Mingming Zhao, Hongchun Sun, Zhigang Liu, Hong Zhao
{"title":"Preparation of Titanium Foam-based SnO<sub>2</sub>-Sb Electrode for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Phenol","authors":"Mingming Zhao, Hongchun Sun, Zhigang Liu, Hong Zhao","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/adb892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/adb892","url":null,"abstract":"The titanium foam-based SnO 2 -Sb electrode has received more and more attention due to its high electrocatalytic activity, which is enabled by the unique porous structure of the titanium foam substrate. However, the electrode is constrained by the preparation method, exhibiting poor stability and a limited service life. An electrodeposition method was developed for preparing a high-efficiency, low-energy-consuming, and long-lasting foam titanium-based SnO 2 -Sb electrode, with the regulation of experimental parameters, including current density, counter electrode materials, and electrodeposition cycles. The results demonstrate that the prepared electrode coatings are well dispersed with improved grain refinement. The electrode surface exhibited multiple catalytically active sites and exhibited a low phenol decomposition potential (1.74 V). It achieved 98.39% phenol removal and 91.85% chemical oxygen demand removal within 180 min with high current efficiency (30.56%) and low reaction energy consumption of 0.13 kWh g −1 . The electrode life is extended when electrodeposition is performed twice, resulting in an actual service life of 1130.20 h. In conclusion, this study presents a novel approach to the fabrication of foamed titanium-based SnO 2 -Sb electrodes with high performance for the electrochemical oxidation process.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"172 3","pages":"032503-032503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147917140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sn@C Composite Architecture for Improved Stability and Performance in Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes","authors":"Jiapeng Lu, Lingling Wang, Xin Min, Ya Chen, Wei Wang, Zhaohui Huang, Minghao Fang","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/adada6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/adada6","url":null,"abstract":"The theoretical capacity of metallic tin (Sn) is 994 mAh g −1 , making it a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The cycling performance rapidly deteriorates due to the significant volume expansion and contraction during the lithium insertion/extraction process, which is the main limiting factor for the practical application of Sn-based anode materials in LIBs. We report a new material design and fabrication method for carbon-coated Sn solid sphere anodes, using amorphous carbon as the conductive and buffering matrix to form Sn@C composite materials. The size of the composite phases can be easily controlled by varying the carbon source ratio and reduction calcination temperature. The results show that the sample with a carbon source ratio of 1:4, reduced at 600 °C, exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. At a current density of 0.2 C, the discharge capacity reaches 994 mAh g −1 after 500 cycles. At a current density of 3 C, the capacity is maintained at 318 mAh g −1 after 1000 cycles. The synthesis of high-performance Sn-based anode materials through a simple and controllable method holds significant importance and value.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"172 2","pages":"020502-020502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147898782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comprehensive Understanding of Accelerated Stress Test Protocols for Fe-N-C Catalysts in Acidic Aqueous Media","authors":"Haoran Wu, Yuan Li, Miao‐Ying Chen, Weidong Li, Yi-Bo Ding, Xing Yuan, Si-Yu Rong, Bang‐An Lu","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/adb5ca","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/adb5ca","url":null,"abstract":"Accelerated cycling tests on a rotating disk electrode (RDE) are commonly used to rapidly assess the stability of Fe-N-C catalysts. While RDE-based accelerated stress test (AST) protocols offer several advantages, the reliability of RDE-measured catalyst stability is often limited by the significant disparity in durability between RDE and fuel cell tests. To bridge this gap, it is essential to understand how various test conditions influence the results during stability testing. In this study, we identified the key factors affecting catalyst stability, including rotational speed and electrolyte temperature, through a systematic examination of AST parameters. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the effects of anions on catalyst stability. By optimizing these parameters, we propose a more rigorous AST testing protocol. This work offers valuable insights for rapid and accurate performance assessments of M-N-C catalysts.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"172 2","pages":"024508-024508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147901416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editors’ Choice—Investigation of the Dynamic Evolution of the Cathode-Electrolyte Interphase Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy","authors":"Guoxin Li, Congshan Guo, Wenjie Lv, Jin Zhao, Zhizhen Lv, Zhihui Chen, Zeyi Meng, Jigui Tang, Jingshu Hui","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/adaf5b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/adaf5b","url":null,"abstract":"Cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) is critical for inhibiting the cathode degradation to maintain cell life. However, the evolution of the CEI is still unclear due to its complex and slow dynamic process. Here we used scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) for in situ investigation of CEI formation process on LiFePO 4 cathode. Feedback images and probe scan curves showed a heterogeneous passivation that was gently generated on the LiFePO 4 particles during both charging and discharging. Besides, a LiFePO 4 composited electrode was also used to investigate the CEI formation to simulate the condition of real battery system. The composited cathode does not show obvious CEI formation within first two cycles. The SECM results between the pristine LiFePO 4 particles and the composited LiFePO 4 indicated the dynamic accumulation of CEI, which is influenced by the ability to charge transfer kinetics of cathode materials. This approach provided a feasible consideration for the connections between the dynamic evolution of the CEI and changes in charge transfer capability of cathode during cycling.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"172 2","pages":"026501-026501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kemeng song, Yuan Yuan, Hanbing Chen, Lu Ping, Ning Li, Ningyi Yuan, Fanglei Zeng
