Melisa López, S. B. Damsgaard, Akif Kabaci, Weifan Zhang, Himanshu Sharma, Sepideh Valiollahi, Ignacio Rodríguez, P. Mogensen
{"title":"Towards the 5G-Enabled Factories of the Future","authors":"Melisa López, S. B. Damsgaard, Akif Kabaci, Weifan Zhang, Himanshu Sharma, Sepideh Valiollahi, Ignacio Rodríguez, P. Mogensen","doi":"10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10217837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10217837","url":null,"abstract":"5G is a flexible key technology for Industry 4.0. Combined with edge-computing, Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) systems, and other secondary wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi and MuLTEfire, it will transform the Factories of the Future into more advanced, safer, and more flexible smart production environments. In this paper, we present our research visions, and our reference implementation of a 5G-enabled factory where industrial applications and solutions can be developed and tested in operational conditions. The paper introduces the main technological developments, including a selection of observations and performance evaluations useful for engineers in both the communications and manufacturing domains. Future research visions such as the integration of a digital twin environment are also briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134343595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andreas Walz, Karl-Heinz Niemann, Julian Göppert, K. Fischer, Simon Merklin, Dominik Ziegler, A. Sikora
{"title":"PROFINET Security: A Look on Selected Concepts for Secure Communication in the Automation Domain","authors":"Andreas Walz, Karl-Heinz Niemann, Julian Göppert, K. Fischer, Simon Merklin, Dominik Ziegler, A. Sikora","doi":"10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10217985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10217985","url":null,"abstract":"We provide a brief overview of the cryptographic security extensions for PROFINET, as defined and specified by PROFIBUS & PROFINET International (PI). These come in three hierarchically defined Security Classes, called Security Class 1,2 and 3. Security Class 1 provides basic security improvements with moderate implementation impact on PROFINET components. Security Classes 2 and 3, in contrast, introduce an integrated cryptographic protection of PROFINET communication. We first highlight and discuss the security features that the PROFINET specification offers for future PROFINET products. Then, as our main focus, we take a closer look at some of the technical challenges that were faced during the conceptualization and design of Security Class 2 and 3 features. In particular, we elaborate on how secure application relations between PROFINET components are established and how a disruption-free availability of a secure communication channel is guaranteed despite the need to refresh cryptographic keys regularly. The authors are members of the PI Working Group CB/PG10 Security.","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130382511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Denis Gustin, Timo Siekmann, Bjorn Kroll, Philip Kleen, S. Schriegel, J. Jasperneite
{"title":"Outdoor Field Test of 5G-based V2X Communication for Real-Time Monitoring and Remote Control of a Monorail Vehicle","authors":"Denis Gustin, Timo Siekmann, Bjorn Kroll, Philip Kleen, S. Schriegel, J. Jasperneite","doi":"10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10217903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10217903","url":null,"abstract":"Smart cities will be significantly shaped by their modes of mobility. For the blend of public and individual transport, smart mobility will introduce autonomous vehicles on a large scale, which often heavily rely on communication. As the capabilities of autonomous vehicles are still limited nowadays, driver-less vehicles have to be able to be remotely monitored and controlled in real-time. This creates high performance demands for the vehicle’s communication link, especially regarding latency and uplink, which can easily exceed the limits of communication standards like Long Term Evolution (LTE). Therefore, the development of the communication system for the newly developed autonomous monorail vehicle MONOCAB aims towards the use of the 5G standard. This paper presents experiences and measurements from a first outdoor field test conducted in the context of monitoring and remotely controlling the MONOCAB via 5G. Previously, all communication services were subjected to ITU-T Y.1564 compliant tests for the network planning and the deployment of a 5G Non-Public Network (NPN). This deployed 5G NPN was then used to test remote monitoring the MONOCAB, at it’s first public presentation on the 3rd of October 2022, by transmitting video streams and telemetry data from the vehicle to a central control station. Additionally, a glass-to-glass latency measurement of a video stream transmitted via 5G was conducted, to point out the latency impact of 5G.","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115202740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Motivational Exploration of Explanations in Industrial Analytics*","authors":"Valentin Grimm, Jonas Potthast, J. Rubart","doi":"10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10217864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10217864","url":null,"abstract":"Explainable AI (XAI) provides approaches and techniques for building