{"title":"A Comparative Study of Nano and Micro-Sized Silicon in Lithium-Ion Cells with a Nickel-Rich Cathode","authors":"Sheng S. Zhang","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad7297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7297","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing particle size has been widely adopted to mitigate the cracking and pulverization of silicon particles and to enhance electrode reaction kinetics for silicon electrodes in cycling. However, the increased surface area promotes parasitic reactions with electrolyte solvents. This work comparatively studies nano-sized silicon (Si-NP) and micro-sized silicon (Si-MP) as anodes in Li-ion cells using nickel-rich LiNi<sub>0.80</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM811) as the cathode. The focus is on capacity, capacity retention, Coulombic efficiency (CE), and rate capability by changing the negative-to-positive capacity (N/P) ratio and charging cutoff voltage. It is found that Si-NP initially exhibits a CE above 90%, however, it rarely exceeds 98% in subsequent cycles, leading to rapid capacity fade. Additionally, increasing the N/P ratio and lowering the charging cutoff voltage does not obviously improve the cycling stability of Si-NP cells. Compared with Si-NP, Si-MP experiences lower capacity and lower CE in the initial several cycles. However, with continued cycling, both the capacity and CE gradually increase to a maximum and stably remain at ∼99.9%. The findings of this work suggest that, with its excellent rate capability, Si-MP may be more advantageous than Si-NP in developing practical Li-ion batteries, provided its low CE during initial cycles can be successfully addressed.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review—Machine Learning-Driven Advances in Electrochemical Sensing: A Horizon Scan","authors":"Kaviya Murugan, Karnan Gopalakrishnan, Kogularasu Sakthivel, Sakthinathan Subramanian, I-Cheng Li, Yen-Yi Lee, Te-Wei Chiu, Guo-Ping Chang-Chien","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad6b4a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad6b4a","url":null,"abstract":"The burgeoning intersection of machine learning (ML) with electrochemical sensing heralds a transformative era in analytical science, pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in detecting and quantifying chemical substances with unprecedented precision and efficiency. This convergence has accelerated a number of discoveries, improving electrochemical sensors’ sensitivity, selectivity, and ability to comprehend complicated data streams in real-time. Such advancements are crucial across various applications, from monitoring health biomarkers to detecting environmental pollutants and ensuring industrial safety. Yet, this integration is not without its challenges; it necessitates navigating intricate ethical considerations around data use, ensuring robust data privacy measures, and developing specialized software tools that balance accessibility and security. As the field progresses, addressing these challenges head-on is essential for harnessing the full potential of ML-enhanced electrochemical sensing. This review briefly explores these dimensions, spotlighting the significant technological strides, the ethical landscape, and the dynamic interplay between open-source and proprietary software solutions while also casting a forward gaze at the promising future directions of this interdisciplinary venture.<inline-formula>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"jesad6b4a-ga.jpg\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula>","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fareeha Marriam, Aleena Arshad, Khadija Munawar, Muhammad Adil Mansoor, Mehdi Ebadi, Rabia Naeem
{"title":"Synergistic Approach of TiO2@MnZnO3 Heterostructure for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting","authors":"Fareeha Marriam, Aleena Arshad, Khadija Munawar, Muhammad Adil Mansoor, Mehdi Ebadi, Rabia Naeem","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad728d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad728d","url":null,"abstract":"The superior kinetics of charge carriers and greater visible light absorption are important factors for enhancing photoelectrochemical performance. Herein, the core–shell heterostructure has been developed by encapsulating single-phase MnZnO<sub>3</sub> over TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition approach. The fabricated photoanodes have been characterized by employing various techniques including X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and photoluminescence. Moreover, the mechanism for electron/hole transfer has been focused by a brief electrochemical investigation. The bilayer 1D/2D TiO<sub>2</sub>@MnZnO<sub>3</sub> photoanode exhibited higher current density (2 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>) as compared to pristine TiO<sub>2</sub>-nanotubes (0.174 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>) at 1.52 V vs RHE. The superior photoactivity of heterostructure is attributed to the rapid transfer of photogenerated charge carriers via the Type-II mechanism. Furthermore, the reduced band gap (2.05 eV) accounts for good absorption in the visible region of light, while the interfacial electric field allowed the improved charge separation. The synergistic strategy in the present work demonstrates the promising significance of a heterojunction interface to optimize photovoltaic devices.