Henry Hui, J. Grant, K. Mclaughlin, D. Laverty, S. Sezer
{"title":"Secure Real-Time Industrial IoT Communications in Smart Grids Using Named Data Networking","authors":"Henry Hui, J. Grant, K. Mclaughlin, D. Laverty, S. Sezer","doi":"10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218179","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores Named Data Networking (NDN) for secure Industrial IoT (IIoT) communications in smart grid applications. NDN is a next generation networking paradigm, which is data-centric and has the benefit of built-in security properties, such as data integrity. This work applies NDN to IEEE C37.118.2 PMU communications, as an example smart grid IIoT application, and proposes a new data-encapsulation approach for NDN for low latency data streaming. The proposed communication architecture allows sensor data streaming with a lower overhead compared to related work. Communications are demonstrated to be secured using a trust anchor which protects data integrity and provides data authentication, while supporting optional data encryption. The proposed solution represents IEEE C37.118.2 in a JSON format, which provides flexibility and facilitates application of the approach to different use cases.","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129599875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fandi Bi, Birgit Vogel-Heuser, Ziyi Huang, K. Land, Felix Ocker
{"title":"Managing Technical Debt in Automation: Best Practices and Cross-Life-Cycle Strategies","authors":"Fandi Bi, Birgit Vogel-Heuser, Ziyi Huang, K. Land, Felix Ocker","doi":"10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218034","url":null,"abstract":"Technical decisions that offer short-term gains but result in long-term disturbances and costs are often made due to the insufficient appreciation or underestimation of their scope, impact, and remedial actions. Technical Debt (TD) is a metaphor that embodies such phenomena and poses a particularly harmful threat when interdisciplinary teams interact and collaborate. The study presents new methods analyzing cross-company TD characteristics and positive TD best practice use cases gathered from 47 semi-structured expert interviews in the industrial automation domain. The three most important life cycle phases, the requirement, design, and testing phases, are addressed. The analysis demonstrates that, like adverse TD incidents, cross-life-cycle ripple effects can be advantageous or disadvantageous to the system. By implementing one measure, the system can benefit in multiple life-cycle phases and even disciplines. Additionally, the measures identified can prevent and eliminate numerous TD types and subtypes. The study elaborates on 31 measures that address 129 TD subtypes and proposes a systematic lessons-learned-based step for managing TD incidents in the automation sector.","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124406928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving Online non-destructive Moisture Content Estimation using Data Augmentation by Feature Space Interpolation with Variational Autoencoders","authors":"C. R. Wewer, A. Iosifidis","doi":"10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218063","url":null,"abstract":"Data augmentation techniques have proven to be highly effective for many types of problems. However, the development of data augmentation for continuous input-output mappings in regression problems has not received much attention. Insufficient training data remains a significant challenge in machine learning, especially for industrial applications, as the cost of experimentation on the production line can be prohibitively expensive. This acts as a barrier to adoption of machine learning methods in industrial applications. In this study, we propose a data augmentation method called feature space interpolation for continuous input-output regression problems based on discontinuous data sets with clear gaps in the data. The proposed method is applied to a dataset of industrial drying of bulky filter media products. It is shown, that augmenting the original dataset by generated synthetic data points in the gap of the dataset by interpolation in the latent space of a well-trained variational autoencoder (VAE) can improve the performance of state-of-the-art of bulky filter media product moisture content estimation models, as measured by the mean absolute error and mean squared error by 4.82% and 6.32% respectively, and outperforms baseline generative data augmentation methods such as latent space sampling from VAEs.","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134638475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mattia Fanan, Claudio Baron, R. Carli, Marc-Aurèle Divernois, J. Marongiu, Gian-Antonio Susto
{"title":"Anomaly Detection for Hydroelectric Power Plants: a Machine Learning-based Approach","authors":"Mattia Fanan, Claudio Baron, R. Carli, Marc-Aurèle Divernois, J. Marongiu, Gian-Antonio Susto","doi":"10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218027","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroelectric is currently the most prominent among the sources of green energy, but, differently from the other sources, it has very strict requirements in terms of security that are taken into account with extremely robust constraints both at design and operations control times. In this paper, we evaluated the effectiveness of anomaly detection and explainability algorithms to supplement Decision Support System insights in Predictive Maintenance and Root Cause Analysis for hydroelectric power plants. The objective is to reduce operational costs and increase reliability in the plant, making hydroelectric technology more appealing to investors and promoting the transition to renewable energy. Specifically, the performance of several anomaly detection models was compared on real-world data with respect to the needs of the expert of the domain, that is the final user of the DSS, to work as an additional feature to speed up predictive maintenance. Additionally, the impact of SHapley Additive exPlanations values on helping the user understand the anomaly causes was investigated. Our findings are that the most performing algorithm was Auto-Encoder since it was able to find all recorded anomalies and even propose additional ones later confirmed by domain experts. The application of SHAP values was found to effectively guide the user toward the features related to the anomaly, although its application on streaming data was slow.","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125621291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carl Willy Mehling, Sven Pieper, Steffen Ihlenfeldt
