Journal of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Towards regenerating a fully integrated myocardium: The role of chemical growth factor cocktails in substituting neural stimuli as a novel feat in regenerative medicine.","authors":"","doi":"10.46582/jsrm.1701001","DOIUrl":"10.46582/jsrm.1701001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8372413/pdf/jsrm_17_01.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39344406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee with Active Control.","authors":"Joseph J Ruane,&nbsp;Andrew Ross,&nbsp;Victoria Zigmont,&nbsp;Deanna McClure,&nbsp;Gregg Gascon","doi":"10.46582/jsrm.1701002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46582/jsrm.1701002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Osteoarthritis is most prevalent in the knee and drives the growing incidence of total knee arthroplasty. There is a need to explore non-surgical treatment options to increase the portfolio of alternatives available. The study aimed to determine the clinical response to an autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) intra-articular injection compared to an active comparator. <b>Methods</b>: The study was a prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled pilot study. Participants with diagnosed knee osteoarthritis were allocated to one of two treatment groups to receive a BMAC injection immediately followed by a PRP injection or a single injection of Gel-One® crosslinked hyaluronate (HA). Outcomes were assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment. <b>Results</b>: Significant improvements were observed in both treatment groups for all Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales with the exception of the symptoms assessment at 12 months in the HA group. BMAC KOOS scores peaked at 12 months, while HA KOOS scores generally peaked at 6 months. The gap in mean scores at 12 months in favor of the BMAC group did not reach statistical significance. Secondary outcomes included a greater reduction in pain at 12 months in the BMAC group (-3.13 points; 95% CI: -3.96, -3.29) compared to the HA group (-1.56 points; 95% CI: -2.59, -0.53; p= 0.02) via the numeric pain rating scale. <b>Conclusions</b>: Results demonstrate that both treatment groups experienced clinically and statistically significant improvement across the KOOS subscales. While BMAC has shown promise in the treatment of knee OA, there is a need for multi-center investigations with larger sample sizes, an extended follow-up, and placebo-based control. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02958267.</p>","PeriodicalId":17155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"3-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8372416/pdf/jsrm_17_03.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39344862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I. How can you choose the fate of iPSCs and stem cells, Regeneration or Carcinogenesis? A hypothetical insight.: II. Modelling human beta cell development with pluripotent stem cells.","authors":"Masaharu Seno,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Nostro","doi":"10.46582/jsrm.1602013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46582/jsrm.1602013","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is nowadays taken granted that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are available for the regeneration therapy since iPSCs differentiate into any kind of phenotypes. If iPSCs can choose their fate in every way of differentiation why they do not choose cancer phenotype. As a body develops for one fertilized egg, embryonic stem cell must choose every phenotype of tissues such as blood, neuron, lung, liver, pancreas and so on depending on the stages. And sometimes the cells get cancer. So do iPSCs because iPSCs are almost equivalent to embryonic cells. Then how can the safety of the regeneration therapy be maintained with iPSCs? When inducing the differentiation of iPSCs it is considered important to choose the proper conditions of culture such as 3D-platform for embryoid, supplement of cytokines and growth factors, inhibition of signaling and so on. On the other hand, several conditions have been reported to induce cancer stem cells. The cancer inducing conditions are possibly summarized as the factors chronically exposed to iPSCs. It is further worthwhile noticing that the conditions do not appear to induce mutations but affecting the epigenetics. Collectively, to secure the safety of regeneration therapy, it appears the best way to avoid the conditions to induce cancer stem cells. Further insights in details will be discussed in the lecture. Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of the pancreatic beta cells and loss of insulin. Using the Edmonton protocol, donor-derived islets seeded into the liver successfully restore glycemia in 58% of T1D patients. However, donor scarcity, risks associated with immunosuppressants and poor engraftment limit this therapeutic application to a small number of patients. To overcome these challenges, the developmental potential of human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells is being harnessed to produce surrogate islets in vitro. We and others have been able to mimic human embryonic development and generate pancreatic progenitors (PP) that have the ability to mature into insulin-producing beta-like cells both in vitro and in vivo. Transplantation of pancreatic progenitors in the kidney capsule of immunodeficient mice leads to formation of islet-like structures that secrete human insulin. However, there are some limitations to the use of pancreatic progenitors for the treatment of T1D. First and foremost, their safety as the PP population can be heterogenous and highly proliferative, which might lead to formation of cellular outgrowth or teratoma after transplantation. Second, while insulin-producing cells develop in vivo 6 weeks after transplantation, restoration of normoglycemia occurs ~5 months later, suggesting that these \"early\" insulin-producing cells are immature, or poorly connected to the host vasculature. We have been addressing these two limitations and developed approaches to 1) improve safety by identifying markers to purify the PP ","PeriodicalId":17155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"90-91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7772808/pdf/jsrm_16_90.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38795717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Osteogenetic Potential of Chitosan Coated Implant: An <i>In Vitro</i> Study.","authors":"Banna M Alnufaiy,&nbsp;Rhodanne Nicole A Lambarte,&nbsp;Khalid S Al-Hamdan","doi":"10.46582/jsrm.1602008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46582/jsrm.1602008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: Chitosan is a promising polymer that has been used for coating dental implants. However, research concerning coatings with implant surfaces other than commercially pure titanium is limited. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the chitosan material's effect with two degrees of deacetylation (DDA) as coatings for laser surface microtopographic implants. <b>Methods</b>: Sixty-three Laser-Lok (LL) implant discs were divided into three groups (21 in each group), and two groups were coated with either 80 or 95 DDA chitosan. The groups were categorized as LL 95, LL 80, or LL control. Then, hMSC-TERT 20 cells were used to evaluate the cell morphology, viability, and osteogenic capacity of the chitosan material 7 and 14 days after culture. Two-way ANOVA followed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test were used. <b>Results</b>: All samples were biocompatible and allowed cell attachment. However, cell spreading and attachment were noticeably increased in the LL 95 group. There was a significant increase in the expression of osteogenic markers in chitosan-coated samples compared to the control group. The 95 DDA-coated group exhibited higher ALP, Runx2, osteocalcin, and osteonectin expression compared to the 80 DDA and control groups on days 7 and 14. <b>Conclusion</b>: A high DDA of chitosan promotes biomineralization and osteoblast formation. Therefore, this combination of laser surface and chitosan can enhance future dental implant healing processes and osseointegration.</p>","PeriodicalId":17155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"44-49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7772811/pdf/jsrm_16_44.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38796812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organoids enabling COVID-19 research and significance of Biomaterial technologies.","authors":"","doi":"10.46582/jsrm.1602006","DOIUrl":"10.46582/jsrm.1602006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"32-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7772810/pdf/jsrm_16_32.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38796810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiation of Human Deceased Donor, Adipose-Derived, Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Functional Beta Cells.","authors":"Prakash Rao,&nbsp;Dayanand Deo,&nbsp;Misty Marchioni","doi":"10.46582/jsrm.1602010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46582/jsrm.1602010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is an emerging need for the rapid generation of functional beta cells that can be used in cell replacement therapy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Differentiation of stem cells into insulin-producing cells provides a promising strategy to restore pancreatic endocrine function. Stem cells can be isolated from various human tissues including adipose tissue (AT). Our study outlines a novel, non-enzymatic process to harvest mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from research-consented, deceased donor AT. Following their expansion, MSC were characterised morphologically and phenotypically by flow cytometry to establish their use for downstream differentiation studies. MSC were induced to differentiate into insulin-producing beta cells using a step-wise differentiation medium. The differentiation was evaluated by analysing the morphology, dithizone staining, immunocytochemistry, and expression of pancreatic beta cell marker genes. We stimulated the beta cells with different concentrations of glucose and observed a dose-dependent increase in gene expression. In addition, an increase in insulin and c-Peptide secretion as a function of glucose challenge confirmed the functionality of the differentiated beta cells. The differentiation of adipose-derived MSC into beta cells has been well established. However, our data demonstrates, for the first time, that the ready availability and properties of MSC isolated from deceased donor adipose tissue render them well-suited as a source for increased production of functional beta cells. Consequently, these cells can be a promising therapeutic approach for cell replacement therapy to treat patients with T1D.