Volume 5: High-Pressure Technology; Rudy Scavuzzo Student Paper Symposium and 27th Annual Student Paper Competition; ASME Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnosis and Prognosis Division (NDPD)最新文献

{"title":"Strain Sensing for Compact Heat Exchanger Defect Detection","authors":"Xiaochen Hu, Zhaoyan Fan, B. Paul","doi":"10.1115/pvp2019-93727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93727","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The development of Compact Heat Exchangers (CHE) improves heat transfer efficiency with surface-to-volume ratios approaching 2500 m2/m3. In the applications such nuclear plants, CHE need to work for years in a harsh environment of high temperature up to 800 °C and high pressure up to 20 MPa. Any structural failure, i.e. cracks due to material fatigue or residual stress concentration in the CHEs, may result in safety problems and tremendous economy losses. Compared to the conventional heat exchangers, the non-destructive testing for CHE is challenging because the deformation of micrometer sized channels is hard to detect by the conventional means such as strain gauges or ultrasonic sensors. This paper presents a novel approach to detect the presence of cracks using fiber strain sensors embedded in the compact heat exchangers. The fiber sensors are proposed to install the heat exchanger with the microchannel plate stacks in the heat exchanger, measuring the strain distribution in the structure during the operation. Numerical and analytical models of CHE with and without cracks are built to learn crack size influence on strain variation. Sensors’ sensitivity to crack positions was calculated through simulation. A defect retrieval algorithm based on Tikhonov regularization is presented to achieve crack detection according to sensors’ outputs. A sample CHE section with 5x5 channels are simulated to quantitatively test the accuracy and validity of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":174920,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: High-Pressure Technology; Rudy Scavuzzo Student Paper Symposium and 27th Annual Student Paper Competition; ASME Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnosis and Prognosis Division (NDPD)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115310370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Determination of the Ratcheting of the Porosity for the Study of Ductile Rupture Under Cyclic Loading Conditions","authors":"A. Remmal, S. Marie, J. Leblond","doi":"10.1115/pvp2019-93831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93831","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 It is known that for ductile porous materials, cyclic loadings lead to lower fracture strains than monotone ones. This reduction of ductility probably arises from an effect called “ratcheting of the porosity” that consists of a continued increase of the mean porosity during each cycle with the number of cycles. Finite element based micromechanical simulations confirmed this interpretation. Recently the authors proposed a Gurson-type “layer model” better fit that Gurson’s original one which does not predict the ratcheting of the porosity, for the description of the ductile behavior under cyclic loading conditions. A very good agreement was obtained between the results of the micromechanical simulations and the model predictions for a rigid-hardenable material. Yet, the ratcheting of the porosity is a consequence of both hardening and elasticity; and the theory of sequential limit analysis used in order to get the “layer model” is strictly applicable in the absence of elasticity. Based on an expression of the porosity rate accounting for elasticity, a proposal was made to improve the new model with regard to elasticity. Simultaneously to this theoretical work, an experimental program was conducted on a model material in order to assess experimentally this new model. The material is a HIPed 316L stainless steel, with Al2O3 almost spherical inclusions acting like porosities, complying with the hypothesis made to derive the theoretical model. Notched tensile specimens, with a center section of 4mm, were cyclically loaded. Several tomographies were performed at ESRF, using a 120 keV beamline and 3x3 microns detector, in order to prove experimentally the ratcheting effect of the porosity. The void growth through the cycles is precisely described and the experimental results could then be processed and compared to the numerical porosities predictions of the model. This paper presents the experimental activity of this PhD program.","PeriodicalId":174920,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: High-Pressure Technology; Rudy Scavuzzo Student Paper Symposium and 27th Annual Student Paper Competition; ASME Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnosis and Prognosis Division (NDPD)","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117244519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model and Experimental Analysis of the Fiber-Reinforced Pultrusion Composite Under Tension and Shear","authors":"Qian Zhang, Yanting Zhang, Wenchun Jiang","doi":"10.1115/pvp2019-93286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93286","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper proposed a homogenization model, and compiled a VUMAT subroutine to simulate the tension and shear of fiber-reinforced pultrusion composite (FRPC). Experiments were also performed to verify the accuracy of the homogenization model. The results show that, the simulation results agree well with the experiment data. The stiffness and strength increase with the increase of the diameter of the carbon composite part. The limit shear load and the horizontal shear