Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Canid competition for Arctic fox dens on the tundra","authors":"Sean M Johnson-Bice,&nbsp;Chloé Warret Rodrigues,&nbsp;James D Roth","doi":"10.1002/fee.2706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2706","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Natal dens can be a limiting resource for canids on the Arctic tundra, as frozen ground inhibits easy burrow excavation during the spring. Near Churchill, Canada, tundra dens created by Arctic foxes (<i>Vulpes lagopus</i>) have transformed into ecological hotspots (<i>Sci Rep</i> 2016; doi.org/10.1038/srep24020). However, while monitoring these dens for many years, we have observed that both red foxes (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>) and gray wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) are also competing for these sites.</p><p>In spring 2021, one den became the site of a fierce canid competition. The den figuratively switched “paws” between both fox species, first being occupied by a pair of red foxes from March through mid-April, then by a pair of Arctic foxes in May. But the return of a red fox in early June led to antagonism between the two fox species, pictured here. Simultaneously, during the volatile period of occupation by one or the other fox species, wolves regularly visited this den, with at least seven visits documented from mid-May to mid-June. On the day that the wolf photograph was captured, all three canid species were observed on camera at the same den within 6 hours of each other. Eventually, the red fox was the last observed canid using the den, despite aggressive defenses from the Arctic fox pair.</p><p>Arctic fox abundance in this area has declined steadily for several decades, largely due to climate-induced changes in prey availability and abundance (<i>Oecologia</i> 2023; doi.org/10.1007/s00442-023-05418-6). As climate change progresses, what will be the long-term fate of these Arctic fox–created hotspots? Antagonistic interactions like those pictured here may foreshadow a slow turnover of Arctic fox dens toward occupation by larger, more dominant competitors typically associated with patches of boreal forest at the low-Arctic tundra border.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.2706","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139676418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The highest butterfly in North America","authors":"Zachary G MacDonald,&nbsp;Thomas Gillespie,&nbsp;H Bradley Shaffer","doi":"10.1002/fee.2707","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.2707","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the expansive old-growth forests of California's Sierra Nevada, its greatest diversity of butterflies is found in non-forested habitats, such as alpine meadows and fell-fields. These unique “sky island” habitats support a number of endemic butterflies, such as the Ivallda Arctic (<i>Oeneis chryxus ivallda</i>). Unlike other, more colorful butterflies in the region, the dark, cryptic coloration of <i>O c ivallda</i> is hypothesized to aid in both thermoregulation and camouflage in the relatively cool, rocky environments they inhabit. Faced with warming temperatures, some alpine butterfly populations may track their climatic niche and stay ahead of advancing treelines by moving up mountain slopes. However, many <i>O c ivallda</i> populations already occur at or near mountain summits, limiting their potential for elevational shifts. On 2 July 2022, we observed a previously unrecorded <i>O c ivallda</i> population at the summit of Mount Whitney (4421 m). Popular data repositories (eg GBIF and iNaturalist) confirmed that no other butterflies have been observed here. Mount Whitney is the highest mountain in the conterminous US, and all higher summits in Canada and Alaska are—at least for the moment—permanently snow- or glacier-covered, unsuitable for butterfly occupancy. This observation therefore marks what we believe is the highest extant butterfly population in North America. Of the 12 <i>O c ivallda</i> individuals observed during a one-hour survey, three were collected for whole-genome resequencing as part of the California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP; https://www.ccgproject.org/). Two individuals are pictured, one from the summit of Mount Whitney (above) and the other from the summit of Mount Dana (3981 m; below), approximately 170 km to the northwest of Whitney. In light of this observation, alpine butterflies in the Sierra Nevada are clearly exhausting their potential for elevational shifts in the face of warming temperatures. Preventing extinction may require proactive conservation practices, such as translocation and even assisted migration. Detailed population genomic data, such as those produced by the CCGP, will help inform these efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.2707","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139656121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incomplete albinism in the Eurasian eagle owl","authors":"Mario León-Ortega,&nbsp;José A Lacalle,&nbsp;Antonio Zamora-López,&nbsp;José M Zamora-Marín","doi":"10.1002/fee.2708","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.2708","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.2708","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139656686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keratinophagy and the horn moth's curious protuberances","authors":"Sam Zeveloff,&nbsp;John Mull","doi":"10.1002/fee.2709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2709","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This Cape buffalo (<i>Syncerus caffer</i>) skull was found in Kruger National Park, South Africa. The distinctive projections on its horns are tubes made of silk and frass (excrement) created by larvae of the horn moth <i>Ceratophaga vastella</i> (family Tineidae).</p><p>An adult moth oviposits on the horn, perhaps placing its eggs in small cracks or holes on the horn's outer surface. Upon hatching, a larva begins to consume the horn, incorporating its frass into an enveloping tube. Eventually, the larva will pupate inside the tube, from which it will later emerge as an adult. Tubes with closed ends are occupied by individual larvae or pupae, while tubes with open ends are unoccupied. The exuviae (casts) of previously emerged moths might be seen protruding from a subset of the open-ended tubes.</p><p>Keratinophagy, the consumption of keratin as a substantial portion of the diet, is rare (<i>New Zeal J Zool</i> 2002; doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2002.9518285). <i>Ceratophaga</i> are the only tineids that feed exclusively on keratin. The tubes may protect subadults from predators and the physical environment. It would be interesting to learn how the larvae—inside their respective tubes—maintain their water balance, and what role the tubes play in that process. Because keratin is nitrogen-rich, horn consumption and processing by larvae could have important implications for nitrogen cycling and soil microbe communities at local scales.</p><p>These tubes have been documented on the horns of other bovids, such as the kob antelope (<i>Kobus kob</i>). Nevertheless, the output from an online image search suggests that there is a strong preference for horns of the Cape buffalo. If there is indeed such a predilection, might it be due to the relative thickness of the buffalo's horn sheath? Both the number of tubes per horn and the length of individual tubes vary, though the reasons for such differences are not understood. Relatedly, we have not found evidence of these larvae feeding on the keratin in hooves. Many questions arise in trying to understand these moths and their curious tubes.