</p>","PeriodicalId":17155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7772806/pdf/jsrm_16_63.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38796814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MSC-released TGF-β regulate α-SMA expression of myofibroblast during wound healing.","authors":"Agung Putra,&nbsp;Iffan Alif,&nbsp;Nurfitriani Hamra,&nbsp;Octyana Santosa,&nbsp;Azizah Retno Kustiyah,&nbsp;Adi Muradi Muhar,&nbsp;Kiki Lukman","doi":"10.46582/jsrm.1602011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46582/jsrm.1602011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: Wound healing without fibrosis remains a clinical challenge and a new strategy to promote the optimal wound healing is needed. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can completely regenerate tissue injury due to the robust MSCs ability in controlling inflammation niche leading to granulation tissue formation, particularly through a release of various growth factors including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). In response to TGF-β stimulation, fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblast, marked by alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) that leads to wound healing acceleration. On the other hand, sustained activation of TGF-β in wound areas may contribute to fibrosis-associated scar formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the α-SMA expression of myofibroblast induced by MSC-released TGF-β during wound healing process. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: Twenty-four full-thickness excisional rat wound models were randomly divided into four groups: sham (Sh), Control (C), and MSCs treatment groups; topically treated by the MSCs at doses 2x10⁶ cells (T1) and 1x10⁶ cells (T2), respectively. While the control group was treated with NaCl. TGF-β level was determined using ELISA assay, α-SMA expression of myofibroblast was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining, and wound size measurement was calculated using a standard caliper. <b>Results</b>: This study showed a significant increase in TGF-β levels in all treatment groups on days 3 and 6. This finding was consistent with a significant increase of α-SMA expression of myofibroblast at day 6 and wound closure percentage, indicating that MSCs might promote an increase of wound closure. <b>Conclusion</b>: MSCs regulated the release of TGF-β to induce α-SMA expression of myofibroblast for accelerating an optimal wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":17155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"73-79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7772809/pdf/jsrm_16_73.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38796815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of transgene-free induced pluripotent stem cells from cardiac fibroblasts of goat embryos.","authors":"Mira Hanna,&nbsp;Raja Ghazanfar Ali Sahito,&nbsp;Moshira Rateb,&nbsp;Allah Bux Kachiwal,&nbsp;Hanan A Seddiek,&nbsp;Bachal Bhutto,&nbsp;Jürgen Hescheler","doi":"10.46582/jsrm.1602007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46582/jsrm.1602007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold a great potential for therapeutic regenerative medicine. The aim of this study was to generate induced pluripotent stem cells from goat embryonic cardiac tissue derived fibroblasts. The isolated cardiac fibroblasts from the cardiac tissue of goat embryos were positive for alfa smooth muscle actin, vimentin and discoidin domain receptor2. From these cells, we generated transgene free iPSCs using piggyBac transposons / transposase using five transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf, Myc and Lin 28). The generated iPSCs were SSEA1, SSEA4 and Oct4 positive. They were cultured on neofeeders using 20% Serum replacement - IMDM with bFGF. They could form cystic and compact embryoid bodies that showed differentiated ectodermal and mesodermal like cells when cultured using 20% FBS-IMDM without bFGF. The iPSCs, generated in the frame of this approach were produced without the use of integrating virus and the reprogramming transgenes were removed at the end of the process. Though there were limitations in the approach used, a substantial sign of reprogramming was obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":17155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"34-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7772807/pdf/jsrm_16_34.