Journal of The Electrochemical Society最新文献

{"title":"PVDF Binder in All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries with NCM/Sulfide/PVDF Cathode, Oxide/PEO SE Layer, and Li-metal Anode","authors":"Byeong-Su Kang, Se-Hyeon Jeon, Sang-Jun Park, Young-Woong Song, Jinsub Lim, YoungSun Hong, Min-Young Kim and Ho-Sung Kim","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad75bd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad75bd","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfide-based solid electrolyte such as Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) is unstable in contact with Li metal electrode due to decomposing to by-product resulting in poor performance. Therefore, the introduction of an interlayer to suppress reactivity is essential. In this study, instead of an interlayer, an oxide/polymer composite electrolyte was applied to suppress side reactions, while a sulfide-based electrolyte was used at the cathode to improve interfacial control between the cathode and the electrolyte. All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASLBs) were prepared by applying sulfide-based solid electrolyte (argyrodite, Li6PS5Cl) including NCM424, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and Super-P in a composite cathode layer, and a composite solid electrolyte (CSE) layer by mixing an oxide-based solid electrolyte (garnet, Al-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO)), polymer (PEO, polyethylene oxide) and lithium metal as the anode. In this study, NCM424 powder was coated with LiNbO3 to prevent chemical reaction with the sulfide electrolyte. As the PVDF binder was applied to the cathode of the ASLB, the discharge capacity of the cell was approximately 163 mAh g−1 at 70 °C, 0.1 C, and 4.2 V cut-off and its capacity retention was 83% after 50 cycles. The effects of the PVDF were evaluated using both pouch-type cells. The capacity and cycle retention are greatly dependent on the PVDF content of the cathode materials and the drying temperature during the fabrication of the cathode. When the cathode with PVDF binder was dried at 130 °C, initial cycling was required for activation of the pouch cell, and it was possible to overcome this by adding a plasticizer. Highlights The composite cathode was prepared with LPSCl, NCM424, Super-P, and PVDF binder. The all-solid-state battery with the LPSCl composite cathode showed a discharge capacity of 163 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. The cycling performance of the battery was improved by improving the properties of the active material particles.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitride Lithium-ion Conductors with Enhanced Oxidative Stability","authors":"KyuJung Jun, Yihan Xiao, Wenhao Sun, Young-Woon Byeon, Haegyeom Kim and Gerbrand Ceder","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad76db","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad76db","url":null,"abstract":"It is desirable to develop solid electrolytes that have both excellent reductive stability against lithium metal and oxidative stability against high-voltage cathodes. However, no inorganic superionic conductors reported thus far satisfy these criteria. Nitrides exhibit intrinsically superior stability against reduction but are often readily oxidized at voltages as low as 0.6 V. In this article, we investigated all nitride-based compounds to search for materials with improved oxidative stabilities over 2.0 V while retaining their intrinsic stability against Li metal. We found two compounds, LiPN2 and Li2CN2, with high oxidative stability > 2.0 V and low vacancy migration energies. Using fine-tuned CHGNet machine-learning interatomic potential, we found that upon introducing aliovalent dopants to introduce vacancies in Li2CN2, the dopant and vacancy strongly anchor with each other to result in trapped vacancies, which lowers ionic conductivity. In contrast, vacancies and dopants have minimal interactions in LiPN2, resulting in a high ionic conductivity. These two compounds were synthesized, but their ionic conductivities were not successfully measured because of the challenges in densification. With improved processing conditions, these compounds may serve as anode-side separators in dual-separator-type all-solid-state batteries or anode buffer layer materials interfaced with lithium metal.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries While Accounting for Degradation and Cell-to-Cell Variability","authors":"Minsu Kim, Joachim Schaeffer, Marc D. Berliner, Berta Pedret Sagnier, Martin Z. Bazant, Rolf Findeisen and Richard D. Braatz","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad76dd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad76dd","url":null,"abstract":"Safety and maintaining high performance are key considerations during the operation of lithium-ion batteries. Battery degradation, in particular lithium plating and loss of active material, is often accelerated by fast charging. This study explores a strategy for the design of fast charging protocols that takes into account the influence of the variability between battery cells on factors that can impact degradation. We employ a non-intrusive polynomial chaos expansion to identify the key parameters for each degradation condition. We explore the reduction of battery degradation by adjusting constraints such as the maximum C-rate and voltage. Tight control of the key adjustable parameters contributes significantly to reducing the confidence interval of the degradation factors, allowing reduced charging time with minimal degradation. The application of our approach to two state-dependent fast charging protocols for a LiC6/LiCoO2 battery indicates the value in explicitly accounting for uncertainties when designing charging protocols that minimize degradation. Highlights A novel optimal charging strategy is proposed for reducing battery degradation The strategy explicitly takes probabilistic uncertainties into account The uncertainties are addressed by using a polynomial chaos expansion The strategy is used to design fast charging protocols for lithium-ion batteries The key parameters contributing to battery degradation are identified","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Investigations