{"title":"Modifiable risk factors for acute respiratory tract infections in infants: evidence from a cohort study in Southern Thailand.","authors":"Papak Veerajitt, Kamolwish Laoprasopwattana, Vanlaya Koosakulchai, Kemmapon Chumchuen, Nattaporn Tassanakijpanich","doi":"10.1093/tropej/fmag067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmag067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) are a major contributor to infant morbidity globally. We aimed to identify modifiable behavioral risk factors for ARI among infants in a tropical, resource-limited setting. This prospective cohort study enrolled healthy term infants (∼2 months old) at Songklanagarind Hospital. The primary exposures included four modifiable factors during the first 6 months of life: exclusive breastfeeding, bottle-feeding, pacifier usage, and passive smoking. We used multiple Poisson regression models to identify factors associated with the frequency of ARI between 6 and 12 months of age. A cohort of 671 infants was enrolled, of whom 271 (40.3%) experienced at least one episode of ARI between 6 and 12 months of age, with the majority (69.7%) experiencing only one episode. Infants who were bottle-fed during the first 6 months of life had a higher risk of ARI compared with those who were not [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.82, P = .025], and the risk increased with longer duration of bottle use. A similar trend was observed with pacifier use, which was associated with an increased risk of ARI (IRR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.02-1.71, P = .031). While most participants were breastfed and exposed to passive smoking during the first 6 months, no significant associations with ARI were identified. Bottle-feeding and pacifier use were associated with 37% and 33% increases in risk of ARI, respectively. These findings can inform child health supervision and preventive care guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":17521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pediatrics","volume":"72 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sakarie Hassan Aden, Abdirahman Ibrahim Ahmed, Yahye Mohamud Mohamed, Ahmed Mahad Abdullahi
{"title":"News from the regions: Vitamin D deficiency and nutritional rickets in crisis-affected Somali children.","authors":"Sakarie Hassan Aden, Abdirahman Ibrahim Ahmed, Yahye Mohamud Mohamed, Ahmed Mahad Abdullahi","doi":"10.1093/tropej/fmag069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmag069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pediatrics","volume":"72 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical and biochemical determinants of critical deterioration in paediatric scrub typhus: a retrospective study from a tertiary care centre in South India.","authors":"C Hari Prasath, P Anil Kumar, Penatal Sripooja","doi":"10.1093/tropej/fmag068","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tropej/fmag068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scrub typhus causes substantial morbidity and mortality in children across South Asia, yet admission-time predictors of critical deterioration remain poorly characterized in the paediatric population. This study aimed to identify independent predictors of critical deterioration in hospitalized children with confirmed scrub typhus. A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at a tertiary-care teaching hospital in South India over 6 years. Children aged 1-14 years with immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-confirmed scrub typhus were included. Critical deterioration, a pre-specified composite of shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, mortality, or high-flow respiratory support requirement, constituted the primary outcome. Independent predictors were identified by multivariable logistic regression, and discriminatory performance was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). One hundred and eighty-one children were enrolled (median age 6.0 years; 50.3% male). Critical deterioration occurred in 62 children (34.3%), with a case fatality rate of 12.9% among those affected. Serum albumin demonstrated the highest univariable discriminatory performance (AUROC 0.973), followed by neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (0.945), total bilirubin (0.929), and lactate dehydrogenase (0.902). Four variables independently predicted critical deterioration on multivariable analysis: NLR [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.811, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.119-6.857; P < .001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (aOR 1.052, 95% CI: 1.018-1.089; P = .003), doxycycline delay (aOR 1.829, 95% CI: 1.146-2.920; P = .011), and serum sodium (aOR 0.689, 95% CI: 0.523-0.909; P = .008). The model demonstrated excellent discrimination (apparent AUROC 0.986, 95% CI: 0.971-0.997; optimism-corrected AUROC 0.982, 95% CI: 0.978-0.987) and satisfactory calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow P = .997). NLR, CRP, serum sodium, and doxycycline delay independently predict critical deterioration in paediatric scrub typhus at hospital admission, with serum albumin demonstrating the highest univariable discriminatory performance. Serial biomarker trajectories demonstrated sustained inflammatory and haemodynamic perturbation through 72 hours in deteriorating children, in contrast to the rapid biochemical resolution observed in those who recovered. These findings require external prospective validation before application to clinical risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":17521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pediatrics","volume":"72 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Himani Pandya, Peter S Nyasulu, Xanthe Hunt, Amy L Slogrove
