Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision最新文献

{"title":"Visible and short-wave infrared star tracker objective designs for UAV navigation.","authors":"Chasan Chasan, Ahmet Bingul","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.600241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.600241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precise attitude determination is essential for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) navigation. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) and Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers are commonly used for UAV attitude determination; however, they typically achieve arc-minute-level accuracy, and suffer from drift and noise. This paper presents the design and simulated evaluation of two optical systems operating in the visible and short-wave (SWIR) infrared spectral bands intended to achieve arc-second-level accuracy. All performance results are based on optical simulations in Zemax OpticStudio, with analytical parameter derivations performed in MATLAB. The visible and SWIR optical systems are designed with f-numbers of f/1.7 and f/4.9, respectively. The proposed optical system designs achieve near diffraction-limited performance with thermal stability and manufacturability, indicating their potential suitability for UAV star tracker applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"43 9","pages":"1472-1479"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunable and enhanced abrupt autofocusing of elliptical Airy beams using amplitude modulation.","authors":"Deependra Singh Gaur","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.606468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.606468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An elliptical Airy beam (EAB) offers a double autofocusing feature, which could be further improved by amplitude modulation through a hard, elliptical-shaped aperture. For this, we numerically study the propagation dynamics of the EAB after selectively blocking several rings consecutively. In each case, abrupt autofocusing is improved at both focal planes. However, the ellipticity of the beam influences the intensity contrast as well as the distance between both focal planes. Sequential blocking of rings also affects the focal position, depending on the ellipticity of the beam. When only the first ring of the EAB with small ellipticity is blocked, maximum intensity at the first focal plane remains almost the same. Therefore, better autofocusing ability can be achieved by only blocking the first ring. In addition, the impact of topological charge on the autofocusing is explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"43 9","pages":"1394-1400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polarization properties in the scorpion's exoskeleton.","authors":"Daniel López-Cabrera, G Ramos-Ortiz, Edmundo González-Santillán, Rafael Espinosa-Luna","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.604723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.604723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scorpions are arthropods with a broad geographic distribution. They live in environments ranging from deserts to tropical rainforests. Several ecomorphotypes have evolved in scorpions, including species that live under stones or in leaf litter, burrow in hard soil, and move through sandy habitats. Besides the obvious external morphology, their exoskeletons could potentially reflect ecological adaptations through specialization to substrates and niches. While the polarimetric properties of other arthropods, such as beetles, have been studied to understand biological traits, there are no reports on scorpions. To address this lack of information, we examined the polarimetric characteristics of the exoskeleton in four scorpion species using the Mueller polarimetry approach. Polarimetric readings were obtained first in reflected scattering geometry with incident polarized light at 635 nm; the studies were extended to the analysis of fluorescence emission near 500 nm produced by 405 nm UV-polarized light excitation. Although polarization effects in scorpions are not evident to the naked eye, Mueller matrix analysis and derived polarimetric metrics indicate that the exoskeleton of scorpions behaves primarily as a partially depolarizing surface with interspecific differences. Darker species with weaker fluorescence showed stronger depolarization, whereas lighter species with higher fluorescence exhibited lower depolarization. Notably, <i>D. withei</i>, the darkest species examined, displayed the strongest depolarization. This species exhibits a pelophilous ecomorphotype, characterized by low superficial activity and a predominantly burrowing lifestyle. Overall, this study applied the Mueller matrix method to characterize the polarization properties of scorpion exoskeletons and demonstrated differentiated interspecific polarization properties. Whether these depolarization features have an adaptive biological role, however, remains an open question that deserves further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"43 9","pages":"1345-1353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic correction of propagation distance in ptychographic image reconstruction.","authors":"Linghao Zhang, Yinghui Zheng","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.600268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.600268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate propagation-distance determination is critical in ptychographic imaging because axial uncertainty degrades reconstruction fidelity and introduces defocus artifacts. We propose a joint auto-focusing ptychographic iterative engine (jPIE) that treats the sample-to-detector distance as an adjustable parameter and updates it jointly with the object and probe during iterative reconstruction. Using a residual-controlled adaptive strategy, jPIE performs distance correction within the reconstruction loop without slice-by-slice searches. Simulations and optical experiments show that jPIE recovers the propagation distance at the 0.01 mm level under the tested conditions, suppresses distance-induced artifacts, and reduces the computational burden compared with conventional slice-based autofocus and zPIE.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"43 9","pages":"1454-1461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Star detection for low-altitude atmospheric star trackers.","authors":"Samuel Teague, Javaan Chahl","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.600488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.600488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Celestial navigation provides an alternative to global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) for uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), particularly in environments where GNSS signals are denied. However, traditional star detection methods can be ineffective for low-altitude atmospheric flight due to factors such as motion blur, clouds, and light sources. This paper addresses the challenge of robust star detection under these highly dynamic and noisy conditions. We propose a novel, to our knowledge, two-stage deep learning architecture that fundamentally departs from traditional single-frame spatial thresholding. The first stage utilizes a UNet convolutional neural network for robust star segmentation. The second stage introduces a novel multi-task, inter-frame keypoint detector that processes sequential regions of interest. By explicitly mapping the geometric bisection across the temporal boundary of two consecutive frames, this architecture resolves the directional ambiguity and endpoint fading that impede traditional algorithms in dynamic environments. This inter-frame point is highly salient, allowing for precise temporal alignment between the star sensor and other systems. The models were trained and tested on a large, synthetic dataset generated with a high-fidelity simulator, which includes augmented imagery to replicate motion blur, cloud cover, and lens