on All-Solid-State Polymer-Ceramic Sodium-Ion Batteries through a Spatially Resolved Electrochemical Model","authors":"F. Gerbig, A. Chauhan, S. Gietl and H. Nirschl","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad7763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7763","url":null,"abstract":"Rechargeable batteries are crucial in modern energy storage, with lithium-ion batteries dominating the market. However, the scarcity and environmental concerns associated with lithium have spurred interest in alternative battery chemistries, particularly sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), which utilize abundant sodium resources. Despite extensive experimental research on all-solid-state SIBs (ASSSIBs), theoretical investigations have primarily focused on molecular-level analyses, overlooking the impact of cell composition on overall performance. This paper aims to address this gap by developing a physical model for simulating ASSSIBs at the particle scale. Our methodology involves integrating experimental data with simulation results to identify key factors influencing battery performance. The study reveals slow sodium ion transport as a significant bottleneck, attributed to factors such as low porosity of the half-cell and limited electrolyte ionic conductivity. Simulation outcomes emphasize the importance of advancing fast-ion-conducting solid electrolytes to enhance ASSSIB performance. Moreover, the results suggest that electrodes with high electrolyte active filler content and reduced thickness are necessary for achieving optimal battery capacity utilization. Overall, this research underscores the intricate relationship between electrode microstructure and battery performance, offering valuable insights for the design and optimization of sustainable sodium-ion battery systems suitable for stationary and mobile applications.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Problematic Phase Transformations in Pb Foil Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Jia Zhang, Tianye Zheng, Xiaoyang Guo, Hung Quoc Nguyen, Ka-wai Eric Cheng, Kwok-Ho Lam, Daniel Rettenwander, Wei Jin and Steven T. Boles","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad76e0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad76e0","url":null,"abstract":"Group IVA elements have aroused attention in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their Na-storage capability. Among them, Pb is less explored perhaps due to its perceived risks, but its long-standing success in Pb-acid batteries should not be neglected. Together with the well-established recycling procedures, the merits of Pb warrant further investigations as a practical SIB anode. In this work, four intermetallic phases are detected during electrochemical sodiation of Pb, which yields a capacity of ∼460 mAh·g−1 (∼1167 mAh·cm−3) upon the formation of Na15Pb4. When pursuing full capacities, the electrode stops functioning after only 3–4 cycles largely due to electrode physical damage. The reversibility of each phase transformation pair is then assessed to explore the origins of capacity fading. The NaPb/Na9Pb4 transformation shows the worst stability, consistent with the observed structural damage (e.g., cracks and voids). Through bypassing the problematic phase transformations using a partial cycling protocol, the stability of Pb foil anodes is improved, giving 20 cycles with 85% capacity retention. Considering other factors are unoptimized, it is suggested that the Pb-based anodes should not be fully eliminated from the future roadmap of SIBs, as the prospective merits can create value to ensure the management of such materials of concern.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of Dendrite Growth in Zinc-iodide Flow Battery with Tröger’s Base Anion Exchange Membrane","authors":"Devendra Y. Nikumbe, Priyanka P. Bavdane, Dimple Bora, Vidhiben Dave, Bhavana Bhatt and Rajaram K. Nagarale","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad75bf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad75bf","url":null,"abstract":"Tröger’s base anion exchange membrane (TB-AEM) was readily prepared by condensation polymerization of biphenyl diamine and dimethoxymethane in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid followed by quaternization with methyl iodide. The film cast from N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent displayed good mechanical strength, a tensile modulus of 1.18 GPa with elongation at break of 17%, and a glass transition temperature (Tg) at 248 °C. It exhibited OH− ion conductivity of 108 mS cm−1 by impedance measurement at 80 °C in 1M KOH. The membrane exhibited good affinity toward I2, resulting in the formation of I2Br− ions in the membrane matrix. Over 300 charge/discharge cycles at a 50 mA cm−2 current density, the battery exhibited 95.5% Coulombic efficiency (CE), 76.4% voltage efficiency (VE), and 74.0% energy efficiency (EE) and delivered a capacity of 24.8 Ah L−1. Over a span of 60 h, the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of the cell remained constant at 1.2 V. Collectively, our findings suggest that the anion exchange membrane's charge and porosity tuning are key factors in the design of new generation separators for zinc-iodide flow batteries. Highlights Tröger’s base anion exchange membrane for ZnI2 redox flow battery. Dendrite Mitigation: Achieved through the formation of I2Br− complex. Cycle Stability: Demonstrated stable performance over 300 charge/discharge cycles, with: 95.5% CE), 76.4%, and 74.0% EE, and delivered a capacity of 24.8 Ah L−1. Open-Circuit Voltage: Maintained constant at 1.2 V for 60 h.