trust in AI models. This paper presents and explores XAI approaches focusing on user interface concepts in predictive maintenance. The underlying AI model is based on an open dataset for wind turbines. An enhanced multi-class self-conceived labeling strategy improves the model and, thus, supports the XAI approaches. Previous research in user-centered XAI shows that users do not exploit the possibilities of XAI methods and instead rely on their intuition. To counter this tendency, we present user interfaces incorporating gamification elements to enhance understanding of AI outputs. We highlight our approach via two examples, demonstrating a local and a global XAI technique respectively. A preliminary user study was conducted to assess the value added by these gamification aspects. While the findings were inconclusive, they provided an initial insight into the potential of these design elements to foster user engagement in the realm of XAI.","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115546020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christos Mountzouris, Grigorios Protopsaltis, J. Gialelis, G. Theodorou, Nadia Bali, Dimitris Voultsidis
{"title":"Non-Interventional Precise TC Assessment for Enhancing Consumer Energy Flexibility","authors":"Christos Mountzouris, Grigorios Protopsaltis, J. Gialelis, G. Theodorou, Nadia Bali, Dimitris Voultsidis","doi":"10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218232","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal comfort (TC) serves as a key measure of how an individual feels about the temperature in an indoor environment, and it is influenced by a combination of physiological and environmental factors. Therefore, people can have different perceptions of the temperature within the same indoor space. An accurate and timely assessment of an individual’s TC can lead to benefits such as increased energy flexibility, improved energy efficiency, and reduced energy costs. This paper showcases the accurate TC assessment within indoor environments utilizing a wrist-worn wearable device that has been developed to continuously capture in a non-interventional manner the environmental conditions and the human biological indicators that affect the individual’s TC. The Heart Rate Variability (HRV) biological indicator has been employed for the validation of TC outcomes while the accuracy and the reliability of the device’s TC outcomes is based on the consistency with the existing research literature.","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114635090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated Safety-Security Risk Assessment for Production Systems: A Use Case Using Bayesian Belief Networks","authors":"Pushparaj Bhosale, W. Kastner, T. Sauter","doi":"10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10217926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10217926","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial control systems (ICSs) are complex networked systems that enable automation of large-scale processes. Depending on the application domain, the risk of the failure of components can have catastrophic repercussions. Up to now, a safety risk assessment is carried out to identify and narrow down possible failures. However, with the recent increase of cybersecurity attacks, a need of an integrated safety and security risk assessment is rising. This encompasses a comprehensive approach to assess the risks associated with ICSs and develop strategies for mitigating those risks. This paper proposes Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) as a representative of a probabilistic method and show its suitability for an integrated safety and security risk assessment. The method is evaluated by means of a use case. It provides risk propagation of functional safety, human safety and shows a propagation path from security to functional safety. The assessment is based on practical vulnerability assessments, technical documentations, manual observation and expert opinions.","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121883707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jörn Tebbe, T. Pawlik, Marc Trilling, Jannis Löbner, Markus Lange-Hegermann, Jan Schneider-Barnes
{"title":"Holistic optimization of a dynamic cross-flow filtration process towards a cyber-physical system","authors":"Jörn Tebbe, T. Pawlik, Marc Trilling, Jannis Löbner, Markus Lange-Hegermann, Jan Schneider-Barnes","doi":"10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10217913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10217913","url":null,"abstract":"Cyber-physical production systems have emerged with the rise of Industry 4.0 in different industrial fields. Especially the food sector, where inhomogeneous input products like beer/yeast suspensions with different qualities and properties have yet slowed down automation, has potential for this evolution. This contribution presents optimization methods for a dynamical cross-flow filtration plant which is driven by an advanced control concept in combination with data driven product monitoring via inline near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) in order to improve energy savings and filtration performance. Using a hierarchical control and optimization structure, the non stationary batch process is steered towards a high production rate with low energy consumption for a variety of different input products.","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122147990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aimal Khan, T. König, Florian Liebgott, Thomas Greiner
