C. Laurel Franklin, Amanda M. Raines, Kate E. Clauss, Brandon Koscinski, Kevin Saulnier, Nicholas P. Allan, Margo C. Villarosa-Hurlocker, Jessica L. Chambliss, Jessica L. Walton, Michael McCormick
{"title":"The impact of item order on the factor structure of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5","authors":"C. Laurel Franklin, Amanda M. Raines, Kate E. Clauss, Brandon Koscinski, Kevin Saulnier, Nicholas P. Allan, Margo C. Villarosa-Hurlocker, Jessica L. Chambliss, Jessica L. Walton, Michael McCormick","doi":"10.1002/jts.23103","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23103","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The PTSD Checklist for <i>DSM-5</i> (PCL-5) is the most widely used self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and is frequently modeled as having four correlated factors consistent with the <i>DSM-5</i> symptom structure. Some researchers have argued that item order may influence factor structure. Although two studies have examined this, they were both based on <i>DSM-IV</i> criteria, and neither utilized a randomized design. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether item order impacts the factor structure of the PCL-5, using two independent samples of community participants (<i>N</i> = 347, 67.7% female, 85.3% White) and veterans (<i>N</i> = 409, 83.6% male, 61.9% Black/African American). Approximately half of each sample was randomized to receive the PCL-5 in the original fixed order, whereas the other half received a uniquely randomized version. We compared the <i>DSM-5</i> four-factor model to several theoretically relevant models and found improved model fit in the seven-factor hybrid model, community sample: ∆χ<sup>2</sup> = 153.87, <i>p</i> < .001; veterans: ∆χ<sup>2</sup> = 152.61, <i>p</i> < . 001. Consequently, the <i>DSM-5</i> four-factor and seven-factor hybrid models were retained for invariance testing. Across both samples, measurement invariance was examined between the randomized and fixed-order groups. Configural invariance, partial metric invariance, and partial scalar invariance were achieved in both samples, <i>p</i>s = .054–.822, suggesting that the fit of the <i>DSM-5</i> four-factor structure and the seven-factor hybrid model, as measured using the PCL-5, are not due to order effects. These findings support the continued use of the PCL-5 in a fixed fashion.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"38 1","pages":"75-85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142290064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selime R. Salim, Kelly L. Harper, Nicholas A. Livingston, Brian A. Feinstein, Terri L. Messman
{"title":"Bisexual minority stress as a risk factor for sexual violence-related posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among bisexual+ women: A multilevel analysis","authors":"Selime R. Salim, Kelly L. Harper, Nicholas A. Livingston, Brian A. Feinstein, Terri L. Messman","doi":"10.1002/jts.23102","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23102","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bisexual+ (e.g., bisexual, pansexual, queer) women experience higher rates of sexual violence (SV) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than heterosexual and lesbian women, as well as unique identity-related minority stress. We examined between- and within-person associations between bisexual minority stress and PTSD symptoms related to SV in a sample of young bisexual+ women (<i>N</i> = 133) who reported adult SV (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 22.0 years, range: 18–25 years; 85.0% White; 99.3% cisgender). We analyzed data from four waves of data collection (baseline to 3-month follow-up) using multilevel models. Controlling for SV severity, there was a significant within-person effect of antibisexual stigma from lesbian/gay people on PTSD, β = .17, <i>p</i> = .010, suggesting that at waves when women experienced more stigma, they also reported higher PTSD symptom levels. At the between-person level, women who reported higher levels of antibisexual stigma from heterosexual people, β = .26, <i>p</i> = .043, and anticipated binegativity, β = .29, <i>p</i> = .005, on average across study waves also reported higher average levels of PTSD. Additionally, anticipated binegativity explained the association between average antibisexual stigma and PTSD, β = .15, <i>p</i> = .014, 95% CI [0.45, 4.61]. Bisexual minority stress may be associated with higher PTSD symptom severity following SV among young bisexual+ women, and the anticipation of binegativity may be a target mechanism in this association. Study findings highlight the importance of examining the joint contributions of SV and minority stress to identify novel targets for future research and practice to address PTSD symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"38 1","pages":"63-74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katherine van Stolk-Cooke, Zoe M. F. Brier, Cynthia Pearson, Matthew Price, Debra Kaysen
