific methods and confirmation of disease with timely management, as it is a potentially new dimension for public health concern and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6788850"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11427724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Anti-Shigella, Antioxidant Activities, and Oral Acute Toxicity of Organics Extracts from the Root Bark of Detarium microcarpum Guill. and Perr.","authors":"Hama Hamadou Habibou,Mahamane Idi Issa Abdoulahi,Ikhiri Khalid","doi":"10.1155/2024/1330063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1330063","url":null,"abstract":"Detarium microcarpum (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant from the traditional pharmacopeia of Niger used against gastrointestinal disorders and dysentery. This study was designed to assess the in vitro anti-shigella, antioxidant activities, and oral acute toxicity of extract root barks of Detarium microcarpum. The crude extracts were prepared by maceration using methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, water-ethanol (30/70 v/v), and methanol-dichloromethane (1/1 v/v). The anti-shigella activity was performed using the microdilution method coupled with the resazurin-based assay. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH· (2, 2-diphényl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and H2O2 assays. The oral acute toxicity was assessed following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The extracts displayed activity against the Shigella boydii with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) from 500 to 1000 μg/mL. The methanolic crude extract of D. microcarpum shows good antioxidant activity with the radicals DPPH· and ABTS with inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) at 228 and 191 µg/mL, respectively. The lethal dose 50 (LD50) of extract was up to 2000 mg/kg of body weight, and no signs of toxicity were observed. These findings supported the use of Detarium microcarpum in the traditional treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":"1330063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common Risk Factors for CD4 Cell Count and Hemoglobin Level among Female Adult HIV-Positive Patients: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Nurye Seid Muhie","doi":"10.1155/2024/8461788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8461788","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundHIV is one of the most significant worldwide health concerns of the twenty-first century and a serious threat to human society. Hemoglobin level and CD4 cell count are two of the most important biomarkers of HIV progression and patient survival. The objective of this study was to identify common risk factors associated with CD4 cell count and hemoglobin level among adult female HIV-positive patients treated with ART at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.MethodsThe source of data in this study was secondary data conducted in the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from September 2015 to March 2022 . Data exploration in this study was normal histogram plot, box plot, and Q-Q plot considered to gain some visions of the data related to CD4 cell count and hemoglobin level. A Bayesian joint model was used in this longitudinal data set to get a wide range of information about adult female HIV-patients.ResultsThe mean with a standard deviation of hematocrit (%), red blood cell (106/μl), lymphocyte (%), and weight (kg) of female patients were 37.2 (3.8), 4.0 (1.6), 43.6 (11.8), and 44.9 (9.4), respectively. In this study, the random intercept model for CD4 cell count and the random intercept and slope model for hemoglobin level were considered as the best selected model. Visit time, hematocrit, weight, RBC, lymphocyte count, educational status, marital status, disclosure, and substance use were common risk factors for CD4 cell count and hemoglobin level.ConclusionThis study concluded that, the risk factors visit time, weight, secondary educators, tertiary educators, married patients, patients who disclosed their HIV status to family members were associated with high CD4 cell count and hemoglobin level. While, hematocrit, RBC, lymphocyte count, separated marital status, widowed marital status, and substance-addicted patients were associated with low CD4 cell count and hemoglobin level. The author recommended that FMOH or other health professionals, program planners, decision makers, project implementers, government, and nongovernmental organizations should be given special attention for adult female patinets to minimize the risk of HIV progression and improve their health status. The author also recommended that health staff should conduct health-related studies for patients to examine continuous checkups. Health professionals also should give more attention to types of ART medication to reduce the progression of disease when the patients come back again into the hospital. Finally, adult female HIV-positive patients should be given special attention based on these important factors to improve their CD4 cell count, hemoglobin level, and better health quality.","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":"8461788"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Side Effects following School Deworming among School-Age Children in Oti Region, Ghana.","authors":"Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwindé Ouédraogo, Adolphina Addoley Addo-Lartey","doi":"10.1155/2024/9924852","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9924852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preventive chemotherapy with anthelminthic drugs is meant to control soil-transmitted helminthiases, but some children may experience adverse reactions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated why some school-age children did not receive the medication as well as the side effects experienced by those who did during the 2019 preventive chemotherapy