strength decrease with the increase of the span. When FRPC is under shear with smaller span, the matrix tensile damage initiates first and it is the dominate failure mode, then the matrix and fiber compression damage occur at where the indenters contact. However, with the increase of the span, the delamination damage between the wound glass-fiber reinforced composite and pultrusion glass-fiber reinforced composite occurs and becomes the dominate failure mode for FRPC shear.","PeriodicalId":174920,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: High-Pressure Technology; Rudy Scavuzzo Student Paper Symposium and 27th Annual Student Paper Competition; ASME Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnosis and Prognosis Division (NDPD)","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124830282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD Analysis and Structural Safety Assessment of a Bypass Mitigation Device Used During a Ti-SGTR Accidental Release From a MSSV","authors":"Wung Jae Wang, M. Yim","doi":"10.1115/pvp2019-93511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93511","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In Nuclear power plants, Main steam safety valve (MSSV) is a barrier to prevent overpressure of steam flow by opening the secondary cycle to the atmosphere. Since MSSVs operate at condition of high temperature and pressure, they have possibility for stuck-open failure. If this accident occurs, large amount of steam or gases release through failed MSSV. It may lead Thermally-induced Steam generator tube rupture (TI-SGTR) due to sudden high gradient of temperature and pressure. With loss of electrical power, TI-SGTR occurs, Core will start to melt in 2–3hours after loss of electrical power. When TI-SGTR occurs with core melt, Leakage of radioactive material occurs through MSSV to environment. Though the probability of an accident is very low, the release of radioactive material can lead large cancer risk to the public. Therefore, many studies to mitigate the radioactive materials are in progress such as diversion to containment building or capturing with external mitigation system.\u0000 In this study, we are focusing on this capturing device. The objective of this study is to analyze integrity of mitigation device using fluid behavior from MSSV to capturing pipe. Hydraulic conditions at safety valve inlet were used from previous researches. Using commercial simulation software, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed for distribution of fluid temperature, pressure, velocity in MSSV and pipes. For structural safety assessment, 1-way Fluid-Structure interaction (FSI) method was used. CFD result was applied for load on structure surfaces to simulate transient structural analysis of mitigation device. As a result, stresses, strains of capturing pipe were calculated and integrity was discussed.","PeriodicalId":174920,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: High-Pressure Technology; Rudy Scavuzzo Student Paper Symposium and 27th Annual Student Paper Competition; ASME Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnosis and Prognosis Division (NDPD)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128231527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Analysis Methodology for HPHT Equipment","authors":"J. Sims, Jay Lefkowitz, David J. Dewees, C. Becht","doi":"10.1115/pvp2019-93901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93901","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The American Petroleum Institute (API) is continuing to develop technical reports, guidelines and standards for the construction of high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) equipment for offshore oil and gas exploration and production. HPHT is considered to be equipment with a pressure rating greater than 103 MPa (15,000 psi) and/or a temperature rating greater than 177°C (350°F). One alternative in the evolving API standards is to use the analysis methodology in ASME Section VIII, Division 3, including fracture mechanics, for determination of the static pressure rating and the design fatigue life. However, detailed requirements for finite element analysis (FEA) parameters such as element type and mesh density are not specified. In addition, specific requirements for fracture mechanics analysis are not provided. This paper explores the effect of variations in those parameters on the calculated static pressure rating and the design fatigue life and gives recommendations for optimizing the parameters of the design itself (e.g. blend radii at transitions) and the analysis considering the required accuracy of the result, analysis time and cost.","PeriodicalId":174920,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: High-Pressure Technology; Rudy Scavuzzo Student Paper Symposium and 27th Annual Student Paper Competition; ASME Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnosis and Prognosis Division (NDPD)","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134425156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning of the Acoustical Analysis Model for Hypercompressors Through Strain Gage Pulsation Measurements","authors":"A. Fusi, L. Cappelli, C. Carcasci, Marco Sacco","doi":"10.1115/pvp2019-93077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93077","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Reciprocating compressor plants are typically exposed to vibrations, resulting from the discontinuity of the flow (pressure pulsations) and from external mechanical loads (compressor motion). To minimize the impact of pressure pulsations on vibration issues, a robust acoustical study is needed in the early design stage. Reliable standards and guidelines concerning vibration and pulsation are available for common applications (up to 350 bar) [1][2]. Within this pressure range it is possible to meet the standards by introducing pulsation suppression devices such as volume bottles or orifices. The Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) process requires very high pressures obtained with dedicated machines (Hypercompressors). There are no specific pulsation guidelines for these extreme pressures; in addiction reactive pulsation suppression devices like volume bottles are ineffective due to the high speed of sound in real gas (and related long wavelengths) at such pressures.