{"title":"The predictive association between social support, communal mastery, and response to culturally adapted cognitive processing therapy among Native American women","authors":"Katherine van Stolk-Cooke, Zoe M. F. Brier, Cynthia Pearson, Matthew Price, Debra Kaysen","doi":"10.1002/jts.23101","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Though social support (SS) and communal mastery (CM) are resilience factors among American Indian and Alaska Natives (AIAN), they have not been examined as trauma treatment predictors in this at-risk group. This study evaluated whether SS and CM were associated with improved treatment response in a sample of 73 AIAN women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Participants received culturally adapted CPT and were assessed for PTSD, CM, and SS. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. SS predicted improved PTSD, β = −.16, <i>SE</i> = .05, <i>p</i> = .003, and mental health, β = .16, <i>SE</i> = .05, <i>p</i> = .005, but not physical health. CM predicted improved PTSD, β = −.93, <i>SE</i> = .34, <i>p</i> = .008; mental health, β = .90, <i>SE</i> = .36, <i>p</i> = .013; and physical health, β = .95, <i>SE</i> = .31, <i>p</i> = .003. In a combined model, SS predicted improvements in PTSD, β = −.15, <i>SE</i> = .04, <i>p</i> < .001, and mental health, β = .12, <i>SE</i> = .06, <i>p</i> = .037, whereas CM did not. CM predicted improved physical health, β = 1.04, <i>SE</i> = .33, <i>p</i> = .003, whereas SS did not. Results highlight the benefits of SS and CM in trauma treatment outcomes for AIAN women, consistent with prior work, and further underscore the differential role of SS versus CM on mental versus physical health. Future work should explore how orientation to close and communal-level relationships may inform the protective benefits of social resources among AIAN.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"38 1","pages":"53-62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Terence M. Keane, Sheila A. M. Rauch, Richard A. Bryant
{"title":"What I was thinking/what I would do differently: Clinical research","authors":"Terence M. Keane, Sheila A. M. Rauch, Richard A. Bryant","doi":"10.1002/jts.23084","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>At the 2023 International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies annual meeting, a panel of three distinguished investigators and clinicians convened to reflect on their careers, their contributions to the field of traumatic stress disorders, and the lessons learned over the years. Dr. Terence M. Keane has guided the development and deployment of evidence-based care, shaping evaluation guidelines and best treatment practices for traumatic stress pathology. Dr. Sheila Rauch, a pioneer in the development of prolonged exposure therapy, has significantly contributed to the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other traumatic stress disorders. Dr. Richard Bryant has developed targeted psychological treatments for traumatic stress and prolonged grief, adapting to the diverse needs, mechanisms, and cultural contexts of patients. These individuals’ collective experiences span from the establishment of the PTSD diagnosis to the current proliferation of scientific knowledge on its epidemiology, assessment, and treatment. Their unique yet overlapping contributions have provided invaluable guidelines for the next generation of clinicians and investigators. This panel discussion offers a retrospective look at their careers and a forward-looking perspective on the future of traumatic stress treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"37 5","pages":"724-730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raül Andero, Tanja Jovanovic, Murray B. Stein, Arieh Y. Shalev
{"title":"What I was thinking/what I would do differently: Biological markers and mechanisms of mental health","authors":"Raül Andero, Tanja Jovanovic, Murray B. Stein, Arieh Y. Shalev","doi":"10.1002/jts.23083","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>At the 39th meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, four leading scientists and clinicians were invited to reflect on their careers, focusing on the biological mechanisms and markers of traumatic stress. Dr. Raul Andero has contributed to understanding how stress alters memory networks in the brain, influencing the development of novel treatments. Dr. Tanja Jovanovic has pioneered the measurement and mechanistic understanding of fear learning, bridging basic and clinical research. Dr. Murray B. Stein has scaled up clinical and lab observations to large populations, refining the field's understanding of traumatic stress. Dr. Arieh Y Shalev has shaped the definition of traumatic stress, pioneering the longitudinal investigation of stress and integrating advanced computational methods to identify individuals at risk. These panelists were asked to reflect on their initial problems, ambitions, concerns, and unexpected challenges, as well as the influence of their work, on new research trajectories. Their insights provide valuable lessons about the process and content of their work, and their pioneering efforts have significantly advanced our understanding of the biological mechanisms and markers of traumatic stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"37 5","pages":"731-738"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jts.23083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brianna N. Jackson, Frank W. Weathers, Stephanie M. Jeffirs, Thomas J. Preston, Cassidy M. Brydon