in Krachi East Municipal, Oti Region, Ghana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a two-stage stratified sampling, a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 352 school-age children and their caregivers living in three urban and five rural communities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most children (93.8%) were in primary school, aged 11 to 12 years (28.1%), male (53.1%), and resided in an urban area (83.8%). Due to concerns about side effects (28.1%), absenteeism (25.0%), and sickness (9.4%), 32 (9.09%) children did not receive the anthelminthic medication. Of the 320 children who received and ingested the anthelmintic drug, 50.3% experienced at least one side effect. Common side effects included dizziness (58.4%), feeling weak (27.3%), and stomach issues such as vomiting (17.4%), abdominal pain (11.8%), and nausea (6.2%). In adjusted analyses, children aged 11-12 years had higher odds of side effects (aOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.22-4.76) than children aged 7-8 years. Male children were also less likely than female children to experience adverse effects (aOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.27-0.68). <i>Discussion</i>. Ghana's national goal of 100% therapeutic coverage was unmet. Medication consumption during prophylactic chemotherapy may be hampered due to the high prevalence of side effects among school-age children. It is necessary to educate caregivers on how to handle these negative effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9924852"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Economic Burden of Brucellosis Care in China: Socioeconomic Status Inequality.","authors":"Hai-Bo He, Qiao-Shan Lu, Lian-Lian Wang, Muhetal Aishan, Jiang-Shan Zhao, Xian-Yan Tang, Man-Tong Zhu, Milikam Reheman, Qiu-Lan Chen, Yan-Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2024/7992287","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7992287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The economic burden of brucellosis care on patients can lead to significant financial strain, despite partial coverage by medical insurance. However, there is limited research on the out-of-pocket costs faced by brucellosis patients. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the costs and out-of-pocket expenses of brucellosis care, specifically examining the varying socioeconomic status of patients in Xinjiang, China. We collected cost and demographic data from 563 respondents and their hospital bills and employed latent variable analysis to assess socioeconomic status. The majority of patients belonged to the middle and lower socioeconomic status categories (85.97%), and they were primarily farmers and herders (82.77%). The median direct cost per brucellosis episode was USD 688.65, with out-of-pocket expenses amounting to USD 391.44. These costs exceeded both the 2020 Xinjiang and national per capita health expenditures (USD 233.66 and USD 267.21, respectively). Notably, the overall medical reimbursement rate was 48.60%, and for outpatient costs, it was merely 12.82%. Despite higher out-of-pocket costs among high socioeconomic status patients, the percentage of income spent was higher (37.23%) for patients in the lower socioeconomic status group compared to other groups (16.25% and 12.96%). In conclusion, our findings highlight that brucellosis patients are predominantly from the middle and lower socioeconomic status, with high out-of-pocket expenses placing them under significant financial pressure. Moreover, there is notable inequity in economic consequences across different socioeconomic status groups. These results call for policy interventions aimed at reducing brucellosis-related poverty and promoting equitable access to care.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7992287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11316907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mosquito Control Strategies and Insecticide Resistance of the Malaria Vector in Urbanized Land Use Types in Suame Municipality, Ghana.","authors":"Jennifer Oppong, Silas Wintuma Avicor, Philip Kweku Baidoo, Patrick Addo-Fordjour, John Asiedu Larbi, Carlos Frimpong Akowuah, Akosua Boateng, Isaac Prince Essien, Gloria Mensah","doi":"10.1155/2024/5843481","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5843481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modified landscapes could create breeding habitats for mosquitoes and affect their community structure and susceptibility with implications for their management. Hence, in this study, household mosquito control methods in two urbanized landscapes; industrial and residential human settlements, in Ghana and insecticide susceptibility of the inhabiting <i>Anopheles</i> populations were assessed. Household knowledge and usage pattern of mosquito control methods in the modified landscapes were obtained using a questionnaire. Female adult <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitoes were also subjected to susceptibility tests using mosquito coils (0.08% meperfluthrin, 0.03% dimefluthrin, and 0.3% transfluthrin) and World Health Organization (WHO) insecticide test papers (0.05% deltamethrin, 4% DDT, 0.1% bendiocarb, 0.25% pirimiphos-methyl, and 5% malathion). Although insecticide-treated nets and aerosols were used for mosquito control, mosquito coils were the most common and widely preferred household method. The <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitoes were resistant to all the insecticides (mosquito coils and WHO test papers) except pirimiphos-methyl. Land use type did not affect insecticide resistance, but the insecticide type did. The findings indicate the effect of household insecticide usage practices on local mosquito populations and their implications for effective vector management and disease control in modified landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5843481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}