\u0000 This paper describes the case history of a plant which exhibited high piping vibration from the first machine start-up. A survey was made to measure vibrations and pressure pulsations by means of strain gages: internal pressure was derived from external deformation through pressure vessel theory. Strain gages were chosen because they can be easily installed without positioning restrictions, while dynamic pressure sensors require pressure taps and must be limited to specific points.\u0000 Pulsation measurements were compared with an acoustic analysis, showing some discrepancy, especially at relatively high harmonics, mainly due to incorrect evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of high-pressure ethylene. In fact, in the LDPE process pressure range, isentropic exponent kv and compressibility factor Z can reach very high values, consequently affecting the calculation of the speed of sound.\u0000 A new acoustic modelling was developed to achieve better consistency with the measurements. Pressure-dependent kv and Z were taken into account and a sensitivity analysis of the most relevant valve parameters was performed.\u0000 Comparing the vibrations and pulsations spectra, once the MNF, compressor manifold arrangement and external loads are known, is fundamental to detect the origin of vibrations and how they are affected by pulsations.","PeriodicalId":174920,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: High-Pressure Technology; Rudy Scavuzzo Student Paper Symposium and 27th Annual Student Paper Competition; ASME Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnosis and Prognosis Division (NDPD)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115434003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of Flexible Magnetic Camera for Welded Tubular Joint Inspection","authors":"Eunho Choe, Hoyong Lee, Jinyi Lee","doi":"10.1115/pvp2019-93371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93371","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Liquid penetrant testing (PT), magnetic particle testing (MT) and ultrasonic testing (UT) have been used as nondestructive testing methods for the welded tubular joints of reactor cooling systems. The PT and the MT that are applied to the surface test of the specimen have been experiencing problems such as specimen contamination, hazardous chemical exposure risk for the inspector, and the inspector’s extended time in the nuclear power plant due to the long testing time (increased risk of radiation exposure). This study is about the applicability of an alternative nondestructive examination (ANDE) method to solve the aforementioned problems. According to the requirements of ANDE, the NDE technology should be applied with the same or better sensitivity and shorter inspection time than the conventional inspection methods of PT and MT. In order to satisfy these requirements, a flexible-type multi-sensor array was developed in order to scan a certain welding area and complete the inspection in a short time. The static and time-varying magnetic fields were applied to the test specimen and the magnetic flux density distribution was measured by solid state magnetic sensors. Each sensor is arranged with a spatial resolution of less than 2 mm, and the shape can be varied according to the shape of the bead. By using the measured data, the magnetic flux density distribution according to the presence or absence of defects and shapes can be visualized in real time, and stored into the database.","PeriodicalId":174920,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: High-Pressure Technology; Rudy Scavuzzo Student Paper Symposium and 27th Annual Student Paper Competition; ASME Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnosis and Prognosis Division (NDPD)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126163161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Magnetostrictive Transducers and Applications for SHM of Pipes and Vessels","authors":"S. Vinogradov, J. Fisher","doi":"10.1115/pvp2019-94078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-94078","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The use of guided waves for long-range inspection of components is a rapidly growing area of the nondestructive evaluation service industry. Magnetostrictive sensors utilizing ferromagnetic strip material for the transduction effect have proven to be very effective for guided wave testing (GWT) on a variety of components. There is still a demand for enhanced sensor characterization and sensors with specific characteristics. The most challenging area is structural health monitoring (SHM) of components operating at elevated temperatures of at least 200°C.\u0000 A new configuration of a sensor for generating and receiving transverse-motion guided waves swaps the biasing and time-varying magnetic field directions. This alternative design is a reversed Wiedemann effect magnetostrictive transducer. These transducers exhibit a number of unique features compared with the more conventional Wiedemann sensor, including: (1) the use of smaller rare earth permanent magnets to achieve large, uniform, and self-sustained bias fields; (2) the use of more efficient electric coil arrangements to induce a stronger time-varying magnetic field for a given coil impedance; (3) the ability to generate both transverse and longitudinal waves; (4) they can be used on pipes ranging from a few millimeters to several meters in diameter.