{"title":"Caregiver burden experienced by mothers of infants who are HIV exposed uninfected compared to infants HIV unexposed: A prospective cohort study in Worcester, South Africa.","authors":"Himani Pandya, Peter S Nyasulu, Xanthe Hunt, Amy L Slogrove","doi":"10.1093/tropej/fmag054","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tropej/fmag054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In low-income, high HIV prevalence settings, caregiving for a young child who is HIV exposed and uninfected (HEU) can place additional demands on a mother living with HIV while she manages her own health and the well-being of her child. We compared caregiver burden associated with infants' healthcare needs, perceived by mothers of infants who were HEU and HIV-unexposed, uninfected (HUU). This nested sub-study of a prospective cohort study was conducted within the public primary healthcare setting in Western Cape, South Africa. Eligible mothers were enrolled antenatally with known HIV status and with a child confirmed HIV negative at age 12 months by 20 May 2025. The primary exposure was maternal-child HIV status, and primary outcome was caregiver burden according to the modified 12-item Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale questionnaire (ZCBS; range 0-48), measured by maternal interview at child's age 12 months. Logistic regression was used to compare caregiver burden (no-to-mild [ZCBS 0-10] vs moderate-to-high [ZCBS 11-48]), unadjusted and adjusted for maternal and household confounders. Among 187 mothers included (n = 91 of infants HEU, n = 96 of infants HUU), the median (interquartile range) ZCBS was 3(1-8); 22/91 (24.2%) mothers with HIV and 11/96 (11.5%) mothers without HIV perceived moderate-to-high caregiver burden (unadjusted odds ratio 2.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-5.43, P = .025). After adjusting for maternal age, income, number of cohabitating adults in the family and maternal depression, the adjusted odds ratio was 2.06, 95% CI = 0.85-4.98, P = .108. Living with HIV while caring for an infant who is HEU increases mothers' caregiving burden during the critical period of early motherhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":17521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pediatrics","volume":"72 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of 5-day versus 7-day antibiotic therapy for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: an open-label randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Hijam Kherojit, Lesa Dawman, Pujitha Vallabhaneni, Aarchie Gupta, Pallab Ray, Muralidharan Jayashree, Karalanglin Tiewsoh","doi":"10.1093/tropej/fmag060","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tropej/fmag060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a life-threatening complication of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in children. Evidence on the optimal duration of antibiotics in this population is limited. We investigated whether 5-day antibiotic therapy is non-inferior to 7-day therapy for SBP in children with INS. In this single-center, open-label, randomized controlled non-inferiority trial, 50 children aged 1-14 years with INS and SBP were allocated 1:1 to intravenous ceftriaxone for 5 days (Group A, n = 25) or 7 days (Group B, n = 25). The primary outcome was composite clinical response (resolution of fever, abdominal pain, and tenderness) at the end of treatment, analyzed by intention-to-treat. The pre-specified non-inferiority margin was -15%. Secondary outcomes included bacteriological cure, cytological response, and the need for additional antibiotics. Fifty children [median age 50 (30.8-92) months] were randomized. Composite clinical response was achieved in 25/25 (100%) in Group A versus 22/25 (88%) in Group B (risk difference 12%, 95% CI -3.5% to 30.0%; P = 0.23); the lower CI bound exceeded the -15% non-inferiority margin, establishing non-inferiority. Bacteriological cure was achieved in 96% of both groups. Cytological response (64% vs 72%; P = 0.54) was inconclusive for non-inferiority. Additional or modified antibiotic therapy was required in 16% versus 20% (P = 1.00). Median hospitalization was comparable (10 vs 11 days; P > 0.05). No ceftriaxone-related adverse events were recorded. Five-day intravenous ceftriaxone is non-inferior to 7-day therapy for SBP in children with INS, with respect to composite clinical response; the secondary outcome of cytological response was inconclusive for non-inferiority.</p>","PeriodicalId":17521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pediatrics","volume":"72 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sutharson Ramasamy, Shaik Naseeruddin, Mintoo M Tergestina, Benjamin Jeyanth Ross, Prasanna Samuel, Manish Kumar, Sridhar Santhanam
