Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Protecting Amazon's Indigenous lands: a multidisciplinary approach","authors":"Celso AG Santos, Carlos AC dos Santos, Helenilza FA Cunha, Alan C da Cunha, Skye Hellenkamp, Richarde M da Silva","doi":"10.1002/fee.2796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2796","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Within Indigenous territories in the Amazon—particularly in a >5 million square kilometer area collectively known as the Legal Amazon or Amazônia Legal, where more than half of the Brazilian Indigenous population resides—deforestation and wildfires pose major threats to biodiversity and the cultural survival of native peoples (Vieira and da Silva <span>2024</span>). Illegal activities such as logging and mineral extraction, which are often driven by economic interests that disregard the legally guaranteed territorial rights of Indigenous communities, exacerbate these threats and thereby further adversely impact biodiversity and the cultural integrity of native peoples in the region. Environmental degradation not only impairs the traditional lifestyles of these communities but also intensifies global, regional, and local drivers contributing to climate change (Soares-Filho <i>et al</i>. <span>2010</span>; Estrada <i>et al</i>. <span>2022</span>).</p><p>Climate extremes in the Amazon have amplified in frequency and intensity, and the risks to Indigenous populations and environments have concurrently expanded. Given this complex picture of dynamic physical changes interacting with diverse social dimensions over time, forecasting the potentially exacerbated risk of climate-related disasters becomes an important scientific challenge (Antunes <i>et al</i>. <span>2016</span>; de Souza <i>et al</i>. <span>2024</span>). The region's vulnerability to extreme climatic conditions and human disturbances, such as deforestation and wildfires, remains poorly understood despite increased research efforts. This knowledge gap presents substantial risks, compounded by hydrological stress that disrupts plant physiological processes and regional climate dynamics. Of the wildfires that impacted Indigenous communities in Brazil from 2001 to 2023, 75% occurred within the states of Amazonas, Tocantins, Mato Grosso, and Pará, with corresponding increases in burned areas and deforestation rates of 75% and 45%, respectively, primarily between 2010 and 2020 (da Silva <i>et al</i>. <span>2023</span>). In addition, a decline in rainfall during this 22-year period further impacted the Amazon's hydrological cycle, critical to maintaining continental climate stability (Nobre <i>et al</i>. <span>2016</span>; Santos <i>et al</i>. <span>2024</span>). Recent droughts have highlighted the system's fragility, underscoring the urgent need for comprehensive assessments of its resilience to anthropogenic climate change to prevent or mitigate catastrophic losses of ecosystem services such as the provision of food and fresh water (Ottoni <i>et al</i>. <span>2023</span>).</p><p>Addressing these challenges requires sophisticated and localized strategies that account for the Amazon's ecological heterogeneity. Immediate and coordinated governmental actions are crucial, particularly in collaboration with Indigenous territories. Establishing effective monitoring systems in partnership with I","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.2796","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Science in a changing world","authors":"Juli G Pausas","doi":"10.1002/fee.2797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2797","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Science aims not only to describe the universe but also to make predictions, allowing us to react accordingly and improve our quality of life. Over recent decades, scientists have meticulously recorded and described climate patterns and processes worldwide. Predictions regarding climate change in response to anthropogenic factors, such as atmospheric greenhouse-gas emissions, were initially made long ago (<i>Q J Roy Meteor Soc</i> 1938; <i>Nature</i> 1972; <i>Science</i> 1975) and have been continually refined through successive studies and reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Presented in a plethora of international conferences, these predictions were reasonably close to current observations. However, humanity has largely disregarded these predictions, and as a result, science has not fully served one of its purposes. Thus, the current widespread occurrence of droughts, heatwaves, and intense wildfires should come as no surprise—in fact, it can be argued that these are outcomes that humanity has collectively chosen. Despite some uncertainties, including local-scale processes and societal reactions, the climate will continue to change in the short term.</p><p>For different parts of the world and for different branches of the tree of life, scientists have also been predicting the ecological consequences of ignoring those climate predictions. Given that humans have changed the climate, the distribution and structure of biota must also change, and given the rate of change, this implies a loss of biodiversity. Aiming to preserve 20th-century ecosystems within a 21st-century climate is naive. Examples of shifts in ecosystem structure, function, and biodiversity caused by droughts, warming temperatures, and changes in fire regimes are accumulating, and many more shifts are yet to come; indeed, studies of such phenomena are likely to overwhelm ecological research in the coming years. Relentless climate change, together with other anthropogenic impacts such as pollution, land-use change, and non-native invasive species, is shifting the biodiversity baseline to a new normal. Ecological restoration no longer requires looking at the past (reference ecosystems) but rather focusing on sustainability under the predicted future (novel ecosystems and no-analog communities).