\u0000 In this paper, the new transducer design will be described and its performance will be analyzed in application to SHM of pressurized pipe operating at 200°C and automated omnidirectional scan of large storage tank walls.","PeriodicalId":174920,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: High-Pressure Technology; Rudy Scavuzzo Student Paper Symposium and 27th Annual Student Paper Competition; ASME Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnosis and Prognosis Division (NDPD)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129348785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Internal Pressure and Flaw Size on the Tensile Strain Capacity of X42 Vintage Pipeline Using Damage Plasticity Model in Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM)","authors":"S. Agbo, Meng Lin, Iman Ameli, A. Imanpour, D. Duan, J. J. Cheng, S. Adeeb","doi":"10.1115/pvp2019-94005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-94005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pipelines subjected to displacement-controlled loading such as ground movement may experience significant longitudinal strain. This can potentially impact pipeline structural capacity and their leak-tight integrity. Reliable calibration of the tensile strain capacity (TSC) of pipelines plays a critical role in strain-based design (SBD) methods. Recent studies were focused mostly on high toughness modern pipelines, while limited research was performed on lower-grade vintage pipelines. However, a significant percentage of energy resources in North America is still being transported in vintage pipelines. Eight full-scale pressurized four-point bending tests were previously conducted on X42, NPS 22 vintage pipes with 12.7 mm wall thickness to investigate the effect of internal pressure and flaw size on TSC. The pipes were subjected to 80% and 30% specified minimum yield strength (SMYS) internal pressures with different girth weld flaw sizes machined at the girth weld center line. This paper evaluates the TSC of X42 vintage pipeline by utilizing ductile fracture mechanics models using damage plasticity models in ABAQUS extended finite element method (XFEM). The damage parameters required for simulating crack initiation and propagation in X42 vintage pipeline are calibrated numerically by comparing the numerical models with the full-scale test results. With the appropriate damage parameters, the numerical model can reasonably reproduce the full-scale experimental test results and can be used to carry out parametric analysis to characterize the effect of internal pressure and flaw size on TSC of X42 vintage pipes.","PeriodicalId":174920,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: High-Pressure Technology; Rudy Scavuzzo Student Paper Symposium and 27th Annual Student Paper Competition; ASME Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnosis and Prognosis Division (NDPD)","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123775037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Strain Concentration of High Strength Girth Weld Subjected to Tensile Displacement","authors":"J. Shuai, Yinhui Zhang, Zhiyang Lv, Y. Shuai","doi":"10.1115/pvp2019-93530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93530","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 High grade pipelines have been the majority in China since the beginning of this century. Some pipelines in mountainous area and other places experienced the ground movement because of geohazards and the disturb of construction activities. The strain capacity is important to keep pipelines subjected to tensile displacement in safe. However, the strain capacity does not depend on the pipe body but on the girth weld because the girth weld is always non-homogeneous. The strain concentration may happen where material yields in advance. Therefore, the strength matching of the girth weld towards pipe body can greatly affects strain capacity of pipelines. Generally, girth weld is designed to over-matching to prevent the strain concentration. However, in pipeline engineering, actual strength of pipe body may be much higher than the specified minimum yield stress, leading the girth weld to be under-matching in fact. In addition, even in over-matching girth weld, there may be softening zone in HAZ. In this paper, the tensile tests of X80 girth weld were performed. Local constitutive relations at the weld, pipe body and HAZ were obtained by using the whole field strain on the specimens. The experiment showed under-matching in the specimen. Based on the results of local constitutive properties of the specimen, the finite element model of X80 pipeline girth weld subjected to tensile strain and inner pressure was established. It demonstrated that strain concentration happened in weld area in under-matching girth weld and softening zone in over-matching girth weld. Inner pressure has an impact on strain concentration in a case that strain exceed the certain limit.","PeriodicalId":174920,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: High-Pressure Technology; Rudy Scavuzzo Student Paper Symposium and 27th Annual Student Paper Competition; ASME Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnosis and Prognosis Division (NDPD)","volume":"276 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121364469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}