Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision最新文献

YOLO-MPID: an improved YOLOv5 network for in situ detection of laser cladding melt pool states. YOLO-MPID：一种改进的YOLOv5网络，用于激光熔覆熔池状态的原位检测。

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.568259

Shirui Guo, Enbo Wang, Quanbin Du, Shuisheng Chen, Chuan Guo, Lujun Cui, Yinghao Cui, Xiaolei Li, Yongqian Chen, Yue Zhao, Bo Zheng

{"title":"YOLO-MPID: an improved YOLOv5 network for in situ detection of laser cladding melt pool states.","authors":"Shirui Guo, Enbo Wang, Quanbin Du, Shuisheng Chen, Chuan Guo, Lujun Cui, Yinghao Cui, Xiaolei Li, Yongqian Chen, Yue Zhao, Bo Zheng","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.568259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.568259","url":null,"abstract":"High-speed laser cladding is a critical surface modification technique, where the melt pool state critically determines the quality of the cladding layer. To address the challenges of inaccurate monitoring and the lack of real-time feedback control during the cladding process, this study proposes an improved YOLOv5-based object detection model, named YOLO-MPID. The model incorporates the Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) module and the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) to enhance the extraction of complex edge structures and semantic features in melt pool images. Ablation studies were conducted to evaluate the individual and combined effects of SE and CBAM on detection performance. Comparative experiments under varying laser power conditions demonstrated that YOLO-MPID achieves superior robustness and accuracy compared to the baseline YOLOv5 and other mainstream detection algorithms. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves a mean Average Precision (mAP at 0.5) of 97.42% and a real-time inference speed of 121.71 FPS. Visual analysis further supports the quantitative findings. In summary, YOLO-MPID provides an effective solution for real-time melt pool state detection and quality control in practical industrial scenarios, offering robust technical support for advancements in image science and optical process control.","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"42 9","pages":"1322-1331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mapping 2D spatial structured light information onto 1D temporal speckle sequences. 将二维空间结构光信息映射到一维时间散斑序列。

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.571708

Purnesh Singh Badavath, Vijay Kumar

{"title":"Mapping 2D spatial structured light information onto 1D temporal speckle sequences.","authors":"Purnesh Singh Badavath, Vijay Kumar","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.571708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.571708","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional structured light recognition methods rely on spatially resolved imaging. These systems often suffer from low frame rates, sensitivity to alignment, and high computational demands. Such limitations hinder their use in real-time and scalable applications. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach, to our knowledge, for structured light recognition by mapping two-dimensional spatial features onto one-dimensional temporal speckle sequences. This is achieved using a single-pixel detector that captures temporal fluctuations in speckle patterns produced by a rotating diffuser. We demonstrate that optimal mapping occurs when the detector size is equal to or greater than the average speckle grain size, ensuring effective mapping of spatiotemporal speckle dynamics. Utilizing this principle, we successfully recognize Laguerre-Gaussian, Hermite-Gaussian, and intensity-degenerate perfect vortex beams via a support vector machine classifier. The recognition model exhibits >99% accuracy and is robust to atmospheric turbulence, strict optical alignments, or symmetry-breaking optics. Furthermore, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept of the proposed method by establishing a free-space optical communication channel. Employing 16 orbital angular momentum superposition states utilizing a 4-bit binary amplitude switching scheme, we achieve a bit error rate of 0.001. This work presents a scalable, low-latency, and computationally efficient method for real-time structured light recognition, offering significant potential for next-generation optical communication and sensing systems.","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"42 9","pages":"1425-1433"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decoupling retardance, enpolarization, and depolarization properties from a Mueller matrix: discussion. 穆勒矩阵的去耦延迟、激振和退极化特性：讨论。

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.568594

José J Gil

{"title":"Decoupling retardance, enpolarization, and depolarization properties from a Mueller matrix: discussion.","authors":"José J Gil","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.568594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.568594","url":null,"abstract":"The intrinsic connection between enpolarization and depolarization in linear polarimetric transformations becomes evident from the fact that, in general, the measured Mueller matrix-representing integral effects over temporal, spatial, and spectral domains-exhibits both behaviors in an inseparable manner. This entanglement prevents the unambiguous assignment of enpolarizing and depolarizing effects to distinct serial components of the Mueller matrix. In particular, the diattenuators arising in serial decompositions typically display polarizance or diattenuation properties that differ from those of the original system, and a similar situation occurs for the depolarizing component. As for the characterization of retardance, it requires the introduction of entrance and exit retarders, whose definition must rely on appropriate and physically meaningful conventions. This work discusses the problem of decomposing a general Mueller matrix into an equivalent serial system in which the enpolarizing-depolarizing and retarding properties are isolated in separate components. Based on the algebraic structure of Mueller matrices, the proposed solution enables the identification of a set of 16 parameters that independently characterize the system's enpolarizing, depolarizing, and retarding features. The interpretation and physical significance of these parameters are analyzed and discussed.","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"42 9","pages":"1354-1360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Backward canonical energy flow in the near field of three non-paraxial 2D beams. 三束非傍轴二维光束近场的反向正则能流。

