Gervin Ane Apatinga, Corinne Schuster-Wallace, Sarah Dickson-Anderson
{"title":"Exploring the experiences of the overburden of water collection responsibility of rural women in Ghana.","authors":"Gervin Ane Apatinga, Corinne Schuster-Wallace, Sarah Dickson-Anderson","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite evidence emphasizing women's responsibility for collecting water in sub-Saharan Africa, more needs to be known about the gender-specific consequences of this obligation, especially in rural Ghana, where water inaccessibility is a persistent issue. Employing a community-based case study, this research aimed to explore the gendered consequences of women's water collection responsibility, using a coupled systems framework. Data were gathered from surveys and focus groups and analysed statistically and thematically, respectively. Key findings highlighted intersecting influences in women's water access and collection difficulties, including distance to water sources, poverty, and health issues. Results revealed that over 50% of women experienced multiple consequences, including physical and psychological injuries (>80%), animal attacks (≤12%), spousal violence (>40%), nutritional challenges (>30%), hygiene problems (>40%), and socioeconomic issues (>50%). Over half faced three to seven intersecting water-related consequences, which intensified their difficulty in accessing and collecting water. Differences were observed across sub-communities. Interestingly, not all men had knowledge of these consequences, highlighting the crucial need to broaden their understanding as part of the solution to ease women's burdens. Addressing sociocultural norms and the various factors influencing access through effective and gendered water management and planning is imperative to alleviate women's burdens and improve equitable access.</p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":"22 11","pages":"2015-2039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruna Suellen Breternitz, Milena Dropa, Solange Martone-Rocha, Pedro Smith Pereira Ferraro, Francisca Alzira Dos Santos Peternella, Miriam Lopes da Silva, Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini
{"title":"Safe drinking water: to what extent are shallow wells reliable?","authors":"Bruna Suellen Breternitz, Milena Dropa, Solange Martone-Rocha, Pedro Smith Pereira Ferraro, Francisca Alzira Dos Santos Peternella, Miriam Lopes da Silva, Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our study investigated the presence of <i>Cryptosporidium hominis-parvum-meleagridis</i> and <i>Giardia duodenalis</i> in shallow wells used for drinking water (DW) in a rural area. Also, bovine feces were collected from their vicinity. Our findings highlight significant potential risks associated with these pathogens in DW sources. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, samples were collected in two phases: September/2019 to March/2020 and October/2021 to April/2022. Water samples (<i>n</i> = 69) and feces (<i>n</i> = 13) were collected biweekly and analyzed using the USEPA 1623.1 method and molecular tools for species identification, and feces by direct DNA extraction. During the first phase, oocysts and cysts were detected at frequencies ranging from 9.1 to 41.7 and 27.3 to 83.3, respectively. In the second phase, oocyst frequencies ranged from not detected to 25%, while cyst ranged from 18.2 to 83.3%. <i>Escherichia coli</i> concentrations were significant at all collection points. <i>C. hominis-parvum-meleagridis</i> and <i>G. duodenalis</i> were notably detected in bovine feces. Our study revealed the presence of anthropogenic parasites and <i>E. coli</i> in DW sources intended for human consumption. These findings underscore the urgent need for preventive measures to ensure safe DW and prevent future contamination. Effective water quality surveillance is crucial in this regard<b>.</b></p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":"22 11","pages":"2184-2193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detection of <i>Legionella</i> spp. in influent wastewater in Kobe City, Japan.","authors":"Shoko Komatsu, Chinami Fujinaga, Noriko Nakanishi","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Legionella</i> is an important waterborne pathogen that causes Legionnaires' disease (LD). Several outbreaks associated with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been reported in recent years; however, the prevalence of <i>Legionella</i> in WWTPs in Japan has rarely been investigated. In this study, we investigated the distribution of <i>Legionella</i> in influent wastewater collected from two WWTPs in Kobe, Japan between April 2023 and March 2024. The concentrations for <i>Legionella</i> in all seasons varied between 10<sup>4</sup> and 10<sup>6</sup> copies/100 mL in all seasons. Among the 10 <i>Legionella</i> species detected in the influent wastewater, <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> was the most commonly isolated. Genotyping revealed that pathogenic <i>L. pneumophila</i> strains were widely distributed in the influent wastewater in Japan with genetic diversity. LD is one of the most important infectious diseases during natural disasters. This study highlights the importance of influent wastewater as a potential source of LD in Japan, where natural disasters occur frequently.</p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":"22 11","pages":"2054-2059"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Climate change impacts on maternal health and pregnancy outcomes in Africa.","authors":"Salifu Dumbuya, Rhodah Chabinga, Manaye Asefa Ferede, Mohamed Saber","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.254","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wh.2024.254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The review examines how climate change adversely affects maternal health and pregnancy outcomes in Africa, a region particularly vulnerable to climate-related disasters. It highlights the increased incidence of tropical and waterborne illnesses due to climate change, disproportionately impacting expectant mothers. The study thoroughly evaluates the effects of extreme weather events like heatwaves and floods on maternal health, both directly and indirectly. It underscores significant gaps in policy and research within African health sectors regarding these issues. Key findings reveal that maternal death rates remain alarmingly high, with risks like preterm birth, stillbirth, and maternal hypertension exacerbated by climate change. The review calls for urgent action, including enhanced research, increased funding for climate adaptation, and the integration of maternal health into broader climate resilience strategies. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for greater awareness and international collaboration to strengthen health systems in Africa, particularly addressing the vulnerabilities of pregnant women. This work aims to enhance understanding among policymakers and researchers about the critical health impacts of climate change on pregnant women in Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":"22 11","pages":"2113-2131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frederick R Masangkay, Fausto C Rona Iv, Angel Jasmine G Poricallan, Raphael Louis M Padua, Marielle Sabina S Reyes, Justine Kate M Ricacho, Monica Jane E Samar, Maria Carmela I Santos, Jitbanjong Tangpong, Manas Kotepui, Mark F F E Padua, Giovanni D Milanez, Panagiotis Karanis
{"title":"First report on the long-term viability of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> species in unpreserved environmental freshwater samples stored at room temperature.","authors":"Frederick R Masangkay, Fausto C Rona Iv, Angel Jasmine G Poricallan, Raphael Louis M Padua, Marielle Sabina S Reyes, Justine Kate M Ricacho, Monica Jane E Samar, Maria Carmela I Santos, Jitbanjong Tangpong, Manas Kotepui, Mark F F E Padua, Giovanni D Milanez, Panagiotis Karanis","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Acanthamoeba</i> is an opportunistic, free-living amoeba ubiquitous in the environment. Despite reports of its wide distribution in the Philippines' freshwater resources, more information on the long-term viability of the <i>Acanthamoeba</i> species is needed. This study aimed to define the long-term viability of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> species in unpreserved environmental freshwater samples after 3 years of storage at room temperature. Stored water samples from 15 study sites were filtered through a 1.2-μm pore size glass microfiber filter, cultured in non-nutrient agar (NNA) lawned with <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and observed for amoebic growth for 14 days using light microscopy. Isolates from positive NNA culture were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using JDP1 and JDP2 <i>Acanthamoeba</i>-specific primers. The study site positivity was 33% (5/15). <i>Acanthamoeba</i> genotype T4 and <i>Acanthamoeba lenticulata</i> were isolated from Luzon; <i>Acanthamoeba divionensis</i> was isolated from Visayas; and <i>Acanthamoeba</i> sp. and genotype T20 were isolated from Mindanao. The long-term viability of <i>Acanthamoeba</i> species is an added risk factor for the sustained contamination of aquatic resources and other sample matrices. This heightens the risk of transmission to humans and animals. This study demonstrated that water samples fated for <i>Acanthamoeba</i> studies can be stored unpreserved at room temperature for several years.</p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":"22 11","pages":"2194-2205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long-term effects of wildfires on river water quality: a comprehensive review of the variability of water quality in South Korea.","authors":"Changju Kim, Heechan Han","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.275","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wh.2024.275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After wildfires, the loss of the humus layer leads to increased runoff and pollutants entering rivers. This study examined the long-term effects of wildfires on water quality. We statistically analyzed the changes in the water quality of streams surrounding the wildfire area. We used eight water quality parameters provided by the National Institute of Environmental Research for the analysis. To assess the impact of the wildfires, we employed t-tests and point-biserial correlation analysis to compare the changes in water quality indicators before and after the wildfires. Additionally, an analysis of variance was conducted to evaluate the impact of three wildfires, each occurring in different periods, on the water quality in a single river basin. The results showed increasing trends in hydrogen ion concentration (pH), electrical conductivity, and dissolved oxygen after the wildfire, whereas biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen exhibited decreasing trends. The impact of wildfires on changes in suspended solids was relatively minimal. It is expected that the results of this study provide valuable insights into developing water quality management and restoration plans following wildfires.</p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":"22 11","pages":"2146-2159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cely Roledo, Daniela Dayrell França, Ingrid Ruanna Dos Santos Feitosa, Gilson Alves Quinaglia, Cassiana Carolina Montagner, Deborah Arnsdorff Roubicek, Adriano Gonçalves Dos Reis
{"title":"A comprehensive study on bisphenol A and estrogenic activity in the Paraíba do Sul River, São Paulo, Brazil.","authors":"Cely Roledo, Daniela Dayrell França, Ingrid Ruanna Dos Santos Feitosa, Gilson Alves Quinaglia, Cassiana Carolina Montagner, Deborah Arnsdorff Roubicek, Adriano Gonçalves Dos Reis","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent decades, contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in aquatic environments have garnered significant attention due to their adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. Among these CECs, bisphenol A (BPA) is a major concern because of its widespread use and endocrine-disrupting properties. Brazil's urbanization and industrial growth have led to significant pollution challenges, primarily due to inadequate sewage infrastructure and untreated domestic wastewater being discharged into rivers, contributing to the presence of emerging contaminants in surface waters. This study assessed BPA contamination and estrogenic activity in the Paraíba do Sul River in São Paulo State, Brazil. BPA