Journal of separation science最新文献

{"title":"Kaempferol Molecularly Imprinted Monolithic Columns Prepared by a Surface Imprinting Method and Their Applications to Direct Separation of Flavonoids From Ginkgo Leaves by Liquid Chromatography","authors":"Wenlin Zhong,&nbsp;Fangping Liang,&nbsp;Lingling Zhong,&nbsp;Jiming Ou,&nbsp;Jianfeng He,&nbsp;Quanzhou Wu","doi":"10.1002/jssc.70126","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jssc.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, kaempferol molecularly imprinted monolithic columns (MIMCs) featuring a homogeneous pore structure and high separation ability were successfully prepared by surface imprinting on silica monoliths. These columns were then used to separate flavonoids from the hydrolysate of Ginkgo leaves. The preparation process involved three simple steps: preparation of silica monoliths, functionalization of the silica surface, and polymerization of the imprinting system onto the silica surface. The resulting MIMCs exhibited a homogeneous pore structure, high surface area (&gt;100 m²/g), high porosity (ca. 74%), and good permeability (3.0 − 3.9 × 10⁻¹⁵ m²). The chromatographic separation performance of the MIMCs prepared on amino-functionalized silica monoliths was significantly superior to those prepared on thiol and vinyl-functionalized silica monoliths. The MIMCs prepared on amino-functionalized silica monoliths (I.D. 4.6 × 20 mm) could nearly achieve baseline separation of four structurally similar flavonoids: genistein, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and quercetin. In addition, these MIMCs exhibited excellent selectivity in the chromatographic separation of flavonoids from the hydrolysate of Ginkgo leaves. However, when used as SPE adsorbents, the MIMCs prepared on thiol and vinyl-functionalized silica monoliths were superior to those on amino-functionalized silica monoliths in terms of purification of flavonoids from the Ginkgo hydrolysate. This study may be of instructive significance to the facile preparation of MIMCs for the high-selectivity separation and analysis of target components in complex natural systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of separation science","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Efficient Isolation and Purification of Broad Partition Coefficient Range of Anthraquinones From Seeds of Cassia obtusifolia L. by Linear Gradient Counter-Current Chromatography Coupled With Inner-Recycling Mode","authors":"Zhengfu Gong,&nbsp;Nana Huang,&nbsp;Jinping Li,&nbsp;Ammara Sohail,&nbsp;Hesham R. El-Seedi,&nbsp;Jeonghill Park,&nbsp;Rong Sun,&nbsp;Daijie Wang","doi":"10.1002/jssc.70131","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jssc.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anthraquinones are the main constituents of seeds of <i>Cassia obtusifolia</i> L., which have been used extensively in traditional medicine around the world to cure a variety of illnesses. This work used linear gradient counter-current chromatography to purify anthraquinones successfully. Two gradient mobile phases were employed: the lower phases of the solvent system combination of <i>n-</i>hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (<i>n</i>-Hex/EtOAc/MeOH/H₂O) (5:5:5:5, v/v) and (5:5:8:2, v/v). The solvent systems employed for the inner-recycling separation were <i>n</i>-Hex/EtOAc/MeOH/H₂O (5:5:5.5:4.5, v/v) and (5:5:7:3, v/v). Additionally, <i>n-</i>hexane/ethanol/water (1:1:0.2, v/v) was utilized as the solvent system to separate the fraction using the offline two-dimensional separation mode. Lastly, high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that nine anthraquinones, including aurantio-obtusin (<b>1</b>), chryso-obtusin (<b>2</b>), obtusin (<b>3</b>), btusifolin (<b>4</b>), emodin (<b>5</b>), rubrofusarin (<b>6</b>), toralactone (<b>7</b>), chrysophanol (<b>8</b>) and physcion (<b>9</b>) were effectively obtained with purities over 98%. The established technique was used to isolate a series of wide <i>K</i>_D-value anthraquinones from seeds of <i>C. obtusifolia</i> L. The developed approach demonstrated significant potential for the isolation of complex components with broad polarities from other natural products.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of separation science","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Screening of Lipase Inhibitors From Chrysanthemum Based on Ionic Liquid/Chitosan Bifunctionalized Magnetic Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Immobilized Lipase","authors":"Sikai Wang,&nbsp;Yue Li,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Lin Lv,&nbsp;Hongmei Liu,&nbsp;Guoqi Zhang,&nbsp;Yan Zhao","doi":"10.1002/jssc.70125","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jssc.