{"title":"External Magnetic Interference Classification in Magnetostrictive Position Sensors using Neuro-Symbolic AI with Log-Likelihood Ratios","authors":"Aimal Khan, T. König, Florian Liebgott, Thomas Greiner","doi":"10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10217878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10217878","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetostrictive Position Sensors (MPS) are used for precise distance and velocity measurements. They utilize magnetostriction to generate structure-borne sound waves and work on the basis of Time-of-Flight (ToF) calculations. However, external electromagnetic interference (EMI) can impact the accuracy of these sensors by interacting with the magnetic fields of magnetostriction. To address this issue, a novel hybrid approach utilizing both neural and symbolic AI has been developed to classify the intensity of EMI. This system is based on the combination of Log-Likelihood Ratios (LLRs). This study’s findings are particularly significant for industrial environments with numerous sources of external electromagnetic interference, where precise measurement is critical.","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122782682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruno Stefanuto, Luis Piardi, A. O. Júnior, Marco V. B. A. Vallim, Paulo Leitão
{"title":"Remote Lab of Robotic Manipulators through an Open Access ROS-based Platform","authors":"Bruno Stefanuto, Luis Piardi, A. O. Júnior, Marco V. B. A. Vallim, Paulo Leitão","doi":"10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218202","url":null,"abstract":"The research, training, and learning in robotic systems is a difficult task for institutions that do not have an appropriate equipment infrastructure, mainly due to the high investment required to acquire these systems. Possible alternatives are the use of robotic simulation platforms and the creation of remote robotic environments available for different users. The use of the last option surpasses the former one in terms of the possibility to handle real robotic systems during the training process. However, technical challenges appear in the management of the supporting infrastructure to use the robotic systems, namely in terms of access, safety, security, communication, and programming aspects. Having this in mind, this paper presents an approach for the remote operation of real robotic manipulators under a virtual robotics laboratory. To this end, an open access and safe web-based platform was developed for the remote control of robotic manipulators, being validated through the remote control of a real UR3 manipulator. This platform contributes to the research and training in robotic systems among different research centers and educational institutions that have limited access to these technologies. Furthermore, students and researchers can use this educational tool that differs from traditional robotic simulators through a virtual experience that connects real manipulators worldwide through the Internet.","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129687339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Imitation Learning from Operator Experiences for a Real time CNC Machine Controller","authors":"H. Nguyen, Øystein Haugen, Roland Olsson","doi":"10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN51400.2023.10218164","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling complex industrial systems can be a challenging task as it requires extensive knowledge and skills that are usually acquired through years of experience. This makes it difficult to program such expertise into machine algorithms. In this paper, we present a use case that demonstrates how we built control algorithms for a CNC machine using historical logging of observations from experts. With the advent of digital technologies, machining parts are now controlled by computer programs that offer high precision and speed. However, unforeseen scenarios can still arise, which demand operators’ attention and intervention, even with finely crafted machine programs. For our experiment, we collected data from a 5-axis Mazak Integrex i500-series CNC machine over a month manufacturing multiple instances of the same part. We collected observational states, which are sensor data that match the information operators receive and output engagement feed rates following the operator’s trajectories. Using behavioral cloning, we built an initial control policy from this data, testing three families of machine learning models: regression models, ensemble methods, and deep neural networks. The results showed that ensemble methods outperformed the baseline model significantly, proving that they have learned useful control patterns. The policies also demonstrated that ML models could eliminate noisy behaviors from operators’ actions. We believe that with interactive demonstrations in the future, these models have the potential to fully mature. Overall, our study demonstrates the feasibility of building control algorithms for complex industrial systems using historical expert demonstrations and machine learning techniques.","PeriodicalId":174443,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE 21st International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129448713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}