Journal of The Electrochemical Society最新文献_第4页

Review—Graded Catalyst Layers in Hydrogen Fuel Cells - A Pathway to Application-Tailored Cells 回顾--氢燃料电池中的分级催化剂层--通向适合具体应用的电池之路

IF 3.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The Electrochemical Society Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad73a7

Marc Ayoub, Thomas Böhm, Markus Bierling, Simon Thiele and Matthew Brodt

{"title":"Review—Graded Catalyst Layers in Hydrogen Fuel Cells - A Pathway to Application-Tailored Cells","authors":"Marc Ayoub, Thomas Böhm, Markus Bierling, Simon Thiele and Matthew Brodt","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad73a7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad73a7","url":null,"abstract":"During steady-state operation, the proton conduction profile and the concentration profiles of the reactants and products transported through catalyst layers are non-uniform in the in-plane and through-plane directions. It is, therefore, a reasonable hypothesis that the optimal arrangement of the constituents of the catalyst layers should also be non-uniform. One way to address the non-uniformity is through graded catalyst layers. This study elucidates the state-of-the-art for graded catalyst layers, which so far were primarily investigated for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). We identify the most impactful types of gradients in the PEMFC cathode and highlight studies displaying their merits in terms of better conversion efficiencies and longer lifetimes. Furthermore, two critical issues that have received little attention so far are emphasized: on the one hand, industrially relevant manufacturing techniques must be developed and implemented. On the other hand, suitable techniques are needed to identify and characterize the gradients. In this study, guidance to navigate both of these challenges is offered.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pt Nanoparticles Electrochemically Deposited onto Heteroatom-Doped Graphene Supports as Electrocatalysts for ORR in Acid Media 电化学沉积在掺杂杂原子的石墨烯载体上的铂纳米颗粒作为酸性介质中 ORR 的电催化剂

IF 3.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The Electrochemical Society Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad7296

Raegan Chambers, Sajid Hussain, Jekaterina Kozlova, Kaupo Kukli, Peeter Ritslaid, Arvo Kikas, Vambola Kisand, Heiki Erikson and Kaido Tammeveski

引用次数: 0

Cathodic Decomposition Electrodes as Standard Reference Electrodes for Molten Salts: Example of the Lithium Eutectic Electrode for the LiCl-KCl Eutectic 作为熔盐标准参考电极的阴极分解电极：用于锂-氯化钾共晶的锂共晶电极示例

IF 3.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The Electrochemical Society Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad76df

Timothy Lichtenstein, Mark H. Schvaneveldt, Jarrod Gesualdi and Krista L. Hawthorne

{"title":"Cathodic Decomposition Electrodes as Standard Reference Electrodes for Molten Salts: Example of the Lithium Eutectic Electrode for the LiCl-KCl Eutectic","authors":"Timothy Lichtenstein, Mark H. Schvaneveldt, Jarrod Gesualdi and Krista L. Hawthorne","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad76df","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad76df","url":null,"abstract":"Alternatives to the widely-used standard anodic decomposition reference electrodes in molten salts are necessary to enable more easily reproduced thermochemical and electrochemical data in molten salt electrolytes. The class of standard reference electrodes called cathodic decomposition electrodes (CDEs) are easily constructed and can be used to make thermochemical measurements in molten salts more directly compared to anodic decomposition electrodes. The lithium eutectic electrode (LEE) was chosen as a sample test case for validation and was applied to thermochemical measurements of electroactive species in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic. Transient measurements were made to measure the Li+/Li reduction potential at zero current in pure LiCl-KCl eutectic relative to a Li-alloy reference electrode to validate the reference potential of the LEE. Literature-reported electromotive force measurements against Li-alloy reference electrodes were used to generate a relationship between the LEE and the standard chlorine electrode and this relationship was used to evaluate measured and reported formal potential measurements for the LiCl-KCl-GdCl3 system. This work demonstrates the general framework for defining CDEs for any molten salt system and a method for calibrating external reference electrodes against a CDE standard reference electrode, improving the ease of obtaining thermochemical and electrochemical measurements in any molten salt system.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New Electrochemical Approach for Synthesis of Nanoporous Silver 合成纳米多孔银的新型电化学方法

