{"title":"Image segmentation based on active contours using discrete time cellular neural networks","authors":"D. L. Vilariño, D. Cabello, M. Balsi, V. Brea","doi":"10.1109/CNNA.1998.685396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CNNA.1998.685396","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new proposal for image segmentation using deformable models, as an application of discrete-time cellular neural networks (DTCNN). This approach is based on active contours (also called snakes) which evolve until reaching a final desired location. The contours are guided by both external information from the image under consideration which attracts them towards salient characteristics of the scene, and internal energy from the contour image which tries to maintain the smoothness in the curve shape. The massively parallel processing in DTCNN and the use of local information permit a VLSI implementation, suitable for real time applications.","PeriodicalId":171485,"journal":{"name":"1998 Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications. Proceedings (Cat. No.98TH8359)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121261703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Precise edge detection: representation by Boolean functions, implementation on the CNN","authors":"I. Aizenberg, N. Aizenberg, J. Vandewalle","doi":"10.1109/CNNA.1998.685391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CNNA.1998.685391","url":null,"abstract":"An edge detection problem is considered in the paper. It is proposed to reduce the edge detection problem on binary images to evaluation of the Boolean functions. A separate processing of the binary planes with their further integration into resulting image is used for edge detection on the gray-scale images. The different Boolean functions for detection of edges corresponding to the upward and downward brightness overleaps, to the narrow directions (south-north, south-east-north-west, etc.) are considered. All the processing functions are non-threshold Boolean functions of nine variables (such a number of variables corresponds to the processing within a 3/spl times/3 local window around the each pixel). Since all the functions are not threshold, CNN with universal binary neurons are proposed to be used for their implementation. The weighting templates for all functions are obtained by learning. The software simulation results are also presented.","PeriodicalId":171485,"journal":{"name":"1998 Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications. Proceedings (Cat. No.98TH8359)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116445561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimation of the basin of attractions of stable equilibrium points in CNNs","authors":"V. Mladenov, D. Leenaerts","doi":"10.1109/CNNA.1998.685331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CNNA.1998.685331","url":null,"abstract":"We present an approach to estimate the basin of attraction of stable equilibrium points in cellular neural networks (CNNs). The approach is based on the determination of the so called tree of regions connected with each stable equilibrium points described in our previous work (1997). The new contribution is connected with additional separation of the regions where the boundaries between different basins are located. The suggested separation with internal hyperplanes will help to estimate more precisely the boundaries between different basins, because the previous algorithm to obtain the trees could not give the exact description of the basin of attractions.","PeriodicalId":171485,"journal":{"name":"1998 Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications. Proceedings (Cat. No.98TH8359)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126118774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Local Activity: The Origin of Complexity","authors":"L. Chua","doi":"10.1109/CNNA.1998.685319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CNNA.1998.685319","url":null,"abstract":"Many scientists have struggled to uncover the elusive origin of “complexity”, and its many equivalent jargons, such as emergence, self-organization, synergetics, collective behaviors, nonequilibrium phenomena, etc. They have provided some qualitative, but not quantitative, characterizations of numerous fascinating examples from many disciplines. For example, Schrodinger had identified “the exchange of energy” from open systems as a necessary condition for complexity. Prigogine has argued for the need to introduce a new principle of nature which he dubbed “the instability of the homogeneous”. Turing had proposed “symmetry breaking” as an origin of morphogenesis. Smale had asked what “axiomatic” properties must a reaction–diffusion system possess to make the Turing interacting system oscillate. The purpose of this paper is to show that all the jargons and issues cited above are mere manifestations of a new fundamental principle called local activity, which is mathematically precise and testable. The local activity theorem provides the quantitative characterization of Prigogine’s “instability of the homogeneous” and Smale’s quest for an axiomatic principle on Turing instability. Among other things, a mathematical proof is given which shows none of the complexityrelated jargons cited above is possible without local activity. Explicit mathematical criteria are given to identify a relatively small subset of the locally-active parameter region, called the edge of chaos, where most complex phenomena emerge.","PeriodicalId":171485,"journal":{"name":"1998 Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications. Proceedings (Cat. No.98TH8359)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125919597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Threshold class CNNs with input-dependent initial state","authors":"I. Genç, C. Guzelis","doi":"10.1109/CNNA.1998.685349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CNNA.1998.685349","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a special class of cellular neural networks (CNNs) where cells are uncoupled and they are initialized depending on their weighted input level. An uncoupled CNN cell operating in the bipolar output mode defines a discrete-valued perceptron whose threshold is determined by the initial condition. CNNs of uncoupled cells, so called linear threshold class CNNs, can be trained by perceptron learning rule for searching optimum template values in linearly separable input cases. However, just like perceptron, conventional linear threshold class CNNs can not perform the classification of linearly nonseparable input cases. However, just like perceptron, conventional linear threshold class CNN cannot perform the classification of linearly nonseparable input sets. To overcome this problem, we