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.2709","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139676430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating conservation units using network analysis: a sea duck case study","authors":"Juliet S Lamb,&nbsp;Clara Cooper-Mullin,&nbsp;Scott G Gilliland,&nbsp;Alicia M Berlin,&nbsp;Timothy D Bowman,&nbsp;W Sean Boyd,&nbsp;Susan EW De La Cruz,&nbsp;Daniel Esler,&nbsp;Joseph R Evenson,&nbsp;Paul Flint,&nbsp;Christine Lepage,&nbsp;Dustin E Meattey,&nbsp;Jason E Osenkowski,&nbsp;Peter WC Paton,&nbsp;Matthew C Perry,&nbsp;Dan Rosenberg,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre L Savard,&nbsp;Lucas Savoy,&nbsp;Jason Schamber,&nbsp;David H Ward,&nbsp;John Y Takekawa,&nbsp;Scott R McWilliams","doi":"10.1002/fee.2648","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.2648","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conserving migratory wildlife requires understanding how groups of individuals interact across seasons and landscapes. Telemetry reveals individual movements at large spatiotemporal scales; however, using movement data to define conservation units requires scaling up from individual movements to species- and community-level patterns. We developed a framework to define flyways and identify important sites from telemetry data and applied it to long-term, range-wide tracking data from three species (640 individuals) of sea ducks: namely, North American scoters (<i>Melanitta</i> spp). Our network of 88 nodes included both multispecies hotspots and areas uniquely important to individual species. We found limited spatial overlap between scoters wintering on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North America, with differing connectivity patterns between coasts. Finally, we identified four multispecies conservation units that did not correspond to traditional management flyways. From this approach, we show how individual movements can be used to quantify range-wide connectivity of migratory species and reveal gaps in conservation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139408808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual conferences improve inclusion in science","authors":"Alicia J Foxx,&nbsp;Adebola Adeniran","doi":"10.1002/fee.2699","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.2699","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How climate-change awareness can provoke physical symptoms","authors":"Victor Pitron,&nbsp;Michael Witthöft,&nbsp;Cédric Lemogne,&nbsp;Damien Léger,&nbsp;Susan Clayton,&nbsp;Omer Van den Bergh","doi":"10.1002/fee.2700","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.2700","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The agency of urban carnivores in human politics: leopards in Mumbai, India","authors":"Émilie Edelblutte,&nbsp;Anne G Short Gianotti,&nbsp;Yanni Gunnell","doi":"10.1002/fee.2702","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.2702","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Across the world, increasing urbanization is leading to more frequent encounters between humans and wildlife. The resulting cohabitation promotes new human–wildlife dynamics in cities and requires innovative approaches for coping with wildlife in habitats that are not conventionally considered as suitable. Here we examined how leopards (<i>Panthera pardus</i>) acclimate to the urban environment in Mumbai, India, and influence human politics through their presence, adaptability, and diverse relationships with humans and nonhumans. Building on perspectives from political ecology and more-than-human geography, we show how leopards may thwart the outcomes of wildlife conservation and management and also catalyze transitions toward approaches that foster coexistence. We reveal the political role that leopards play in Mumbai by examining the many ways in which they influence power dynamics among humans. Our analysis illustrates how including considerations about the political agency of wildlife in urban planning can improve nature conservation and social policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139408379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air pollution: a threat to insect pollination","authors":"Laura Duque,&nbsp;Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter","doi":"10.1002/fee.2701","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.2701","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Entomophilous plants rely on insects for pollination and consequently for reproduction. However, insect pollinators are facing multiple human-driven pressures, from climate change to habitat loss to increased pesticide application. Anthropogenic activities have also led to critical increases in air pollution. A recent body of research focusing on the effects of air pollution on plant–pollinator interactions shows that air pollution might join the list of factors threatening insect pollination. Here, we examine the ways in which air pollution is thought to influence insect pollination, from potential mismatches between flowering and pollinator activity, to changes in pollinator attraction to flowers, to extensions in foraging periods. We consider the implications of these changes for plant reproduction and pollinator fitness and discuss how air pollutants are imperiling plant and pollinator communities. Finally, we define the questions that need to be addressed to better understand the impact of air pollution as a major driver of global change.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.2701","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139408532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How has the concept of resilience been applied in research across forest regions?","authors":"Mary K Strickland,&nbsp;Michael A Jenkins,&nbsp;Zhao Ma,&nbsp;Bryan D Murray","doi":"10.1002/fee.2703","DOIUrl":"10.1002/fee.2703","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There are three common conceptualizations of resilience: persistence, recovery, and adaptability. While researchers apply all three in studies of forest ecosystems, the conceptualization used can have important empirical implications. We conducted a systematic literature review of empirical studies of forest resilience in the US from 2010 to 2020 to determine how researchers conceptualized, measured, and reflected the concept of resilience in reporting and interpreting their results. We determined that most studies defined resilience as recovery to the original state post-disturbance, focused on the state of individual species within the ecosystem rather than the state of the ecosystem itself, and measured the impacts of a single disturbance rather than impacts of multiple disturbances. As climate change and other stressors exacerbate impacts to ecosystems, it is important to move beyond the persistence of or recovery to the original state as the goal for resilient ecosystems and to focus instead on maintaining ecosystem functions and enhancing their adaptability.</p>","PeriodicalId":171,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fee.2703","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139415401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}