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel, Selective, and Fast Electrochemical Sensor Based on an 8-Nitroquinoline-Coated Pencil Graphite Electrode for Rutin Determination in Orange Juice","authors":"Farah En-Nakra, Demet Uzun, Erdoğan Hasdemir","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad7325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7325","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we developed a facile and low-cost method to prepare a modified electrode by coating the pencil graphite electrode (PGE) surface with 8-nitroquinoline (8-NQ). The surface modification process was carried out by electrochemical reduction of 8-NQ on the PGE surface in ethanol solution. The optimum conditions were determined for the experimental studies. The differential pulse voltammetry was used to determine rutin with the modified electrode (8-NQ/PGE). The developed electrode showed excellent performance for rutin oxidation in a pH 3.0 Britton Robinson buffer (BR). In this media, linearly increasing anodic peak currents were observed with the concentration of rutin in two wide concentration ranges (i.e., 0.016–0.96 μM and 0.96‒19.73 μM), the sensor showed a low detection limit (i.e., 4.14 nM) (3 s m<sup>−1</sup>). It displayed good stability and selectivity. Also, it was used successfully for the determination of rutin in orange juice samples.<inline-formula>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"jesad7325-ga.jpg\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula>","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal Performance of a Cylindrical Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2/Graphite Battery based on the Electrochemical-Thermal Coupling Model","authors":"Chao Zhang, Jin Shang, Yonglian Xiong, Ting Yi, Quanhui Hou, Xing Qian","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad7290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7290","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal safety of lithium-ion batteries has garnered significant attention due to its pivotal role in the field of new energy. In this work, a three-dimensional electrochemical-thermal coupling model based on the P2D model was established for predicting the thermal performance. The charge-discharge and temperature rise experiments via 18650 cylindrical Li[Ni<sub>0.6</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> / graphite batteries are designed to confirm the rationality of the model. The simulation results show that the highest temperature of the battery surface during discharging at 1 C and 4 C are 42.85 °C and 61.25 °C, and the experimental results are 42.50 °C and 62.85 °C, respectively. The electrode heat generation mainly comes from the reaction heat of cathode and anode during 1 C charge process, the maximum power is 1.2 W and 0.6 W, respectively. In the discharge process, the cathode dominates the reaction contribution of 1.02 W and the reaction heat power from the anode is only 0.016 W. The capacity of heat dissipation can be increased by enhancing the convective heat transfer coefficient and air velocity within a reasonable range. The proposed electrochemical-thermal coupling model is valuable to evaluate the heat behavior and promote the battery development.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dalong Tan, Hong Zhang, Zhaoguang Ma, Xia Zheng, Jing Liu, Fanyong Meng, Min Yang
{"title":"Thermal Battery Multi-Defects Detection and Discharge Performance Analysis Based on Computed Tomography Imaging","authors":"Dalong Tan, Hong Zhang, Zhaoguang Ma, Xia Zheng, Jing Liu, Fanyong Meng, Min Yang","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad728c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad728c","url":null,"abstract":"To address the typical structural defects that are prone to occur during the preparation and storage processes of thermal battery, experiments of battery image acquisition were designed based on X-ray computed tomography system. An improved Yolov5s network was employed to achieve high-precision automatic detection of typical defects. Through the discharge experiment of thermal battery, discharge performance curves of normal batteries and three defective batteries were constructed. The impact and mechanisms of different defects on the discharge performance were analyzed based on the voltage curve. By designing an automatic stitching scheme, the phenomenon of interlayer information overlap caused by the increase of cone angle in digital radiography images was suppressed. To address the issues of low image contrast and limited defect data in thermal battery imaging, the defect dataset was expanded using the designed image preprocessing steps and improving the contrast of the images. For subtle defects that are difficult to identify, the introduced multi-head self-attention mechanism in Transformer and the use of Focal Loss instead of cross-entropy loss function were employed to improve the recognition accuracy of subtle defects while ensuring the detection speed. The comparative experiment shows that the improved network model has higher recognition accuracy compared to Faster R-CNN, SSD, Cascade R-CNN, EfficientDet and the original Yolov5s network. The recognition accuracy of typical defects in thermal batteries can reach 98.7%.<inline-formula>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"jesad728c-ga.jpg\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula>","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanism Analysis of the Reduction Process of the NiO-YSZ Anode of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell by Hydrogen","authors":"Xiaoyu Wang, Yongliang Zhang, Haiming Zhang, Wenwan Song, Tatsuya Kawada, Zewei Lyu, Minfang Han","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad6bc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad6bc2","url":null,"abstract":"Reduction of the nickel oxide-yttria stabilized zirconia (NiO-YSZ) anode is a significant step before the operation of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). However, phenomena which occur during the reduction and their mechanism analyses are not summarized sufficiently. In this study, we investigated the influence of the hydrogen concentration, water vapor concentration of the reduction gas, Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content of the YSZ material of the anode, and temperature on the reduction process. The results showed that water vapor added to the hydrogen during reduction caused a temporary stasis period of the open circuit voltage. The length of the temporary stasis period was almost irrelevant to the water vapor concentration. During reduction, the length of the temporary stasis period of the open circuit voltage was negatively associated with hydrogen concentration and temperature, but positively associated with Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content of the YSZ material of the anode. After reduction, the SOFC showed better initial performance when the hydrogen concentration or the water vapor concentration during the reduction were higher. The classical shrinking core model can be used to explain these phenomena.