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, a novel ionic liquid/chitosan bifunctionalized magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite material (m-MWCNTs@CS@IL) was utilized for the first time to immobilize lipase. The immobilized lipase exhibited exceptional stability and reusability, as evidenced by its characteristic properties. A ligand fishing approach utilizing the immobilized lipase was developed to enable rapid screening of lipase inhibitors from <i>Chrysanthemum</i>. Three ligands were successfully screened from <i>Chrysanthemum</i> and then identified as cynaroside, quercitrin, and linarin by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The IC₅₀ values of these three ligands were 76.77 ± 0.36, 83.01 ± 0.46, and 43.61 ± 0.77 µM, respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis further confirmed the binding of three ligands to specific amino acid residues within the active site of lipase. This work presents a fast and efficient approach for screening lipase inhibitors from intricate natural sources, demonstrating promising prospects in discovering anti-obesity compounds.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of separation science","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents as New Supported Liquid Membranes for Extraction of β-Blockers by Hollow Fiber–Electromembrane Extraction","authors":"Mehri Beiranvand,&nbsp;Yadollah Yamini,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahdi Khataei","doi":"10.1002/jssc.70102","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jssc.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this work, an electromembrane extraction method is presented to extract some β-blockers in biological samples. A new hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent, as a green solvent, was synthesized. The hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was immobilized in the wall pores of the hollow fiber membrane and used as a supported liquid membrane. β-Blockers were transported from the sample solution through an SLM, including tris-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, into the acceptor phase located in the lumen of the hollow fiber. High-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection has been used to separate and analyze the β-blockers. Effective parameters on the extraction efficiency of the β-blockers such as hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent molar ratio (2:1), extraction voltage (75 V), type of ion carrier and its concentration (tris-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, 5%), pH of donor and acceptor phases (ultrapure water and 100 mM of HCl), hollow fiber length (7 cm), extraction time (20 min), stirring speed of sample solution (600 rpm), and salt effect (0%) were investigated and optimized. The method provides a decent linearity by the coefficient of determination values higher than 0.9946. Limits of detection were in the range of 0.25–3.3 ng mL⁻¹, and limits of quantification were found in the range of 0.75–10.0 ng mL⁻¹ in water. Finally, the method was successfully used to determine the β-blockers concentrations in real urine and plasma samples with relative recoveries between 90.6% and 108.6%.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of separation science","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enantioseparation of Mirabegron Using Cyclodextrin-based Chiral Columns: High-performance Liquid Chromatography and Molecular Modeling Study","authors":"Ali Mhammad,&nbsp;Gergely Dombi,&nbsp;Máté Dobó,&nbsp;Zoltán-István Szabó,&nbsp;Béla Fiser,&nbsp;Gergő Tóth","doi":"10.1002/jssc.70132","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jssc.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel high-performance liquid chromatography method for the enantioseparation of mirabegron (<i>R</i>-mirabegron), a selective β-3 adrenergic receptor agonist, using cyclodextrin (CD)-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) was developed. Seven different CSPs containing β-, γ-, hydroxypropyl-β-, sulfobutyl-β-, carboxymethyl-β-, permethyl-β-, and phenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin were evaluated under both polar organic and reversed-phase conditions. Only the phenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin containing the Chiral CD-Ph column displayed enantiorecognition. Optimization of conditions using a full factorial design led to the determination of the most suitable conditions: a mobile phase composition of 90:10:0.1 methanol:water:diethylamine, a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, and a column temperature of 40°C with enantiomeric elution order, where the impurity <i>S</i>-mirabegron elutes first. Using the optimized conditions, enantioseparation with <i>R</i>_s = 1.9 was achieved within 10 min. The developed method was validated according to current guidelines and successfully applied for the determination of <i>S</i>-mirabegron, as a chiral impurity in pharmaceutical formulations. The enantiorecognition mechanism was investigated by molecular docking and thermodynamic analysis. Using molecular modeling, the interactions between CDs and the analyte were analyzed at the molecular level, revealing that mirabegron interacts primarily with the phenylcarbamate groups on the outer surface of the structure. Enthalpy-controlled enantioseparation was consistently observed across all eluent compositions, regardless of the conditions. The developed and validated method is highly suitable for routine determination of the enantiomeric purity of mirabegron, offering a reliable tool for regulatory compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of separation science","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jssc.70132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Selective Extraction of Triterpenoid Saponin From Centella asiatica Crude Extracts","authors":"Yongxian Fan,&nbsp;Ruiwei Chen,&nbsp;Lixin Tang,&nbsp;Panpan Fu,&nbsp;Jiawei Zhou,&nbsp;Xiaolong Chen","doi":"10.1002/jssc.70128","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jssc.