flare. We compare the performance of our UNet star segmentation model against three baseline adaptive thresholding techniques: adaptive Gaussian, Niblack's, and Bernsen's. The results, evaluated using precision, recall, and <i>F</i>1 scores for star detection, demonstrate that the UNet method consistently outperforms the other techniques across all viewing conditions, achieving an <i>F</i>1 score of 0.85 in clear conditions compared to a maximum of 0.40 for the baseline methods. Furthermore, the keypoint detector demonstrated improved accuracy over standard methods, achieving a mean absolute error of 0.51 pixels under dynamic conditions. Both the segmentation model and the keypoint detector were tested on real data, confirming the validity of the synthetic data and demonstrating the ability of both models to generalize. A star identification success rate of 85.9% was achieved across 1000 frames of dynamic flight data, representing a 23.3% reliability improvement over the baseline peak extraction method. This study's primary contribution is a robust star segmentation model and keypoint detector that form the foundation for a reliable strapdown star tracker for use in challenging low-altitude scenarios. Unlike traditional satellite star trackers that rely on high-precision gyroscopes for motion compensation, our method obviates the need for angular rate sensors altogether, making it highly suitable for size, weight, and power constrained UAV platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"43 9","pages":"1502-1517"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculations of the average relative intensities of clay, sand, and silt in agricultural soil samples using a speckle methodology.","authors":"Sidney Leal da Silva, Patrícia Vanessa Pereira Barcellos, Douglas Ribas De Mattos, Felipe Maia Prado, Luis Eduardo Rissato Zamariolli, Fábio Esteves da Silva, Gustavo Di Chiacchio Faulin, Niklaus Ursus Wetter","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.592787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.592787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Study aimed to obtain reference curves of speckle pattern intensity to verify contrasts between soil classifications: clayey, very clayey, silty, sandy, and medium. Normalizations were performed using proportionality factors of known concentrations of the mineral materials: clay, sand, and silt. The application was to determine the classifications and concentrations of two occult samples from the cataloged intensity averages. Speckle methodology was used for data collection and analysis. The intensities of the classifications silty (0.429±0.017), very clayey (0.498±0.019), clayey (0.506±0.021), sandy (0.518±0.021), and medium (0.528±0.022) show good accuracy to the methodology.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"43 9","pages":"E1-E8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum-potential effects and vortex structure in the Bohmian dynamics of superpositions of Laguerre-Gaussian beams.","authors":"M A Machucho, G Silva-Ortigoza","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.604908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.604908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paraxial wave equation is formally equivalent to the Schrödinger equation, enabling quantum-mechanical concepts to be applied to classical optical fields. Within this framework, we investigate the Bohmian dynamics of superpositions of Laguerre-Gaussian beams. We derive the velocity field and quantum potential and analyze the resulting trajectory dynamics. Interference between modes with different orbital angular momentum generates vortex formation, trajectory exclusion from nodal regions, and spiral motion around phase singularities. Remarkably, despite the complexity of the Bohmian trajectories, the vortex cores follow nearly linear paths along propagation. The dynamics are governed by the amplitude ratio and OAM indices, while the relative phase only induces global rearrangements. These results establish a coherent trajectory-based description of structured light and highlight vortex cores as robust topological features.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"43 9","pages":"1336-1344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wavelength laser source detection with 20 pm resolution over a 70 nm spectral bandwidth.","authors":"Alain Morand, Pierre Benech, Noémie Mestre, Grégory Grosa, Guillermo Martin","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.584698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.584698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SWIFTS is an integrated microspectrometer that achieves high spectral resolution by probing an optical waveguide, the ultimate integration for obtaining a long interferogram. However, due to undersampling, the usable repetitive spectral band is limited. However, this spectral band can be doubled while improving spectral resolution by using a specific algorithm associated with a calibration table. Here, an analytical model is detailed to explain this improvement and is validated by experimental results. Thanks to this development, a new design is proposed to widen the spectral band from 7 to 70 nm with a spectral resolution of 20 pm.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"43 9","pages":"1518-1527"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetry of longitudinal energy flow in a tightly focused hybrid vector beam.","authors":"S S Stafeev, V D Zaitsev, E S Kozlova, V V Kotlyar","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.608122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.608122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper theoretically and numerically demonstrates the asymmetry of the longitudinal energy flow of a tightly focused beam with hybrid polarization. The investigated beam possesses a vortex phase and a polarization state that combines cylindrical and circular polarization. It is shown that the asymmetry depends on the order of the vector polarization; however, it is independent of the topological charge of the optical vortex. Numerically, we also find that the asymmetry persists with increasing distance from the focal plane. The possibility of generating the proposed beams using a spatial light modulator and a vector waveplate was demonstrated experimentally.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"43 9","pages":"1489-1494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient classification of orbital angular momentum superposition modes based on multimodal feature fusion.","authors":"Junjie Wu, Yulun Huang, Yu Yan, Kaige Yang, Leihong Zhang, Haima Yang, Jiansheng Peng, Jian Wan, Kaimin Wang, Dawei Zhang","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.601068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.601068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep learning-based classification of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes is important for OAM-multiplexed communication systems, yet the multimodal classification of superimposed OAM modes remains rarely explored. We propose a classification method that fuses polar-coordinate features with two-dimensional features extracted from local and global branches for atmospheric transmission of superimposed OAM modes. A polar coordinate transform converts the two-dimensional light intensity distribution into one-dimensional radial and angular sequences. Meanwhile, the image branch captures local structural details and global semantic information. The proposed multimodal feature fusion method provides complementary radial-angular and image-domain information for classification. Experiments show that the proposed model achieves competitive classification accuracy with a clear convergence advantage over the compared baseline classifiers, demonstrating the effectiveness of multimodal fusion for superimposed OAM mode recognition under atmospheric turbulence.</p>","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"43 9","pages":"1446-1453"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}