IF 3.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The Electrochemical Society Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad7533

Zhen Lei, Ksenya Mull and Nikolay Dimitrov

{"title":"New Electrochemical Approach for Synthesis of Nanoporous Silver","authors":"Zhen Lei, Ksenya Mull and Nikolay Dimitrov","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad7533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7533","url":null,"abstract":"Cu-Ag alloy films were electrodeposited on Au substrates to serve as precursor alloys for synthesizing finely-structured nanoporous Ag (NPS) structures. Two innovative approaches, surface limited redox replacement (SLRR) and defect mediated growth (DMG) along with overpotential deposition (OPD), were comparatively utilized to fabricate Cu-Ag alloy films. The electrolyte for these novel approaches contained Pb2+ ions to serve either as a sacrificial metal to be replaced by the co-depositing Cu and Ag (in SLRR) or as mediating metal to facilitate the 2D growth of both alloy constituents (in DMG). The resulting alloy films from both approaches displayed superior uniformity and miscibility compared to the OPD alloy, as evidenced by electrochemical scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction characterization routines. In a subsequent step, NPS structures were generated through the de-alloying of as-deposited Cu-Ag alloys, as illustrated by SEM imaging that revealed ligament and pore sizes with a thickness in the ballpark of 40 nm. Also, surface area measurements done by a Pb underpotential deposition assay suggested a surface enhancement ratio nearly five times higher than that of flat Ag. Furthermore, various de-alloying potentials were assessed to determine the optimal de-alloying potential for the best outcome of the de-alloying process. Highlights Two new, kinetically mediated approaches were applied to electrodeposit CuAg alloys. Nanoporous Ag (NPS) was synthesized by dealloying of as-deposited CuAg alloys. The optimal dealloying potential range was identified by anodic polarization work. Overpotential growth of CuAg alloy was used as reference throughout the NPS synthesis. The interconnected-porosity NPS structures were studied by SEM and Pb UPD methods.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tuning Deposition Conditions for VN Thin Films Electrodes for Microsupercapacitors: Influence of the Thickness 微超级电容器 VN 薄膜电极沉积条件的调整：厚度的影响

IF 3.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The Electrochemical Society Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad75be

Allan Lebreton, Jérémy Barbé, Christophe Lethien, Jonathan N. Coleman and Thierry Brousse

{"title":"Tuning Deposition Conditions for VN Thin Films Electrodes for Microsupercapacitors: Influence of the Thickness","authors":"Allan Lebreton, Jérémy Barbé, Christophe Lethien, Jonathan N. Coleman and Thierry Brousse","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad75be","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad75be","url":null,"abstract":"Vanadium nitride is a highly promising material for micro-pseudocapacitors when used as a bifunctional thin film, i.e. an electrode material and a current collector, owing to its remarkable electrical and electrochemical properties. However, the specific limitations associated with high-rate cycling remain unclear. In this study, we evaluate how the characteristic time associated with charge/discharge of vanadium nitride films is modified with the film thicknesses using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry measurements coupled to a semi-empirical model commonly utilized to assess the high-rate behaviour of battery electrodes. Both methodologies are in good agreement and revealed that rate capability of this bi-functional material is limited by the VN electrical conductivity. To confirm this finding, VN thin films were sputtered on platinum current collectors, leading to a six-fold reduction in the characteristic time associated with charge/discharge of the current collectors/electrode material. This underscores the importance of using current collectors even for highly conductive electrode materials.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oxygen-Controlled Electrocatalysis for Selective Dechlorination of 2-Chloro-5-Trichloromethyl Pyridine on Activated Ag Electrode 氧控制电催化在活化 Ag 电极上选择性脱氯 2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶

IF 3.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The Electrochemical Society Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad7534

Zhefei Zhao, Linlin Zhang, Minghao Chen, Ruopeng Yu, Xuyao Yao, Yinghua Xu, Youqun Chu, Xinbiao Mao and Huajun Zheng

{"title":"Oxygen-Controlled Electrocatalysis for Selective Dechlorination of 2-Chloro-5-Trichloromethyl Pyridine on Activated Ag Electrode","authors":"Zhefei Zhao, Linlin Zhang, Minghao Chen, Ruopeng Yu, Xuyao Yao, Yinghua Xu, Youqun Chu, Xinbiao Mao and Huajun Zheng","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad7534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7534","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical selective dechlorination can be regarded as one of the most promising strategies for generating high-valued chemicals. In the electrochemical dechlorination process of 2-chloro-5-trichloromethylpyridine (TCMP), except the anticipated dechlorination products involving 2-chloro-5-dichloromethylpyridine (DCMP), 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine (CCMP), and 2-chloro-5-methylpyridine (CMP), some unexpected oxygen-incorporated products (6-chloronicotinic acid (CNA) and 6-chloronicotinoyl methyl ester (MCN)) can be obtained. Consequently, understanding the electrochemical dechlorination behavior of TCMP is crucial. Our research revealed that the activated Ag electrodes in halide ion solution exhibit enhanced electrochemical activities for electrochemical dechlorination of TCMP, compared with the pure Ag owing to the increased active specific surface areas and charge transfer. Second, oxygen participation in the reaction is a necessary condition for the formation of oxygen-incorporated products. A 100% selectivity of oxygen-incorporated products can be obtained at the potential of −0.6 V vs Ag/AgCl. Conversely, insufficient oxygen may lead to the potential becoming the determining condition that affects the reaction pathways. A more negative potential (−1.2 V vs Ag/AgCl) is conducive to the formation of dechlorination products with 94.2% conversion and 100% selectivity. This study, for the first time, elucidates the electrocatalyst, atmosphere, and potential-dependent activity and selectivity for the two dechlorination pathways of TCMP.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Sodium Chloride and Potassium Fluoride on Electrochemical Properties of Aluminum Copper Interdigital Structures 氯化钠和氟化钾对铝铜互层结构电化学性质的影响

IF 3.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The Electrochemical Society Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad7406

D. Nienhues, L. Müller and M. Nowottnick

{"title":"Influence of Sodium Chloride and Potassium Fluoride on Electrochemical Properties of Aluminum Copper Interdigital Structures","authors":"D. Nienhues, L. Müller and M. Nowottnick","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad7406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7406","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates the electrochemical properties of aluminum (0.5 w%) copper alloy metallized test chip surfaces with interdigital structures and distances between 3 and 20 μm, regarding sodium chloride and potassium fluoride contamination in the range of 1011–1016 ions per cm2 at high humidity (85%) and high temperature (85 °C). These accelerated tests result in leakage currents and impedance values which show a significant change above a contamination limit value of 1014 ions per cm2 for both salts i.e., the leakage current starts to increase well above a few pico amperes, and the impedance decreases significantly. This contamination level can be seen as a turning point, after which devices can undergo for example signal shifts or corroded metal tracks over lifetime. But not only the start point of an increase in leakage current decides about the harmfulness of the contamination, other important influences are deliquescence and how high the leakage current gets at its maximum. Therefore, even with the same starting point, the risk evaluation is not the same for sodium chloride and potassium fluoride.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Fractional-Order Model with Mul-ti-Innovations Dual Cubature Kalman Filter Method 基于分数阶模型的锂离子电池电荷状态估计与多重创新双立方卡尔曼滤波法

IF 3.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The Electrochemical Society Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad75bb