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic Equilibrium between Non-Stoichiometric Na-β-Alumina and α-Alumina","authors":"Helfried Näfe and Yude Wang","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad6ebb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad6ebb","url":null,"abstract":"A solid-state electrochemical technique based on a potentiometric oxygen concentration cell has been used to characterize the thermodynamic stability of the phase mixture α-Al2O3 + Na-β-Al2O3 by determining its Na2O activity. In combination with phase analysis based on Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns the magnitude and variability of the stoichiometric composition of the β-phase have been quantified. Upon variation of the Na2O content of the phase mixture, the Na2O activity resulting from the α/β-equilibrium has proved to be stable because both phases are readily inter-convertible. This behaviour guarantees that the material is eminently suitable as a stable sodium electrode, while simultaneously functioning as a sodium-ion conducting solid electrolyte. The temperature dependence of the logarithm of the Na2O activity has been found to be two-part. This is in line with the trend of the majority of critically assessed literature data thus demonstrating that former apprehension about the prevalence of a possible methodical flaw due to electronic conduction was unsubstantiated. As a conclusion, the knowledge about electronic conduction through Na-β-Al2O3 is advanced. The findings are the prerequisite for putting a straightforward solid-state CO2 sensor and sodium ion battery into practice.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2- tolerant CuFe2O4 as Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Transition from Rechargeable Li-O2 to Li-CO2 Batteries","authors":"Sharafudeen Pamangadan C., Snehangshu Patra and Elumalai Perumal","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad76e1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad76e1","url":null,"abstract":"CO2-tolerant rechargeable Lithium-Air batteries are seen as a high-performing alternative to Li-ion batteries. They utilize O2 from the air, reducing it at the cathode to form lithium peroxide (Li2O2) during discharge which is then oxidized to form lithium-metal and freeing O2 during charging. Most of the present studies involve pure O2 as the cathode material instead of aerial O2, which has a stiff-challenge due to atmospheric CO2 which produces Li2CO3 during discharge, posing a resistive load on the battery if not re-oxidized on charging. Ideally, presence of CO2 should enhance the charge-storage capacity if it is cycled reversibly. Thus, present research aims at taking advantage of both O2 and CO2 by employing metallic Cu on CuFe2O4 catalyst, synthesized from a one-step auto-combustion route. The Cu metal present in the catalyst leads to a low surface-area, yet the catalyst demonstrates excellent oxygen reduction reaction and moderate oxygen evolution reaction activity. excellent CO2 reduction reaction activity, oxidizing both the Li2O2 and the Li2CO3 during charge in both 10% CO2 and 100% CO2 atmospheres. The fabricated Li-CO2 battery operates for practical application, suggesting the suitability of the catalyst for the transition from practical Li-O2 battery to Li-Air battery.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review—Principles and Applications of Electrochemical Polishing","authors":"Yanqiu Xu, Yachun Mao, Muhammad Hammad Ijaz, Mohamed E. Ibrahim, Shiru Le, Fang Wang, Jie Jiang, Dazhao Chi, Maozhong An, Shuhuan Song, Yuhui Huang and Yuhan Zhang","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad75bc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad75bc","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical machining (ECM) is an efficient and precise manufacturing technology with broad prospects for numerous applications. As a subset of electrochemical machining, electrochemical polishing (ECP) is an advanced surface finishing method that utilizes electrochemical principles to produce smooth and reflective surfaces on various materials, particularly metals. This process is distinguished by its ability to refine surfaces without causing scratches or other forms of mechanical damage, thereby providing a significant advantage over traditional mechanical polishing techniques. The high processing efficiency of ECP renders it particularly suitable for industries that demand large-scale production and high-quality surface finishes. This work reviews the fundamental aspects of ECP, comparing three mechanisms: viscous film theory, salt film theory, and enhanced oxidation–dissolution equilibrium theory. Furthermore, it examines the factors influencing the effectiveness of ECP, including electrolyte composition, temperature, electropolishing time, voltage, and current. Applications of ECP in stainless steel, copper, nickel, and tungsten are also explored, along with a summary of its integration with advanced technologies. Finally, perspectives on the future development of ECP are discussed.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bifunctional Carbon-LiNO3 Composite Interlayer for Stable Lithium Metal Powder Electrodes as High Energy Density Anode Material in Lithium Batteries","authors":"Carlos Tafara Mpupuni, Orynbassar Mukhan, Ji-Su Yun and Sung-Soo Kim","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad7295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7295","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium metal remains a promising candidate for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries due to its exceptional specific capacity and low reduction potential. However, practical implementation of lithium metal anodes faces challenges such as dendrite formation, limited cycle life, and safety concerns. This study introduces a novel approach to enhance the performance of lithium metal powder (LMP)-based electrodes by embedding a LiNO3-carbon composite interlayer between the LMP electrode and the copper foil current collector. The N-rich carbon interlayer acts as a reservoir for LiNO3, enabling its gradual release to maintain prolonged stability of the interfacial reactions of the Li-metal and providing additional Li nucleation sites. Our findings demonstrate that the LiNO3-carbon composite effectively suppresses dendrite formation, improves reversible capacity, and stabilizes the solid electrolyte interphase. Additionally, we validated the fast-charging capabilities of the Li/NCM622 half-cell employing the LiNO3-carbon-coated Cu foil with LMP electrodes. Our results highlight the significant synergistic effect of the LiNO3 additive and carbon interlayer in enhancing the performance of lithium metal-based batteries.","PeriodicalId":17364,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}