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Asiaticoside (AS) and madecassoside (MS) are two key triterpenoid saponin compounds found in <i>Centella asiatica</i>. Despite their structural similarities, they exhibit distinct biological activities. AS is known for its anti-inflammatory properties and its effectiveness in treating rheumatoid arthritis, while MS is recognized for its ability to promote wound healing and significantly improve burn scars. Additionally, AS is widely utilized in the cosmetics industry due to its antioxidant and moisturizing properties. Currently, separating and purifying these two compounds simultaneously using existing methods is challenging. This study focuses on synthesizing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) through precipitation polymerization with AS as the template. By optimizing various preparation parameters, such as the molar ratios of functional monomers, porogens, and cross-linking agents, high selectivity was achieved. The maximum adsorption capacity reached 19.16 mg/g, with an imprinting factor of 2.86. The MIPs were characterized using techniques like scanning electron microscopy (SEM), TA, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) adsorption, and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR). Their effectiveness was assessed through static and dynamic adsorption, desorption, and reusability tests. When applied in molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) of crude extracts from <i>C. asiatica</i>, the recovery of AS was 39.90%, and its purity increased by 3.01 times, whereas the purity of MS improved by 6.51 times. These findings indicate that the preparation of MIPs is cost-effective, highly selective, reproducible, and user-friendly, making it a promising method for enriching and isolating AS from complex mixtures.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of separation science","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of a Biomimetic Poly-Phosphatidylserine Monolithic Column for Immobilized Artificial Membrane Chromatography","authors":"Xueyan Zhu,&nbsp;Xianglong Zhao,&nbsp;Zhongkang Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoyuan Xie,&nbsp;Jincai Wang,&nbsp;Jianlong Liang,&nbsp;Zheng Liu,&nbsp;Tao Deng,&nbsp;Bin Yang,&nbsp;Jialiang Guo","doi":"10.1002/jssc.70120","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jssc.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pharmacokinetic properties of drugs are significantly influenced by their interactions with cell membranes. Phosphatidylserine (PS) as one of the crucial membrane phospholipids is present abundantly in biological cells. In this study, a PS-mimicking phospholipid membrane polymer monolithic column was developed using the synthetic compound 2-methylacryloxydodecyl phosphatidylserine (MDPS). The physicochemical properties and chromatographic performance of the poly(MDPS-<i>co</i>-ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA)) monolithic column were evaluated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nano-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The retention mechanism was investigated by eluting the acidic, neutral, and basic compounds under the same gradient conditions, and the performance of the poly(MDPS-<i>co</i>-EDMA) monolithic column was compared with that of a poly(12-methacryloyl n-dodecylphosphocholine (MDPC)-<i>co</i>-EDMA) monolithic column. The poly(MDPS-<i>co</i>-EDMA) column demonstrated effective separation capabilities for small peptides, protein enzymatic hydrolysis polypeptides, and pharmaceutical compounds. Furthermore, the column was also employed to predict the blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability of drugs, and the correlation coefficient of 0.73 indicates the promising potential of poly(MDPS-<i>co</i>-EDMA) monolithic column for predicting the ability of drugs to cross the BBB.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of separation science","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Separation of Weak Acids, Neutral Compounds, and Permanent Ions Using Sequential Elution with Tandem-Column Liquid Chromatography","authors":"Lauren Kline Lovejoy,&nbsp;Joe P. Foley,&nbsp;Kaitlin M. Grinias","doi":"10.1002/jssc.70124","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jssc.