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. K. van Leeuwen, A. Guerrero, R. Dowdy, B. Satritama, M. A. Rhamdhani, G. Will, P. Gannon
{"title":"Reactive Condensation of Cr Vapor on Aluminosilicates Containing Alkaline Oxides","authors":"T. K. van Leeuwen, A. Guerrero, R. Dowdy, B. Satritama, M. A. Rhamdhani, G. Will, P. Gannon","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad7061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7061","url":null,"abstract":"This study is part of a series with the objective of improving fundamental understanding of reactive condensation of Chromium (Cr) vapors, which are generated from Cr containing alloys used in many high-temperature (>500 °C) process environments and can form potentially problematic condensed hexavalent (Cr(VI)) species downstream. This study specifically focuses on the effects of alkaline oxide additives in aluminosilicate fibers on Cr condensation and speciation. Cr vapors were generated by flowing high-temperature (800 °C) air containing 3% water vapor over chromia (Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) powder, with aluminosilicate fiber samples positioned downstream where the temperature decreases (<500 °C). Total condensed Cr and ratios of oxidation states were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and diphenyl carbazide (DPC) colorimetric/direct UV–vis spectrophotometric analyses. Results indicate presence of hexavalent Cr (Cr(VI)) species condensed on all samples investigated. The ratio of Cr(VI) to total Cr detected was consistently higher on aluminosilicate fiber samples containing alkaline oxide (CaO and MgO) additions. Computational thermodynamic equilibrium modelling corroborated experimental results showing stabilities of Ca and Mg chromate (Cr(VI)) compounds. Comparative results and analyses are presented and discussed to help inform mechanistic understanding and future related research and engineering efforts.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruozhu Feng, Xueyun Zheng, Peter S. Rice, J. David Bazak, Aaron Hollas, Yuyan Shao, Yangang Liang, Wei Wang
{"title":"Redox Activity Modulation in Extended Fluorenone-Based Flow Battery Electrolytes with π-π Stacking Effect","authors":"Ruozhu Feng, Xueyun Zheng, Peter S. Rice, J. David Bazak, Aaron Hollas, Yuyan Shao, Yangang Liang, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad7324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7324","url":null,"abstract":"Redox flow battery shows promise for grid-scale energy storage. Aqueous organic redox flow batteries are particularly popular due to their potentially low material cost and safe water-based electrolyte. Commonly, redox active molecules used in this field feature aromatic rings, and increasing <italic toggle=\"yes\">π</italic>-aromatic conjugation has been a popular strategy to achieve high energy density, high power density, and reduced crossover in new material design. However, this approach can inadvertently hinder redox activity depending on redox mechanism. This study reveals the underlying <italic toggle=\"yes\">π</italic>-<italic toggle=\"yes\">π</italic> stacking effect in extended aromatic redox active compounds, where aromatic radical intermediates are involved in the redox process. We report a molecular design strategy to mitigate the negative effect of <italic toggle=\"yes\">π</italic>-<italic toggle=\"yes\">π</italic> stacking by altering solvation dynamics and introducing molecular steric hindrance.<inline-formula>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"jesad7324-ga.jpg\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula>","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Simplified Electrochemical Model and TSO-TCN","authors":"Chen Lin, Dongjiang Yang, Zhongkai Zhou","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad728f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad728f","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate prediction of the remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium-ion battery is critical in practical applications, but is challenging due to the presence of multiple aging pathways and nonlinear degradation mechanisms. In this paper, a method for RUL prediction is proposed combined with battery capacity aging mechanism based on transient search optimization (TSO)-temporal convolutional network (TCN) algorithm. First, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to derive three health indicators directly related to capacity loss from a simplified electrochemical model. Then, the TCN parameters are optimized with transient search algorithm to obtain the optimal prediction model. Finally, the RUL prediction are compared with other typical algorithms, and the results show that the proposed method can accurately predict the RUL of lithium-ion battery, and the life prediction error is within 10 cycles. Compared to TCN, the prediction results remain accurate even with less training data, and the error metrics are reduced by about 50% with the maximum error only 7 cycles from the 250th charge/discharge cycle.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}