{"title":"Incidence and outcomes of newborn admitted with severe meconium aspiration syndrome over a 17-year period in a tertiary care centre in India.","authors":"Sutharson Ramasamy, Shaik Naseeruddin, Mintoo M Tergestina, Benjamin Jeyanth Ross, Prasanna Samuel, Manish Kumar, Sridhar Santhanam","doi":"10.1093/tropej/fmag056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmag056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is one of the common causes of respiratory distress among newborn. Severe MAS is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, and there is sparse data on this entity from large studies from low- and middle-income countries. To determine the incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) and severe MAS in a large perinatal centre over a 17-year period and to study the clinical course, complications, and outcomes of newborn with severe MAS. This was a retrospective study of babies admitted in the unit between 2006 and 2022. The list of babies with a diagnosis of MAS was extracted from the admission register and cross-checked with the ventilation database and discharge summaries. Relevant maternal, perinatal as well as postnatal courses, investigations, and outcomes were collected from the clinical workstation and the summaries. During the 17-year period, there were 206 377 deliveries in the hospital. There were 1294 babies admitted with MAS; 146 (11.3%) babies satisfied the criteria for severe MAS. With 73 of these newborn being inborn, incidence of severe MAS was 3.5/10 000 (95% CI 2.7-4.3/10 000) live births among inborn babies. High-frequency ventilation was required in 54 newborn (37%). The median duration of ventilation was 4 days (IQR 3-7 days). Sixteen babies had pulmonary air leak (11%) and persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) was present in 63 babies (43%). The median length of hospital stay was 13 days (IQR 9-18). Of the 146 newborn with severe MAS, 118 survived (80.8%). Adverse outcome was associated with presence of PPHN [OR-5.24 (95% CI 1.7-15.9)] and pneumothorax [OR-17.3 (95% CI 3.5-85.2)]. Sixty-nine (53.9%) of the survivors had long-term follow-up. Adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes were present in 7.8% of neonates, which included developmental delay, microcephaly, cerebral palsy, seizure disorder, autistic traits, and hearing loss. A small proportion (11.3%) of babies with MAS had severe MAS. Nearly one-fifth of babies with severe MAS had adverse short-term outcome. The presence of PPHN and air leaks were significantly associated with adverse outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pediatrics","volume":"72 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: Clinical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of non-typhoidal Salmonella in immunocompromised children: a 15-year retrospective study in Thailand.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/tropej/fmag064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmag064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pediatrics","volume":"72 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discontinuation of care in hospitalized children at a tertiary pediatric emergency unit-a mixed-methods study.","authors":"Rahul Rai, Pradeep Kumar Gunasekaran, Arun Aggarwal, Bijaya Kumar Padhi, Praveen Kumar, Muralidharan Jayashree, Karthi Nallasamy","doi":"10.1093/tropej/fmag059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmag059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leave against medical advice (LAMA), discontinuation of inpatient care, remains a significant yet poorly characterized challenge in pediatric settings in low- and middle-income countries. We estimated its prevalence and identified clinical, social, and financial drivers among children admitted to a tertiary pediatric emergency unit. A prospective mixed-methods study was conducted over nine months (May 2022-January 2023). Quantitative data were collected using a predesigned case record form, and caregiver satisfaction was assessed on a pilot 10-point scale. Semistructured face-to-face interviews were conducted for qualitative analysis. Inductive thematic analysis followed Braun and Clarke's framework. A sequential explanatory design with triangulation was employed. Of 6547 admissions, 835 (12.75%) were unplanned discharges; prevalence was higher among neonates than post-neonatal children. Among 139 eligible children (aged 0-12 years), 80 were enrolled (35 neonates, 45 older children). Most families (86%) were from lower socioeconomic strata; 60% received government financial support. About 47% required invasive ventilation, 42% vasoactive support, and 35% underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Despite high satisfaction with clinical care, 97% reported severe stress (≥8/10) and 91% minimal personal support. Qualitative analysis (n = 50) identified four key themes: perceived unfavorable prognosis (64%), infrastructure limitations, indirect financial constraints, and personal beliefs. Collective family decision-making occurred in 75% of cases. LAMA was primarily driven by perceived clinical futility rather than financial barriers alone. Infrastructure constraints, indirect costs, and personal beliefs contributed meaningfully. Targeted interventions should focus on improved prognostic communication, structured family counseling, psychosocial support, and financial protection extending beyond direct medical costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pediatrics","volume":"72 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148813374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammet Engin Özcan, Abdulrahman Nor Abdi, Mustafa Gahnug