{"title":"The revised Clinician-Administered PTSD scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5-R): Initial psychometric evaluation in a trauma-exposed community sample","authors":"Brianna N. Jackson, Frank W. Weathers, Stephanie M. Jeffirs, Thomas J. Preston, Cassidy M. Brydon","doi":"10.1002/jts.23093","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23093","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for <i>DSM-5</i> (CAPS-5) is a widely used, well-validated structured interview for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It was recently revised to improve various aspects of administration and scoring. We conducted a psychometric evaluation of the revised version, known as the CAPS-5-R. Participants were 73 community residents with mixed trauma exposure (e.g., sexual assault, physical assault, transportation accident, the unnatural death of a loved one). CAPS-5-R PTSD diagnosis demonstrated good test–retest reliability, кs = .73–.79; excellent interrater reliability, кs = .86–.93; and good-to-excellent alternate forms reliability with the CAPS-5, кs = .79–.93. In addition, the CAPS-5-R total PTSD severity score demonstrated excellent test–retest reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = .86; interrater reliability, ICC = .98; and alternate forms reliability with the CAPS-5, <i>r</i> = .95. Further, the CAPS-5-R demonstrated good convergent validity with other measures of PTSD and good discriminant validity with measures of other constructs (e.g., depression, anxiety, alcohol problems, somatic concerns, mania). Given its strong psychometric performance in this study, as well as its improvements in administration and scoring, the CAPS-5-R appears to be a valuable update of the current CAPS-5.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"38 1","pages":"40-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annalisa Oppo, Barbara Forresi, Alice Barbieri, Karestan C. Koenen
{"title":"Trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms following collective violence: A systematic review and meta-analyses","authors":"Annalisa Oppo, Barbara Forresi, Alice Barbieri, Karestan C. Koenen","doi":"10.1002/jts.23090","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although collective violence represents a significant public health concern, a limited number of longitudinal studies have addressed this topic, with no systematic reviews focusing on posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) trajectories. The present systematic review and meta-analyses examined PTSS prevalence and trajectories after exposure to collective violence. A systematic literature search across six databases (APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles, PSYINDEX, MEDLINE, ERIC, and PubMed) identified 771 studies that were screened for the following eligibility criteria: exposure to collective violence, adult sample, longitudinal design, PTSS assessment using validated measures, PTSS trajectories estimated using latent growth modeling, and report sample prevalence rate for each trajectory. Ten studies met the criteria, and five meta-analyses were performed to assess the overall prevalence of each trajectory. Most included studies (63.6%) identified four trajectories, characterized as <i>low-stable</i>, <i>high</i>-<i>stable</i>, <i>decreasing</i>, and <i>delayed</i>-<i>worsening</i>. The low-stable trajectory was the modal response, with a pooled prevalence of 58.0%, 95% CI [51.0, 65.0]. The high-stable prevalence was 7.0%, 95% CI [4.0, 19.0]; the decreasing trajectory was 13%, 95% CI [9.0, 17.0]; and the delayed-worsening trajectory was 8.0%, 95% CI [5.0, 10.0]. A fifth trajectory, <i>moderately stable</i>, had a prevalence of 19.0%, 95% CI [9.0, 29.0]. The trajectory models robustly identified clinically relevant patterns of response to collective violence, offering a contribution to the literature and a starting point for future research. Further studies are needed, as a better comprehension of symptom trajectories after collective violence events has important clinical and public health implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"37 6","pages":"837-849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark Shevlin, Philip Hyland, Marylène Cloitre, Chris Brewin, Dmytro Martsenkovskyi, Menachem Ben-Ezra, Kristina Bondjers, Thanos Karatzias, Michael Duffy, Enya Redican