{"title":"Comparative Study on Cyclic Phosphazene-Based Flame Retardants for Ether Electrolytes in Li-S Batteries: Flame Retardancy and Performance Analysis","authors":"Kemeng song, Yuan Yuan, Hanbing Chen, Lu Ping, Ning Li, Ningyi Yuan, Fanglei Zeng","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/adacb4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/adacb4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study presents a systematic investigation of three cyclic phosphazene-based flame retardant additives, hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP), hexafluorocyclotriphosphazene (HFPN), and ethoxy-pentafluorocyclotriphosphazene (EtPFPN), for ether-based electrolytes in lithium-sulfur batteries. Through comprehensive analysis of molecular orbital calculations, self-extinguishing time measurements, and electrochemical characterization, we reveal distinct structure-dependent flame retardancy mechanisms and their impact on battery performance. HCCP demonstrates superior flame suppression through P-Cl bond decomposition but exhibits electrochemical instability above 15 wt%. HFPN functions primarily as a co-solvent, achieving significant flame retardancy above 20 wt% while maintaining stable electrochemical performance. EtPFPN emerges as the most promising candidate, effectively integrating into the electrolyte solvation structure to provide optimal flame retardancy, though requiring higher concentrations for complete suppression. Notably, synergistic effects between LiNO3 and the flame-retardant additives enhance both safety and electrochemical stability. These findings provide critical insights for the molecular design of flame-retardant electrolytes in high-performance Li-S batteries, demonstrating the importance of balancing safety enhancement with electrochemical stability through strategic additive selection and concentration optimization.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147906157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication of Low-Oxygen Titanium Powder by Electrolysis of Molten Salt Containing LaCl<sub>3</sub>","authors":"Shangrun Ma, Fuxing Zhu, Lingxin Kong, Liguo Zhu","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ada73a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ada73a","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium and its alloys are widely used in aerospace and ocean engineering because of their excellent properties. Molten salt electrolysis is a cost-effective and efficient method for producing titanium powder. However, titanium powder prepared via this method contains high oxygen levels. To address this issue, a novel approach for producing low-oxygen titanium powder by molten salt electrolysis containing LaCl 3 is proposed in this study. Molten salts were selected and their physicochemical properties determined. The density, viscosity, and surface tension of the molten salt increased with LaCl 3 content and decreased with increase in temperature in the NaCl-KCl-MgCl 2 -LaCl 3 -TiCl x molten salt system. For optimal separation of electrolytic products from the molten salt and electrolytic slag, lower LaCl 3 content and higher temperatures are recommended. Electrochemical tests revealed that the Ti precipitation reaction was quasi-reversible and diffusion-controlled. Finally, molten salt electrolysis experiments were conducted, showing that the oxygen content of the titanium powder decreased with increased temperature, LaCl 3 concentration, and electrolysis time. At 4 wt% LaCl 3 , titanium powder with a low oxygen content of 500 mass ppm oxygen was obtained by electrolysis at 850 °C and 2.5 V for 1 h. This study provides theoretical guidance for the low-cost, short-process preparation of low-oxygen titanium powder.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"172 1","pages":"012505-012505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147884524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huajin Tao, Nan Wang, Yitian Ma, Ahua Xu, Baoyu Huang, Xiaogan Li
{"title":"Rapid and Portable Detection of Pb(II) and Cd(II) Ions Using a Screen-Printed Graphene Electrode Enhanced with Alkalized MXene and Gold Nanoparticles","authors":"Huajin Tao, Nan Wang, Yitian Ma, Ahua Xu, Baoyu Huang, Xiaogan Li","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ada57f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ada57f","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces the development of a portable electrochemical sensor for the detection of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions based on a screen-printed graphene electrode (SPGE) enhanced with alkalized MXene and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Experimental results reveal that the Au@Alk-MXene/SPGE electrode exhibits excellent electrical conductivity, enlarged active surface area, and efficient electron transfer capability, which enhances the electrochemical detection of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions. Under optimal experimental conditions, the sensor demonstrates good electrochemical response and distinct stripping peaks for both ions. The linear detection range of the sensor is 5–130 μg l −1 for both Pb(II) and Cd(II), with detection limits of 0.198 μg l −1 for Pb(II) and 0.106 μg l −1 for Cd(II). Furthermore, the sensor shows excellent repeatability with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.16% (n = 10) for Pb(II) and 1.25% (n = 10) for Cd(II), as well as remarkable reproducibility with RSD values of 1.56% for Pb(II) and 1.57% for Cd(II). The sensor was successfully applied to analyze tap water and lake water samples, demonstrating satisfactory recovery rates. This research shows the use of MXene and AuNPs to modify SPGE electrodes, offering a rapid and portable electrochemical sensor for detecting Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions in water.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"172 1","pages":"017504-017504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147892041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Le Xu, Guoliang Liu, Haowen Zhang, Yan Wang, Zhe‐sheng Feng