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38796811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the <i>in vitro</i> colony-forming assay for more efficient delineation of the interaction between lung epithelial stem cells and their niche.","authors":"Mari Ozaki,&nbsp;Shizuko Kagawa,&nbsp;Makoto Ishii,&nbsp;Ahmed E Hegab","doi":"10.46582/jsrm.1602009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46582/jsrm.1602009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of <i>in vitro</i> 3D organoid/colony forming assay (CFA); which mimics the <i>in vivo</i> environment have provided insight into the mechanisms by which lung stem cells maintain and repair the lung. In recent years, the use of CFA has markedly expanded. However, variations among laboratories in lung cell isolation methods, media used, type, origin, and processing methods of mesenchymal cells used as feeders for the epithelial colonies, and terms utilized to describe and quantify the growing colonies, have caused difficulty in reproducing results among different labs. In this study, we compared several previously described methods for lung cell isolation and culture media, to identify their influence on retrieved cells and growing colonies. We also characterized the effect of freeze/thaw, and propagation of fibroblasts on their ability to support epithelial colonies. Importantly, we suggested markers to identify fibroblast subtypes that offer the best support to alveolar stem cell proliferation. Then, we used our optimized assay to confirm the <i>in vitro</i> identity of recently described epithelial progenitors. We also tested the effect of hyperoxia on lung stem cells, and examined the expression of the receptors for the SARS-COV-2 virus's entry into epithelial cells, on our organoids. In summary, our findings facilitate CFA standardization, help understand how niche cell variations influence growing colonies, and confirm some of the recently described lung stem cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":17155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"50-62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7772814/pdf/jsrm_16_50.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38796813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of autophagy in regulation of glioma stem cells population during therapeutic stress.","authors":"Sabiya Abbas, Suraj Kumar Singh, Ajit Kumar Saxena, Swasti Tiwari, Lokendra Kumar Sharma, Meenakshi Tiwari","doi":"10.46582/jsrm.1602012","DOIUrl":"10.46582/jsrm.1602012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioblastoma is highly recurrent and aggressive tumor with poor prognosis where existence of glioma stem cell (GSCs) population is well established. The GSCs display stem cell properties such as self-renewable, proliferation and therapeutic resistance which contribute to its role in tumor progression, metastasis and recurrence. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can also be induced from non-stem cancer cells in response to radio/chemotherapy that further contribute to cancer relapse post therapy. Role of autophagy has been implicated in the existence of CSCs in different cancers; however, its role in GSCs is still unclear. Moreover, since autophagy is induced in response to various chemotherapeutic agents, it becomes imperative to understand the role of autophagy in therapy-induced pool of CSCs. Here, we investigated the role of autophagy in the maintenance of GSCs and temozolomide (TMZ)-induced therapeutic response. Glioblastoma cell lines (U87MG, LN229) were cultured as monolayer as well as GSC enriched tumorspheres and sub-spheroid population. Our results demonstrated that the tumorspheres maintained higher level of autophagy than the monolayer cells and inhibition of autophagy significantly reduced the percentage of GSCs and their self-renewal capacity. Further, TMZ at clinically relevant concentration resulted in an induction of survival autophagy in glioblastoma cells. We also observed that TMZ treatment significantly increased the expression of GSC markers, suggesting an increased pool of GSCs. Importantly, inhibition of autophagy prevented this TMZ-induced increased GSC population, suggesting a critical role for autophagy in therapy-induced generation of GSC pool. Overall, our findings revealed; i) higher levels of autophagy in GSCs; ii) TMZ induces protective autophagy and up-regulates pool of GSCs; and iii) inhibition of autophagy prevents TMZ-induced GSCs pool suggesting its role regulating GSC population in response to chemotherapy. Our study signifies a positive contribution of autophagy in survival of GSCs which implicates the use of autophagy inhibitors in a combinational approach to target TMZ-induced GSCs for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Further efforts are required to study the role of autophagy in therapy- induced GSC pool in other cancer types for its broad therapeutic implication.</p>","PeriodicalId":17155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"80-89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7772813/pdf/jsrm_16_80.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38796816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}