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sequential elution-liquid chromatography (SE-LC) employs conventional high-performance LC instrumentation to separate compounds by class and within each class using two or more sequential elution modes. The aim of this work was to validate a novel SE-LC method used to separate weak acids, permanently charged ions (anions), and neutral compounds by applying first a low pH isocratic elution to elute the weak acids, then an acetonitrile gradient to elute the neutral compounds, and lastly a sodium methanesulfonate gradient to elute the anionic compounds using a tandem-column arrangement comprised of a C18 column and a strong anion exchange column. The effects of flow rate, starting mobile phase organic content, column temperature, mobile phase composition, and gradient start time were investigated using a 2^5-1 fractional factorial design with center points for robustness. The method was demonstrated to be robust, specific, linear, accurate, and precise (repeatable) over the range of 6%–120% of the target analyte concentrations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of separation science","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Multiclass Analysis of Cyanotoxins in Cyanobacterial Samples Using Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Rosemary Bergin,&nbsp;Siobhan Peters,&nbsp;Simon Mitrovic,&nbsp;David P. Bishop","doi":"10.1002/jssc.70121","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jssc.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The proliferation of cyanobacteria can result in algal blooms, which may cause environmental and biological harm due to the production and release of secondary metabolites, or cyanotoxins, into the affected waterway. Cyanobacteria can produce multiple classes of cyanotoxins; therefore, to understand the full toxic load of algal blooms, it is necessary to perform analyses that quantify each class. These classes are generally monitored individually due to the challenges associated with the differing physicochemical properties of the cyanotoxins. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) is a form of chromatography capable of retaining multiple classes of cyanotoxins that differ in physicochemical properties. Here an HILIC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to detect 3 microcystins, 11 saxitoxins, and 2 anatoxins. The chromatographic conditions were optimized to allow for the separation of multiple pairs of saxitoxin epimers, and in-source fragmentation in the MS interface was used to develop unique MRMs between the pairs. The method was validated and had low limits of detection (LODs, between 0.00770 and 9.75 µg L⁻¹) and limits of quantification (LOQs, between 0.0257 and 32.5 µg L⁻¹) for all compounds. All analytes exhibited good linearity (<i>R</i>² values ≥ 0.991) and low percentage relative standard deviations for retention time (0%–1.74%) and peak area (4.54%–27.6%), with spiked recoveries ranging from 75.6% to 117% for all compounds. A multiclass sample preparation method to extract the three classes of analytes from cyanobacterial samples was developed and validated, with 80:20 acetonitrile:water and 0.1% formic acid as the optimal extraction solvent. The newly developed sample preparation and analysis methods were applied to cultured cyanobacteria and field samples, with microcystins and saxitoxins detected. The multiclass sample preparation and analysis methods developed here improve on individual methods as they reduce the complexity and time of sample preparation and analysis and will assist ecotoxicologists in assessing the full toxic risk of cyanobacterial blooms.</p>","PeriodicalId":17098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of separation science","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in the Construction and Applications of Monolithic and Open-tubular Capillary Electrochromatography (2022–2024)","authors":"Xueping Tao,&nbsp;Dan Wang,&nbsp;Meiting Yan,&nbsp;Yan Ma,&nbsp;Yang Zhou,&nbsp;Qifeng Fu","doi":"10.1002/jssc.70119","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jssc.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) has attracted significant attention and gained considerable recognition in the field of separation science owing to its excellent separation efficiency. While numerous reviews on CEC have been published in recent years, a comprehensive and systematic summary of the typical synthesis strategies for electrochromatographic stationary phases and their state-of-the-art applications in CEC remains lacking. This review highlights recent advances (over the past 3 years) and representative applications (including chiral separation, microextraction-coupled analysis, metabolomics, enzyme analysis, and food analysis) of monolithic and open-tubular stationary phases in CEC. The advantages and limitations of each methodology are critically analyzed to present a balanced evaluation. Additionally, this work outlines future prospects regarding the development trends in electrochromatographic stationary phase preparation methods and the evolving applications of CEC.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of separation science","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}