Xin Li, Yangwanhao Song and Hengqi Ren

引用次数: 0

Low-Temperature Water Electrolysis Under a Sustained pH-Gradient for Electrochemically-Induced Decarbonation of Limestone into Hydrated Lime 在持续 pH 值梯度下进行低温水电解，电化学诱导石灰石脱碳成水合石灰

IF 3.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The Electrochemical Society Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad73a6

Rémy Rouxhet, Maxime Loudeche, Ronny Santoro and Joris Proost

{"title":"Low-Temperature Water Electrolysis Under a Sustained pH-Gradient for Electrochemically-Induced Decarbonation of Limestone into Hydrated Lime","authors":"Rémy Rouxhet, Maxime Loudeche, Ronny Santoro and Joris Proost","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad73a6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad73a6","url":null,"abstract":"Lime holds considerable potential in diverse environmental applications. However, its current production remains highly carbon-intensive, emitting more than one ton of CO2 per ton of lime. To address this issue, recent studies have explored the concept of electrifying the decarbonation of limestone to produce hydrated lime. In this work, a two-compartment electrolysis cell capable of producing Ca(OH)2 has been tested at different currents. Precise pH and Ca2+ concentration measurements demonstrate that the electrolysis setup is able to dissolve CaCO3 and precipitate Ca(OH)2 with near-perfect efficiencies. Notably, it highlights that Faraday’s law and the concept of transport number can be applied to predict both the equilibrium and kinetic behavior of each step of the process in each of the two cell compartments. Moreover, the use of controlled batch additions of CaCO3 in the system, as opposed to one-time excess addition, was assessed to mitigate the fouling of the cationic exchange membrane used to separate the compartments. Finally, based on the experimental findings, key guidelines are proposed to achieve a perfect reaction stoichiometry for each step. These findings pave the way for a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to lime production.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Framework Integrated with Flow Cell Experiments and Simulations for Understanding Etching in Chemical Conversion Treatments 与流池实验和模拟相结合的框架，用于了解化学转化处理中的蚀刻过程

IF 3.9 4区工程技术

Journal of The Electrochemical Society Pub Date : 2024-09-08 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad7408

Junam Kwon and Kenji Amaya

{"title":"Framework Integrated with Flow Cell Experiments and Simulations for Understanding Etching in Chemical Conversion Treatments","authors":"Junam Kwon and Kenji Amaya","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad7408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7408","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a new framework integrates simulations and flow cell experimentation to quantitatively understand the mechanism of chemical treatment reactions. Using this framework, the mechanisms of etching reactions induced by weak and strong acids were specifically investigated. A flow cell system experiment was developed for the etching experiment. Two acids (HNO3 and HF) were used, along with HNO3 without electrolytes. Average flow velocities were measured, and the molar flux of Fe2+ ions was determined by sampling the solution passing through the flow cell and measuring the iron content by using inductively coupled plasma. A concentration field simulation of the etching reaction in the flow cell was conducted. The concentration field within the boundary layer was visualized to understand the mechanism of H+ ion supply to the metal surface. In the case of weak acid solutions, H+ ions are primarily supplied by dissociation. In contrast, they were supplied by diffusion in strong acid solutions. A boundary layer formed within 100 μm from the metal surface. The experimental and simulated molar flux of Fe2+ ions were compared. The molar flux attributed to weak acid etching was more than 10 times that attributed to strong acids. The reaction rate constant of the H+ reduction reaction was evaluated through a parameter study. The influence of spectator ions on the etching process was investigated. An experiment was conducted to compare the etching of iron plates using HNO3 solutions with different concentrations of spectator ion. The results confirmed that the higher the concentration of the spectator ion, the greater the etching amount. Numerical analysis revealed that the electric field in the electric migration term acts in a direction that impedes the movement of H+ ions to the metal surface. While it is already known that electric migration inhibits electrode reactions, this study enabled its quantitative visualization and evaluation.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0