{"title":"Hidden vitamin D insufficiency in a sun-rich equatorial country: age-, sex-, and season-specific evidence from 2961 Somali children.","authors":"Muhammet Engin Özcan, Abdulrahman Nor Abdi, Mustafa Gahnug","doi":"10.1093/tropej/fmag053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmag053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, and to evaluate age-, sex-, and season-specific variations in serum 25(OH)D levels among Somali children and adolescents. This retrospective cross-sectional study included pediatric outpatients aged 0-18 years who attended a tertiary care hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia, between January 2020 and August 2025. Serum 25(OH)D levels were analyzed in 2961 participants and categorized as deficient (<12 ng/ml), insufficient (12-20 ng/ml), or sufficient (>20 ng/ml) according to Global Consensus Recommendations. Participants were stratified by age group, sex, and season. Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametric tests, with P < .05 considered statistically significant. Mean serum 25(OH)D levels decreased progressively with age, with the highest concentrations observed in infants aged 0-1 year (53.8 ± 18.1 ng/ml) and the lowest in adolescents aged 12-18 years (27.4 ± 13.1 ng/ml). Vitamin D deficiency was absent in infants and rare in children aged 1-6 years, but increased substantially in older age groups, reaching 9.4% deficiency and 23.7% insufficiency among adolescents. Males consistently exhibited higher serum 25(OH)D levels than females across all age groups and seasons (P < .001). Seasonal variation was observed, with the lowest mean levels recorded during July-September. Despite abundant year-round sunlight, vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are prevalent among Somali children, particularly in adolescents and females. These findings highlight the need for age- and sex-specific public health strategies, including targeted screening and supplementation beyond early childhood, to improve 25(OH)D status in pediatric populations living in sun-rich environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":17521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pediatrics","volume":"72 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficacy of Sunflower Technique versus conventional care in reducing the risk of unplanned extubation in newborns: a pilot randomized cross-over trial.","authors":"Dipen Vasudev Patel, Rohan Prakashbhai Modi, Reshma Kushal Pujara, Somashekhar Marutirao Nimbalkar","doi":"10.1093/tropej/fmag055","DOIUrl":"10.1093/tropej/fmag055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unplanned extubation (UE) is a common and largely preventable safety event in neonatal intensive care units, with agitation, hand-to-endotracheal tube (ETT) interaction, and subsequent staff intervention frequently preceding events. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term efficacy of the Sunflower Technique (SFT), a non-pharmacological developmental containment intervention, in reducing agitation, behaviors related to self-extubation, and the need for staff intervention in invasively ventilated neonates. In this pilot randomized cross-over trial, intubated neonates of any gestational age underwent two 1-h observation periods on the same day, receiving SFT and conventional care (CC) in randomized order (30 min each during both 1 h periods). Primary outcomes included near-miss self-extubation events (grabbing the ETT), possible self-extubation events (touching the tube), agitation assessed using the Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and Sedation Scale (N-PASS) and COMFORTneo scales. Secondary outcome included frequency of staff intervention. All observation periods were video-recorded for assessment. Fifty-seven neonates contributed 114 observation periods for each group. Compared with CC, SFT was associated with significantly fewer near-miss and possible self-extubation events (P < .001 for both). Agitation scores were significantly lower during SFT periods on both N-PASS and COMFORTneo scales (P < .001). No UE events occurred during either period. No interventions needed by staff were comparable during SFT and CC periods (72.8% vs. 61.4%, P = .059). The SFT was associated with reduced agitation, fewer behaviors related to self-extubation, and a comparable need for staff intervention in invasively ventilated neonates.</p>","PeriodicalId":17521,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pediatrics","volume":"72 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}