choose the initial states of the considered CNNs as piecewise constant functions of the external inputs so that a cell defines a modified perceptron having an input-dependent threshold. We show that such linear threshold class CNNs can perform some linearly nonseparable threshold functions. The results obtained by the experiments done on edge detection problem justify our design method.","PeriodicalId":171485,"journal":{"name":"1998 Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications. Proceedings (Cat. No.98TH8359)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128044397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A programmable g/sub m/-C CNN implementation","authors":"D. Lim, G. Moschytz","doi":"10.1109/CNNA.1998.685390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CNNA.1998.685390","url":null,"abstract":"An implementation of a programmable cellular neural network is reported. It overcomes some of the limiting characteristics and restrictions inherent in CMOS VLSI technologies, and allows an arbitrarily large continuous-time analog CNN to be built up by modularly connecting CNN chips with a modest number of cells. The template values are implemented as sets of unit and half-unit OTAs and are digitally step-wise programmable. The design incorporates an offset compensation and initialization circuit. All external input, output and control signals are electrical and digital. The design was carried out in a 0.8 /spl mu/ CMOS technology. Each cell occupies 0.78 mm/sup 2/, including all support circuitry. Matching accuracy was measured and operation was verified on numerous uncoupled and propagation-type templates.","PeriodicalId":171485,"journal":{"name":"1998 Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications. Proceedings (Cat. No.98TH8359)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134636620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel compact architecture for a programmable full-range CNN in 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology","authors":"J. A. Hegt, D. Leenaerts, R.T. Wilmans","doi":"10.1109/CNNA.1998.685389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CNNA.1998.685389","url":null,"abstract":"Describes an analogue hardware implementation of a programmable full-range CNN. The used technology is the MIETEC 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The most important building blocks in each cell are its multipliers and an integrator with a hard-limited output. For the multipliers it is shown that the application of 2-quadrant types suffices, without loss of generality of the resulting network. As the number of multipliers per cell can be quite large, this means an important reduction of the circuit complexity. The integrator is implemented as a single capacitor. Hard-limiting is incorporated by a small clamper circuit. The resulting low-power and low-voltage circuit stands out for its low number of components and dense implementation. Its usefulness is illustrated with simulation results of this CNN used as a connected component detector.","PeriodicalId":171485,"journal":{"name":"1998 Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications. Proceedings (Cat. No.98TH8359)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134501739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A robustness study of a CNN based stereo vision algorithm","authors":"A. Zanela, S. Taraglio","doi":"10.1109/CNNA.1998.685395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CNNA.1998.685395","url":null,"abstract":"The development of an effective system for autonomous robot navigation can find a valid support from the CNN approach. In the paper some measurements of the robustness of a stereo vision algorithm based on the CNN paradigm are presented. The sensitivity of the algorithm to the difference in luminosity and contrast of the images in the stereo pair, the presence of noise corrupting the images and problems of misalignment in the experimental set-up are investigated.","PeriodicalId":171485,"journal":{"name":"1998 Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications. Proceedings (Cat. No.98TH8359)","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132909484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High speed calculation of cryptographic hash functions by CNN chips","authors":"M. Csapodi, J. Vandewalle, T. Roska","doi":"10.1109/CNNA.1998.685361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CNNA.1998.685361","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is concerned with the implementation of cryptographic hash functions on the regular array of simple cellular neural network (CNN) cells with periodic boundary conditions. Cryptographic hash functions enable message origin authentication and validation of message content integrity. A class of cryptographic hash functions-termed Cartesian authentication codes-provide provable (unconditional) security for message authentication between two mutually trustful parties sharing a secret key. We succeeded in implementing existing constructions of Cartesian authentication codes on today's CNN Universal Machine (CNN-UM) chips. Here we prove that rather complex (binary) arithmetic can be performed on a simple CNN chip, by providing an algorithm to implement a specific Cartesian authentication code based on the computation of a polynomial expression over a finite field. The bitrate of the computation is in the 100 Mbit/sec range with existing chips.","PeriodicalId":171485,"journal":{"name":"1998 Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications. Proceedings (Cat. No.98TH8359)","volume":"299 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115286121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the chip implementation of analogic algorithms for optical detection of some layout errors of printed circuit boards","authors":"K. Tomordi, P. Foldesy, P. Szolgay","doi":"10.1109/CNNA.1998.685356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CNNA.1998.685356","url":null,"abstract":"Printed circuit board layout inspection methods are mostly based on local geometric information, therefore they are well suited to the cellular neural networks (CNN) paradigm. The wire break, the wire and isolation width violation and an \"H\" type short circuits detector analogic algorithms were tested on a 20*22 CNN Universal Machine (CNNUM) chip working in the CNN Chip Prototyping System (CCPS) and on the CNN Engine Board (CNNEB), and the results were compared to the commercially available inspection systems.","PeriodicalId":171485,"journal":{"name":"1998 Fifth IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications. Proceedings (Cat. No.98TH8359)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123873059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}