{"title":"Nano-silver Doped Zinc Oxides Adhesion Layer for Wet Copper Metallization of Glass Substrates","authors":"Le Xu, Guoliang Liu, Haowen Zhang, Yan Wang, Zhe‐sheng Feng","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ada589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ada589","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, nano-silver doped ZnO (SZO) thin films were prepared on glass substrates and through-glass vias (TGVs) using a sol-gel dip-coating method. The SZO film served as a catalytically active mixed metal oxide adhesion layer, replacing the etching, sensitization, and activation processes typically used in traditional electroless copper plating (ECP). Surface cleaning is essential for achieving high-quality coatings. In this work, an alkaline degreasing solution, followed by a citric acid chelating solution, was used to effectively enhance the wettability of the glass surface. The SZO thin film, formed on the glass substrate after dip-coating and sintering of the SZO sol, can be directly coated with a copper layer via ECP. Following subsequent electroplating, a copper film with a thickness of 11 μm and a resistivity as low as 1.84 μΩ·cm was obtained. The adhesion strength of the copper layer under vacuum annealing at 300 °C in nitrogen atmosphere is 4.19 N cm −1 . In addition, the SZO sol-gel dip-coating process achieved complete coverage of the copper seed layer for TGVs with a high aspect ratio (10:1). This approach presented a cost-effective solution for fully solution-processed substrate-to-substrate interconnects in electronic device packaging applications.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"172 1","pages":"012507-012507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147920353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hierarchical Porous Co-Mn Hexacyanoferrate for Advanced Aqueous Sodium-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors","authors":"Chun‐Xia Zhao, Qiushuang Chen, Longsheng Jiang, Ziyang Liu, Xiaoxue Liao, Yanyuan Qi, Wen Chen","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ada73d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ada73d","url":null,"abstract":"Mn-based Prussian blue analogs (Mn-PBAs) have been regarded as promising electrode materials for sodium-ion hybrid supercapacitors (SHSCs) owing to their high specific capacitance and operational potential. However, the cycling stability of Mn-PBAs remains unsatisfactory due to structural deformation during ion insertion/extraction and their high solubility in aqueous electrolytes. Herein, porous Co-Mn Prussian blue nanomaterials (CoMnHCF) have been synthesized via an ethanol-assisted co-precipitation method with subsequent cation-exchange process. CoMnHCF possesses a hierarchical porous structure with high specific surface area up to 637 m 2 g −1 , which helps to reduce the structural strain during Na + insertion/extraction and provides more Na + diffusion channels. It is proposed that high Co/Mn ratio can effectively stabilize the crystal structure and alleviate the dissolution of electrode materials. CoMnHCF-2 exhibits high specific capacitance (242.7 F g −1 at 0.2 A g −1 ) and remarkable cycling stability (90.4% retention after 3000 cycles at 4 A g −1 ). Impressively, the aqueous SHSC assembled with CoMnHCF-2 cathode and activated carbon anode manifests a high energy density of 38.2 W·h kg −1 at a power density of 500 W kg −1 and an outstanding retention of 81.6% after 5000 cycles. It demonstrates that hierarchical porous Co-Mn hexacyanoferrate is an excellent candidate for advanced aqueous SHSCs development.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"172 1","pages":"010517-010517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147883698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khushnuda Nur, Christoph Roitzheim, Sandra Lobe, Qianli Ma, Martin Finsterbusch, Martin Bram, Olivier Guillon
{"title":"Cold Co-Sintering Studies of Composite Cathode for All Solid-State Li Batteries","authors":"Khushnuda Nur, Christoph Roitzheim, Sandra Lobe, Qianli Ma, Martin Finsterbusch, Martin Bram, Olivier Guillon","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ada82b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ada82b","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, we applied cold sintering for the processing of Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3 (LATP) and then LiMn 2 O 4 /LATP/Carbon black composite cathode. Their high-temperature processing is challenging due to Li evaporation and undesirable diffusion between electrode and electrolyte, leading to high interfacial resistance between these components. Cold sintering can be an option to address these problems. For cold sintered LATP, X-ray diffraction analysis displayed only a minor amount of secondary phases, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed slight reduction of Ti +4 to Ti +3 and Arrhenius plot presented higher activation energy for Li + conduction. Transferring this knowledge to our composite cathode, we got ∼85% relative density at merely 400 °C, 400 MPa using 1 molar aqueous solution of LiOH in a 1 min dwell time. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time a cold co-sintered composite cathode of this type has been prepared. It was wetted with polymer electrolyte and characterized electrochemically against a Li-metal anode. While the cell could be reversible cycled several times, proving the concept, impurity phases after cold sintering limited the extractable capacity. This detailed investigation contributes a deep insight of cold co-sintering application for composite cathodes.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"172 1","pages":"013503-013503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147911102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}