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.572399

V V Kotlyar, A A Kovalev, A G Nalimov, A M Telegin

{"title":"Backward canonical energy flow in the near field of three non-paraxial 2D beams.","authors":"V V Kotlyar, A A Kovalev, A G Nalimov, A M Telegin","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.572399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.572399","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, several 2D non-paraxial light fields near the initial plane (sinc beam, Gaussian beam, and Hankel beam) are considered. These TE-polarized beams are shown theoretically and numerically to have a reverse canonical energy flux in the initial plane. The negative value of the longitudinal projection of the canonical flux vector means that the longitudinal derivative of the phase is negative, and hence, the local wave vector is directed against the positive direction of the optical axis. The reverse flux occurs in the presence of evanescent waves. Although running along the initial plane, evanescent waves themselves do not transfer energy along the optical axis perpendicular to the initial plane; they participate in the formation of the reverse flux. Near the initial plane, the amplitude of the light field consists of a linear combination of amplitudes of the propagating and evanescent waves. Therefore, evanescent waves participate in the formation of the phase function of the complex amplitude of the entire field and affect the sign of the longitudinal phase derivative. For a sinc beam, the backflow occurs in the first intensity side lobes, where the standing evanescent wave has odd antinodes.","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"42 9","pages":"1396-1402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavior of the observed time showing simultaneous events compared to the proper time of a scene seen through an oscillating refractive index medium. 与通过振荡折射率介质看到的场景的固有时间相比，显示同时发生事件的观测时间的行为。

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.571733

Alexis Matwyschuk

{"title":"Behavior of the observed time showing simultaneous events compared to the proper time of a scene seen through an oscillating refractive index medium.","authors":"Alexis Matwyschuk","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.571733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.571733","url":null,"abstract":"After previously highlighting time dilation and time reversal according to the refractive index value of the crossed medium, the temporal behavior at the observer place is studied when this refractive index varies as a function of time. Assuming a sinusoidal variation, two modes of progression with a stage of switching between these two modes are differentiated. The mode alternating time dilation and time reversal corresponds to the temporal variation with an alternating progression. The mode slowing down the proper time in the first step and accelerating it without reversing it in the second step corresponds to the temporal variation with a positive progression. The vision of an observer looking through a medium with a variable refractive index reveals directional variations of time and the simultaneity of several events in the scene. The determination of the number of simultaneous events as a function of observed time also indicates if the events are oriented to the future or to the past. Each orientation shows an acceleration zone, a deceleration zone, and a constant zone. These zones are determined by the value of the derivative of the observed time. The frozen time placed on the line of intersection between the future and the past corresponds to the derivative equal to zero. At that moment, the vision of an infinite number of events appears during a dot in observed time. This vision reveals a temporal singularity. The observed simultaneity can no longer be identified by an event number but by the duration of the proper time within the limits of frozen time. All the results obtained in this study were verified and validated, confirming the directional variations of the observed time and the simultaneity of events with the temporal singularity.","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"42 9","pages":"1332-1343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intensity fluctuations of higher-order laser modes in jet engine exhaust turbulence. 高阶激光模在喷气发动机排气湍流中的强度波动。

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.569233

Yahya Baykal

引用次数: 0

Efficient split-step modeling for imaging through atmospheric turbulence. 大气湍流成像的高效分步建模。

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.567887

Samuel T Thurman, Zachary J DeSantis

引用次数: 0

Radially polarized hyperbolic sine non-uniform coherent beams and their propagation properties. 径向偏振双曲正弦非均匀相干光束及其传播特性。

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.569798

Xin Liang, Ying Li, Lin Wang, Zhengjun Liu, Shutian Liu, Zhenzhen Song

引用次数: 0

Pixel-scale multipoint concentric optical camera non-uniformity correction based on the fiber-optic panel mask. 基于光纤面板掩模的像素级多点同心光学相机非均匀性校正。

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.560837

Ge Chi, Yawei Huang, Changxiang Yan

{"title":"Pixel-scale multipoint concentric optical camera non-uniformity correction based on the fiber-optic panel mask.","authors":"Ge Chi, Yawei Huang, Changxiang Yan","doi":"10.1364/JOSAA.560837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.560837","url":null,"abstract":"Concentric optical cameras are widely used in the field of space target detection; the fiber-optic panel is positioned between the concentric objective lens and the sensor, but the presence of defects in the fiber-optic panel will exacerbate the non-uniformity of the image. In this paper, we obtain flat-field and dark-field images and establish the fiber-optic panel mask by designing the calibration experiments. The pixel-scale multipoint correction method is used to correct the non-uniformity of the image after bilinear interpolation corrects the values of the mask points. With the ability to reduce image non-uniformity from 6.3494% to 3.5179% for low irradiance regions and from 1.8826% to 0.3009% for high irradiance regions, this method can improve image quality and analytical reliability under a variety of lighting conditions. The method provides a reference for the image quality optimization of optical imaging systems based on fiber-optic imaging devices, which improves the imaging accuracy and data reliability of concentric optical cameras.","PeriodicalId":17382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision","volume":"42 9","pages":"1285-1294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Goos-Hänchen and Imbert-Fedorov shifts for electromagnetic multi-Gaussian Schell-model beams. Goos-Hänchen和电磁多高斯谢尔模型光束的Imbert-Fedorov位移。

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理

Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.570663

Miaomiao Tang, He Zhang, Yunzhe Yang, Shijie Dong, Yujie Zhou, Xinzhong Li

引用次数: 0