Journal of studies on alcohol最新文献

{"title":"Levels of spirituality and treatment outcome: a preliminary examination.","authors":"Robert C Sterling,&nbsp;Stephen Weinstein,&nbsp;Peter Hill,&nbsp;Edward Gottheil,&nbsp;Susan M Gordon,&nbsp;Kerry Shorie","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary aim of this study was to examine whether admission differences in levels of spirituality predisposed alcohol-dependent individuals to favorable or unfavorable outcomes following admission to facilities that differed in the degree to which spirituality was emphasized. It was hypothesized that individuals whose admission level of spirituality was congruent with the treatment program's orientation and who as such were considered optimally placed (i.e., \"matched\") for treatment would evince better in-treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Four hundred and five participants completed measures of spirituality and psychosocial well-being at intake and at end of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In examining the entire sample, no matching effects were observed on discharge status, abstinence efficacy, or desire to drink. When analyses were restricted to those cases scoring in the upper or lower quartiles in spirituality, we observed a paradoxical effect, as individuals recording lower levels of spirituality at the less spiritual program evinced significantly poorer outcomes (i.e., less abstinence efficacy, greater desire to drink).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings hint at the importance of spirituality in the environment of care, indicating that individuals low in spirituality were at risk for poorer outcomes, but exposure to a program that emphasized spirituality lowered that risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":"67 4","pages":"600-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.600","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26055936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age and racial/ethnic differences in drinking and drinking-related problems in a community sample of lesbians.","authors":"Tonda L Hughes,&nbsp;Sharon C Wilsnack,&nbsp;Laura A Szalacha,&nbsp;Timothy Johnson,&nbsp;Wendy B Bostwick,&nbsp;Rachel Seymour,&nbsp;Frances Aranda,&nbsp;Perry Benson,&nbsp;Kelly E Kinnison","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although research on alcohol use among women has increased dramatically during the past several decades, relatively few studies have focused on lesbians, and almost none have included sufficient numbers of older lesbians or lesbians of color to permit comparative analyses. Using data from the Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women Study (CHLEW), we examined drinking patterns and problems in a large and diverse sample of lesbians.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Structured interviews were conducted with 447 community-residing adult women (ages 18-83) who self-identified as lesbians (48% non-Hispanic white, 28% non-Hispanic black, and 20% Hispanic/Latina; the remainder were in the \"other\" category). We used multivariate logistic regressions to examine and compare the prevalence of lifetime and 12-month problem-drinking indicators across four age and three racial/ethnic groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unlike findings from general population surveys, in which women's rates of drinking tend to decrease with age, we found relatively few differences across the four age groups of CHLEW respondents. We also found no significant differences between Hispanic and white lesbians on any of the lifetime or 12-month problem-drinking indicators and only a few significant differences between white and black lesbians.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As with heterosexual women, patterns of drinking and drinking-related problems among lesbians vary by age and race/ ethnicity. However, given our findings of substantially smaller variations among lesbians than among women in the general population, research is needed that examines in greater depth the intersections between age, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and drinking. Understanding how these sociocultural factors interact with each other and with other known risk factors is important for identifying population groups at greatest risk for developing alcohol-related problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":"67 4","pages":"579-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.579","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26053742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effect of black tea against ethanol-induced oxidative modifications of liver proteins and lipids.","authors":"Wojciech Luczaj,&nbsp;Ewa Siemieniuk,&nbsp;Wiesława Roszkowska-Jakimiec,&nbsp;Elzbieta Skrzydlewska","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Black tea has been recently ascertained as a source of water-soluble antioxidants that may enhance cellular antioxidant abilities. The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of the preventive effect of black tea on oxidative modifications of liver lipids and proteins of 2-month-old rats intoxicated chronically (28 days) with ethanol.