{"title":"Concept of a causality-driven fault diagnosis system for cyber-physical production systems","authors":"Carl Willy Mehling, Sven Pieper, Steffen Ihlenfeldt","doi":"10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218199","url":null,"abstract":"The automated production of individualized products in a cyber-physical production system (CPPS) requires the combined automation of software and machine components. While this leads to increased productivity, the complexity of the CPPS may result in long unplanned downtimes when faults occur, and no system model is available to guide the maintenance team. Knowledge-driven, data-driven or hybrid modeling are available approaches in the literature to obtaining a system model. While expert-driven and data-driven modeling face limited applicability to CPPS, hybrid models, combining both approaches can offer a solution. This paper proposes a causality-driven hybrid model for fault diagnosis in complex CPPS, represented in a causal knowledge graph (CKG). The CKG serves as a transparent system model for collaborative human-machine fault diagnosis. We provide a concept for the continuous hybrid learning of the CKG, a maturity model to classify the resulting CKG’s fault diagnosis capabilities, and the industrial setting inspiring the approach.","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133980449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Best Paper Award INDIN 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/indin51400.2023.10218230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin51400.2023.10218230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122953534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Janis Albrecht, Alexander Biendarra, J. Jasperneite
{"title":"Increasing Ethernet TSN Multi-Protocol Interoperability by Algorithmic Configuration Merge","authors":"Janis Albrecht, Alexander Biendarra, J. Jasperneite","doi":"10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10217988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10217988","url":null,"abstract":"Standardization and prototyping of Ethernet Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) makes progress and its mechanisms are utilized with various application protocols and technologies within the industrial automation domain. Sharing Ethernet TSN mechanisms in multi-protocol networks impacts interoperability. Although the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) attempt to unify Ethernet TSN utilization with the IEC/IEEE 60802 TSN Profile for Industrial Automation, Ethernet TSN devices already exists on the market by different vendors. An area of conflict is the egress configuration of a single Ethernet-Interface for TSN streams of different technologies, such as PROFINET, CC-Link IE TSN and OPC UA Field eXchange. A practical post processing solution can be to merge Ethernet TSN configurations for a single port. A concept for a Configuration Merge Algorithm (COMEA) is presented in this work. A test environment consisting of multiple industrial automation applications with an Ethernet TSN network infrastructure is used to demonstrate the result of application.","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127664057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sikora, Fabian Sowieja, Sebastian E Jubin, Manuel Schappacher, Wacime Hadrich
{"title":"Automated Physical TestBeds (APTB 2.0): Enabling Reliable and Efficient Testing of Wireless Communication Networks for IoT and Industry 4.0","authors":"A. Sikora, Fabian Sowieja, Sebastian E Jubin, Manuel Schappacher, Wacime Hadrich","doi":"10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218143","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless communication networks are crucial for enabling megatrends like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0. However, testing these networks can be challenging due to the complex network topology and RF characteristics, requiring a multitude of scenarios to be tested. To address this challenge, the authors developed and extended an automated testbed called Automated Physical TestBed (APTB). This testbed provides the means to conduct controlled tests, analyze coexistence, emulate multiple propagation paths, and model dependable channel conditions. Additionally, the platform supports test automation to facilitate efficient and systematic experimentation. This paper describes the extended architecture, implementation, and performance evaluation of the APTB testbed. The APTB testbed provides a reliable and efficient solution for testing wireless communication networks under various scenarios. The implementation and performance verification of the testbed demonstrate its effectiveness and usefulness for researchers and industry practitioners.","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127806133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niels Grüuttemeier, Kaja Balzereit, Nehal Soni, Andreas Bunte
{"title":"Efficient Production Scheduling by Exploiting Repetitive Product Configurations","authors":"Niels Grüuttemeier, Kaja Balzereit, Nehal Soni, Andreas Bunte","doi":"10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218249","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the problem of scheduling production jobs on a single machine with sequence dependent family setup times and individual job deadlines. Given a set of jobs, the goal is to minimize the total time to process all jobs while every job meets its deadline. We study algorithms that compute an exact solution to the problem. Motivated by one example use case, we exploit a natural structural observation that occurs in many production settings: the number of product configurations may be significantly smaller than the total number of jobs. We identify an algorithm that is efficient in this setting in terms of performance. We experimentally evaluate its running time and compare it with two other natural approaches of exact job scheduling.","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121449473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integration of Machine Learning Safety Functions in the Ontology of Functional Safety","authors":"M. Kieviet, Padma Iyenghar","doi":"10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10217928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10217928","url":null,"abstract":"Safety awareness is extremely important when Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML) is introduced in the functional safety domain. This paper shows a way to bring the characteristics of the ML development process as well as their particular characteristics into a consensus of the engineering process of functional safety and its reliability requirements.","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115971443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}