</p><p>Self-interest and social inertia across the entire human population, along with purposeful misinformation by major social actors like fossil-fuel companies (<i>Science</i> 2023), have led to the so-called “tragedy of the commons” prevailing over scientific evidence. Improving our predictive ability (one of the objectives of science) does not seem to be a priority anymore as it is not a limiting factor. Ecologists continue to monitor the changes (for example, scientists as “insectometers”; <i>P Natl Acad Sci USA</i> 2021). In so doing, we certainly learn about how the biosphere and biodiversity are functioning, but we are witnessing a vanishing world that has—up","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.2797","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of environmental DNA toward fungal Red Listing","authors":"Ovidiu Copoț,&nbsp;Asko Lõhmus,&nbsp;Kessy Abarenkov,&nbsp;Leho Tedersoo,&nbsp;Kadri Runnel","doi":"10.1002/fee.2791","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.2791","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In navigating the biodiversity crisis, a major uncertainty is the conservation status of inconspicuous, yet megadiverse and functionally crucial, soil organisms. Massive datasets on soil biota are accumulating through molecular sampling approaches, but to date these datasets have provided only limited input into conservation planning and management. We investigated how environmental DNA (eDNA) data of soil macrofungi contribute to regional Red List assessments, which are currently based on fruiting bodies (hereafter, fruit-bodies). In our test region of Estonia (northern Europe), which contained ~15,000 fruit-body records for 1583 assessed species, an average soil sample increased the range estimates of Threatened and Near Threatened fungal species by 0.18%. Five hundred soil samples almost doubled their known localities and added 19% previously unrecorded species. However, even after accumulating &gt;1000 soil samples, about half of the Threatened and Near Threatened species known by fruit-bodies remained undetected through eDNA techniques. Effective conservation assessment of soil fungi thus requires both fruit-body and eDNA data; therefore, special efforts are needed to make these data available to conservationists.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.2791","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern building structures are a landscape‐level driver of bat–human exposure risk in Kenya","authors":"Tamika J Lunn, Reilly T Jackson, Paul W Webala, Joseph G Ogola, Kristian M Forbes","doi":"10.1002/fee.2795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2795","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying the locations and drivers of high‐risk interfaces between humans and wildlife is crucial for managing zoonotic disease risk. We suggest that continent‐wide improvements to residential housing in Africa are inadvertently creating artificial roosting habitat for synanthropic free‐tailed bats (family Molossidae), and that improved buildings are a rapidly accelerating exposure interface that needs urgent research attention and investment. Along a residential gradient in rural southern Kenya, we mapped building use by free‐tailed bats in 1109 buildings. We show that bats often roost in human‐occupied buildings, with almost one‐in‐ten buildings exhibiting evidence of bat occupation (9.2%) and one‐in‐13 found to contain active bat roosts (7.6%). We identified modern‐build styles and triangular roofing as building‐level predictors of bat occupation, and the proportion of modern buildings as a landscape‐level predictor of bat occupancy. Humane preemptive exclusion of bats (by sealing bat entry points to buildings) and restoration of natural roosting habitats should be prioritized as One Health land‐use planning strategies in rural Africa.","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can 30 × 30 targets stop island extinctions?","authors":"Tyrone H Lavery,&nbsp;Steve Cranwell,&nbsp;George Tauika,&nbsp;David Lindenmayer","doi":"10.1002/fee.2790","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.2790","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementary bird feeding as an overlooked contribution to local phosphorus cycles","authors":"Andrew J Abraham,&nbsp;Christopher E Doughty,&nbsp;Kate E Plummer,&nbsp;Ethan S Duvall","doi":"10.1002/fee.2793","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.2793","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Supplementary feeding of garden birds and gamebirds is a common practice worldwide. Bird feed is rich in phosphorus (P), which plays a key role in animal health and ecosystem function. However, much of the P in bird feed originates from mined rock deposits, which is then transported thousands of kilometers to feeder stations, where it represents an external source of nutrients for recipient ecosystems. Here, we demonstrate that diffusion of P by birds and other animals from feeder stations to ecosystems can represent a nontrivial contribution to local biogeochemical cycles. Using the UK as a case study, we show that supplementary bird feeding supplies 2.4 (range: 1.9–3.0) gigagrams of P per year across the UK, a flux similar in magnitude to atmospheric deposition. Phosphorus provided to garden birds alone is equal to that supplied through the application of garden fertilizers. In natural and semi-natural ecosystems, additional feeder-derived P inputs may exacerbate eutrophication at the local scale and adversely impact biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.2793","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring ecosystem services with essential ecosystem service variables","authors":"Amanda M Schwantes,&nbsp;Carina Rauen Firkowski,&nbsp;Flavio Affinito,&nbsp;Peter S Rodriguez,&nbsp;Marie-Josée Fortin,&nbsp;Andrew Gonzalez","doi":"10.1002/fee.2792","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.2792","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the Anthropocene, ecosystems are changing along with their capacity to support human well-being. Monitoring ecosystem services (ESs) is required to assess the changing state of human–nature interactions. To standardize the monitoring of multiple facets of ESs, the Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON) recently proposed the essential ecosystem service variables (EESVs), which are organized into six classes: <i>Ecological Supply</i>, <i>Use</i>, <i>Demand</i>, <i>Anthropogenic Contribution</i>, <i>Instrumental Value</i>, and <i>Relational Value</i>. We apply the EESV framework to three case studies in British Columbia, Canada, each targeting a single ES. Using trend and intervention analysis, we show how EESVs are changing and affected by policy. We discuss key challenges and solutions while providing guidance on how to quantify EESVs. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of EESVs to harmonize metrics across conceptual frameworks, monitor ES change, and provide decision support to assess progress under various international policy conventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.2792","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species control for managing thermal guild interactions in warming food webs","authors":"Lauren Jarvis,&nbsp;Bailey C McMeans,&nbsp;Cindy Chu,&nbsp;Tyler D Tunney","doi":"10.1002/fee.2794","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.2794","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To promote sustainable fisheries under climate change, fisheries managers must apply appropriate adaptation measures. However, little is known about how species interactions shift with climate change and the potential effectiveness of such adaptation measures. Here, we modeled the application of a species control measure in a lake ecosystem using a temperature-dependent food-web model containing different thermal guilds. A warm-adapted predator (bass, <i>Micropterus</i> spp) was removed to locally mitigate undesirable effects of climate warming on a cool-adapted species (walleye, <i>Sander vitreus</i>). Nevertheless, a warming-induced thermally mediated trophic cascade can lead to expected and unexpected outcomes, with bass removal depending on food-web linkages. With low levels of bass predation on juvenile walleye, walleye persist in warmer temperatures when bass are present (not controlled) than when bass are absent (controlled). Therefore, we encourage managers to use caution and consider various scenarios of food-web changes, to determine when species control may be effective for climate adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.2794","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's the point of peer review?","authors":"Gavin M Jones","doi":"10.1002/fee.2785","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.2785","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;If there is one common experience shared by all scientists, regardless of subdiscipline, it is the gauntlet of peer review. We all know the painful experience of rejection, the frustration of acquiescing to reviewers’ demands, and the many months that can sometimes elapse between the submission of and first decision on a paper. But for many, it is the peer-review process that adds the necessary ingredient of rigor—the stamp of approval—to science. For instance, science journalists primarily cover peer-reviewed studies, and the court systems consider peer-reviewed science to be the gold standard in environmental and conservation-related cases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I have always thought that peer review acted as the primary filter excluding the most egregious error-laden and misguided science from entering the canon of scientific literature. But think about it—how often have you tossed out a paper of yours because it was rejected after peer review? How often have you, after making minimal changes, or no changes at all, re-submitted to another journal hoping for a “better” draw of peer reviewers? Perhaps several decades ago, when all journals were print-only and page space and the number of journal options were limited, the situation really was “make the changes or bust”. But with the remarkable proliferation of journals that now exist in every subdiscipline, every paper can find a home. According to Scopus, there are at least 550 indexed journals in the environmental science subcategory of “ecology”, and that number is growing. After each rejection, you could quite literally re-submit the same paper every few months to a new journal for the rest of your career, and know that you'll get a bite at some point.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The problem of poor-quality science in the literature is worsened by the exponentially growing sector of “predatory” or “pay-to-publish” outlets. These outlets’ journals, which often spam prospective authors with urgent messages asking for a rapid submission, will publish papers with little to no peer-review oversight, and for a fee. Much has been written about this seedy underbelly of academic publishing, and “sting” operations have revealed how little these outlets care about the content in their journals. One of my favorite examples occurred in 2020 when Dr. Dan Baldassarre, a behavioral ecologist at the State University of New York-Oswego, submitted a spoof paper titled “What's the Deal with Birds?” to a suspected predatory journal, the &lt;i&gt;Scientific Journal of Research and Reviews&lt;/i&gt;. To the delight of Dr. Baldassarre's followers on social media, the paper was accepted, published within only seven days of its initial submission (!) if the metadata are to be believed, and still stands as one of the greatest publishing punk-jobs in science. Sometimes we have to laugh so that we don't cry; and while this example still makes me chuckle, the problems in publishing do not.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;If we cannot trust journals at the “fringe”, then perhaps we can place mo","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.2785","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141883231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new and unexpected survivor of Aristolochia toxicity?","authors":"Joelcio Freitas,&nbsp;Elton John de Lírio,&nbsp;Favio González,&nbsp;Anderson Alves-Araújo","doi":"10.1002/fee.2786","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.2786","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141883232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}