was detected in 50% of the samples, with concentrations ranging from 11.1 to 116.9 ng L<sup>-1</sup>. The estrogenic activity assay also showed positive results in 50% of the samples, ranging from 0.12 to 1.36 ng L<sup>-1</sup> of estradiol-equivalent, indicating the presence of multiple compounds contributing to estrogenic effects. This underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to monitoring water quality. The water quality index (WQI) revealed compromised water quality at the studied sites, particularly during the rainy season. The correlation between the WQI, BPA, and estrogenic activity parameters suggests that endocrine-disrupting compounds significantly impact water quality, exacerbated by inadequate wastewater treatment infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":"22 11","pages":"2060-2075"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Healthcare waste management and antimicrobial resistance: a critical review.","authors":"Jirata Shiferaw Abosse, Bekele Megersa, Feleke Zewge, Fasil Ejigu Eregno","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid growth of populations and urbanization has led to a significant increase in healthcare waste, posing serious health risks. A search on Google Scholar identified seven relevant articles from Ethiopia that examine the relationship between improper waste management in healthcare facilities (HCFs) and the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. This review aims to highlight key concepts, evidence sources, and knowledge gaps specific to the Ethiopian context. The unsafe disposal of antibiotics through leaks and solid waste has contributed to what some are calling a 'silent pandemic,' raising concerns about emerging infectious diseases. Studies have revealed alarming rates of infectious agents and AMR in healthcare wastewater. Isolates of <i>C. jejuni, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis</i>, and <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> from various healthcare waste sites in Ethiopia demonstrate high levels of AMR genes. Additionally, research indicates that HCFs produce significant amounts of waste, with high per-person daily waste production rates. Leachate from landfills containing this waste can negatively affect soil health, biological activity, water quality, agriculture, animal health, and human well-being. To mitigate these risks, effective waste management practices and the promotion of alternative antimicrobial use are essential strategies for reducing the emergence of pandemic diseases in developing countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":"22 11","pages":"2076-2093"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hunter Adams, Gary A Burlingame, Mark Southard, Andrea M Dietrich, Tim Bartrand, Keisuke Ikehata
{"title":"Water safety planning application for aesthetic quality of drinking water.","authors":"Hunter Adams, Gary A Burlingame, Mark Southard, Andrea M Dietrich, Tim Bartrand, Keisuke Ikehata","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The World Health Organization considers water quality aesthetic parameters affecting taste, odor, and appearance as factors to be monitored to determine the overall safety of water. Water safety plans (WSPs) can be used by utilities to proactively identify aesthetic hazards, rank them by likelihood of occurrence and consequence to the utility, generate risk scores, and provide direction on how to monitor, mitigate, and verify that controls are in place. The City of Wichita Falls Public Water System (CWF PWS) used the water safety planning approach to outline how aesthetics may negatively affect the system from source water, in-plant processes, and into the distribution system. By proactively identifying these hazards and outlining what to do using a WSP, the utility has put measures in place to ensure that aesthetically acceptable water is delivered to their customers. This article outlines the water safety planning process for water quality aesthetics and how the CWF PWS developed and implemented its WSP.</p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":"22 11","pages":"2160-2170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luke Juran, Emily Wilcox, Meghan Albritton, James A Smith, Jamie D Harris, Alasdair Cohen, Lalit M Sharma, Yashi Gautam
{"title":"Effectiveness of the upscaled use of a silver-ceramic (silver ionization) technology to disinfect drinking water in tanks at schools in rural India.","authors":"Luke Juran, Emily Wilcox, Meghan Albritton, James A Smith, Jamie D Harris, Alasdair Cohen, Lalit M Sharma, Yashi Gautam","doi":"10.2166/wh.2024.407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2024.407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In many low- and middle-income countries, school children consume untreated water that has been pumped into storage tanks. The water is often of poor quality and consumption can cause gastrointestinal illnesses resulting in missed school days, growth stunting, and cognitive impairment. This study deployed a silver-ceramic technology (MadiDrop) to disinfect drinking water in school storage tanks. While silver ionization is effective at the household scale, relatively little research has been conducted on its effectiveness at the community scale. To address this gap, we assessed disinfection via MadiDrop at three schools that serve vulnerable populations in rural India. Tank inflow and treated outflow samples were tested for total coliforms (TCs) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (EC). TC was significantly reduced overall and in two of three intervention tanks. Compared to the baseline, reductions in TC were significant in all three tanks and overall, while EC reductions were significant overall and in two of three tanks. TC reduction was negatively correlated with silver concentration and tank residence time, and silver concentrations were maintained below the drinking water quality guideline. While the intervention could be considered successful, several barriers and caveats are provided as are study limitations and areas for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":17436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water and health","volume":"22 11","pages":"2233-2245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}