{"title":"Assessing self-reported prolonged grief disorder with “clinical checks”: A proof of principle study","authors":"Mark Shevlin, Philip Hyland, Marylène Cloitre, Chris Brewin, Dmytro Martsenkovskyi, Menachem Ben-Ezra, Kristina Bondjers, Thanos Karatzias, Michael Duffy, Enya Redican","doi":"10.1002/jts.23100","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23100","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Psychological assessment is commonly conducted using either self-report measures or clinical interviews; the former are quick and easy to administer, and the latter are more time-consuming and require training. Self-report measures have been criticized for producing higher estimates of symptom and disorder presence relative to clinical interviews, with the assumption being that self-report measures are prone to Type 1 error. Here, we introduce the use of “clinical checks” within an existing self-report measure. These are brief supplementary questions intended to clarify and confirm initial responses, similar to what occurs in a clinical interview. Clinical checks were developed for the items of the International Grief Questionnaire (IGQ), a self-report measure of <i>ICD-11</i> prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Data were collected as part of a community survey of mental health in Ukraine. Individual symptom endorsements for the IGQ significantly decreased with the use of clinical checks, and the percentage of the sample that met the <i>ICD-11</i> diagnostic requirements for PGD fell from 13.6% to 10.2%, representing a 24.8% reduction in cases. The value and potential broader application of clinical checks are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"38 1","pages":"174-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jts.23100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The association between posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and distress tolerance in traumatic stress treatment","authors":"Brianna M. Byllesby, Patrick A. Palmieri","doi":"10.1002/jts.23092","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Distress tolerance, or the perceived ability to tolerate negative emotional states, is often associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) such that higher distress tolerance is generally associated with less severe PTSD symptom levels. As distress tolerance is often considered a risk and maintenance factor in distress disorders, examining the association between changes in distress tolerance and changes in PTSD symptoms may have clinical relevance. The present study examined the associations between PTSD symptom severity and distress tolerance across three assessment points over 12 weeks among 212 patients receiving outpatient psychotherapy services. Using random-intercept cross-lagged panel modeling (RI-CLPM), concurrent and prospective associations between PTSD and distress tolerance were examined. PTSD symptoms at Time 1 and Time 2 significantly predicted distress tolerance at Time 2, β = −.296, and Time 3, β = −.395, respectively. Distress tolerance did not predict subsequent PTSD symptom severity. Exploratory analyses examined distress tolerance and four PTSD symptom clusters over time. Patterns of results differed across clusters, though it was consistent that only PTSD symptom clusters predicted subsequent distress tolerance and not vice versa. The results support the interrelationship of changes in psychopathology and emotional distress tolerance and indicate that distress tolerance may be an important factor in symptom remission during PTSD treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"38 1","pages":"29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brian P. Marx, Barabara O. Rothbaum, Eric Vermetten
{"title":"What I was thinking/what I would do differently: Technology-enabled traumatic stress support","authors":"Brian P. Marx, Barabara O. Rothbaum, Eric Vermetten","doi":"10.1002/jts.23095","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jts.23095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>At the 39th meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, three leading researchers and clinicians in technology-enabled traumatic stress support were invited to reflect on their careers and contributions to the field. Dr. Brian P. Marx has led the development of large-scale technologies to screen, assess, and treat traumatic stress pathology across diverse etiologies and needs. Dr. Barbara O. Rothbaum, a pioneer in the development of virtual reality for exposure therapy, has demonstrated the efficacy and scalability of digital treatment for traumatic stress. Retired Col. Dr. Eric Vermetten has worked extensively on the intersection of basic mechanisms, novel psychological and biological treatment, and technology for scalable assessment and treatment, primarily in military and mass casualty contexts. The panelists were asked to reflect on their initial ambitions, concerns, unexpected challenges, and the influence of their work on new research trajectories. Their insights provide valuable lessons about the process and content of their work, and their pioneering efforts have significantly advanced the field of technology-enabled traumatic stress support.</p>","PeriodicalId":17519,"journal":{"name":"Journal of traumatic stress","volume":"37 5","pages":"739-745"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}