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Lipid peroxidation was estimated by measurement of lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, and 4-hydroxynonenal by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by spectrophotometric determination of conjugated dienes. The markers of protein oxidative modification products-bistyrosine and tryptophan-were quantified by spectrofluorimetry, whereas levels of amino, sulfhydryl, and carbonyl groups were estimated spectrophotometrically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ethanol intoxication caused changes in liver antioxidant abilities that led to the generation of oxidative stress and, consequently, to the significant increase in products of lipid and protein oxidative modification. Enhanced lipid peroxidation was confirmed by assessment of the concentration of lipid peroxidation products measured at all examined levels. Protein modifications were evidenced by increase in levels of bistyrosine and carbonyl groups and by decrease in concentration of tryptophan and levels of sulfhydryl and amino groups. The metabolic consequences of oxidative modifications of lipids and proteins were reduced by cathepsin B activity and translocation of this lysosomal protease into cytosol as well as markers of liver damage-alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-into the blood serum. Administration of black tea to ethanol-intoxicated rats partially protected antioxidant parameters and, remarkably, prevented the significant increase in concentrations of all measured lipid peroxidation products. Moreover, the levels of markers of the protein-modification process were similar to those of the control group. Protection of biological membranes by black tea prevents changes in the permeability of these membranes and translocation of the examined enzymes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that black tea protects proteins and lipids against oxidative modification induced by chronic ethanol intoxication, which preserves changes in redox and proteolytic homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":"67 4","pages":"510-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.510","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26054313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of two brief intervention strategies among injured, at-risk drinkers in the emergency department: impact of tailored messaging and brief advice.","authors":"Frederic C Blow,&nbsp;Kristen L Barry,&nbsp;Maureen A Walton,&nbsp;Ronald F Maio,&nbsp;Stephen T Chermack,&nbsp;C Raymond Bingham,&nbsp;Rosalinda V Ignacio,&nbsp;Victor J Strecher","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study used a randomized controlled trial design to compare the effectiveness of four interventions at reducing alcohol consumption, consequences, and heavy episodic drinking among injured, at-risk drinkers in the emergency department (ED).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Injured patients (n=4,476) completed a computerized survey; 575 at- risk drinkers were randomly assigned to one of four intervention conditions: tailored message booklet with brief advice, tailored message booklet only, generic message booklet with brief advice, and generic message booklet only. Regression models using the generalized estimating equation approach were constructed comparing the intervention conditions at baseline, 3-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up. Gender and age were entered in models along with their interaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each of the intervention groups significantly decreased their alcohol consumption from baseline to 12-month follow-up; subjects in the tailored message booklet with brief advice group significantly decreased their average weekly alcohol consumption by 48.5% (p<.0001). Those in the brief advice conditions (tailored or generic) significantly decreased their average consumption during the 12 months of the study compared with the no brief advice conditions. Younger adult women (ages 19-22) who received some brief advice were the most likely to decrease their heavy episodic drinking.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This was the first large-scale, brief intervention trial that included development and testing of computerized, highly tailored interventions with injured drinkers in the ED. ED-based interventions for alcohol problems would benefit from computerized screening, brief advice, and booklets to positively impact risky drinking practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":"67 4","pages":"568-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.568","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26053741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Groupdrink\"? The effect of alcohol on risk attraction among groups versus individuals.","authors":"Dominic Abrams,&nbsp;Tim Hopthrow,&nbsp;Lorne Hulbert,&nbsp;Daniel Frings","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the present study is to assess the impact of alcohol consumption on the risk orientation of people when they are in groups as opposed to alone. Alcohol is often consumed within social groups, but previous research has not distinguished whether particular group processes affect risk differently as a consequence of alcohol consumption. Three theory-based predictions are tested to see whether, after alcohol consumption, groups encourage or inhibit risk as a result of group polarization, deindividuation, or group monitoring.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Male participants (N=120; ages 18-28), recruited via opportunity sample from students at the University of Kent, were assigned as individuals or as members of four-person groups. They had their breath alcohol concentration analyzed to ensure they were alcohol free and then were asked to consume either a placebo or alcohol in amounts equivalent to the legal limit for driving in the United States and the United Kingdom (.08% blood alcohol concentration). Participants completed a risk-attraction task either alone or in a group. Each participant also completed an alcohol-expectancy questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals found risky choices significantly more attractive after consuming alcohol. In contrast, members of groups showed no such increase. In alcohol but not placebo conditions, groups made their decisions more slowly than did individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results are consistent with the group-monitoring hypothesis (i.e., that group members attend to each other and promote a greater level of systematic processing of the risks presented). Results indicate that with moderate social drinking, groups may provide an informal means of mutual regulation and monitoring that can offset some aspects of alcohol myopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":"67 4","pages":"628-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.628","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26055940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous and concurrent polydrug use of alcohol and prescription drugs: prevalence, correlates, and consequences.","authors":"Sean Esteban McCabe,&nbsp;James A Cranford,&nbsp;Michele Morales,&nbsp;Amy Young","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we sought to examine the prevalence, correlates, and consequences associated with simultaneous polydrug use and concurrent polydrug use of alcohol and prescription drugs. For purposes of this investigation, simultaneous polydrug use referred to the co-ingestion of different drugs at the same time, and concurrent polydrug use referred to the use of different drugs on separate occasions within the past 12 months.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Undergraduate students attending a large public midwestern university in the United States were randomly selected to self-administer a Web survey. The sample consisted of 4,580 undergraduate students, with a mean (SD) age of 19.9 (2.0) years; the sample consisted of 50% women, and the racial breakdown was 65% white, 13% Asian, 7% black, 5% Hispanic, and 10% other race/ethnicity. The survey assessed simultaneous polydrug use and concurrent polydrug use of alcohol and four classes of prescription drugs: (1) pain medication, (2) stimulant medication, (3) sedative medication, and (4) sleeping medication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 12-month prevalence for polydrug use involving alcohol and abusable prescription drugs was 12.1% (including 6.9% simultaneous polydrug use). The majority of polydrug use involving alcohol and each class of prescription drugs was simultaneous polydrug use, with the exception of sleeping medication. Simultaneous polydrug use was more prevalent among undergraduate students who were male, were white, and reported early initiation of alcohol use. Simultaneous polydrug use was associated with more alcohol-related and other drug use-related problems than concurrent polydrug use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the high prevalence and increased risk for consequences associated with simultaneous polydrug use of alcohol and prescription drugs, collegiate prevention efforts aimed at reducing substance abuse should clearly focus on co-ingestion of alcohol and prescription drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":"67 4","pages":"529-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26053737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mixture model of discontinuous development in heavy drinking from ages 18 to 30: the role of college enrollment.","authors":"Stephanie T Lanza,&nbsp;Linda M Collins","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to illustrate the use of latent class analysis to examine change in behavior over time. Patterns of heavy drinking from ages 18 to 30 were explored in a national sample; the relationship between college enrollment and pathways of heavy drinking, particularly those leading to adult heavy drinking, was explored.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Latent class analysis for repeated measures is used to estimate common pathways through a stage-sequential process. Common patterns of development in a categorical variable (presence or absence of heavy drinking) are estimated and college enrollment is a grouping variable. Data were from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (N=1,265).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight patterns of heavy drinking were identified: no heavy drinking (53.7%); young adulthood only (3.7%); young adulthood and adulthood (3.7%); college age only (2.6%); college age, young adulthood, and adulthood (8.7%); high school and college age (4.4%); high school, college age, and young adulthood (6.3%); and persistent heavy drinking (16.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found no evidence that prevalence of heavy drinking for those enrolled in college exceeds the prevalence for those not enrolled at any of the four developmental periods studied. In fact, there is some evidence that being enrolled in college appears to be a protective factor for young adult and adult heavy drinking. College-enrolled individuals more often show a pattern characterized by heavy drinking during college ages only, with no heavy drinking prior to and after the college years, whereas nonenrolled individuals not drinking heavily during high school or college ages are at increased risk for adult heavy drinking.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":"67 4","pages":"552-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.552","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26053739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the effects of alcoholism typology and AA attendance on self-efficacy as a mechanism of change.","authors":"Michael P Bogenschutz,&nbsp;J Scott Tonigan,&nbsp;William R Miller","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Existing research indicates that increased self-efficacy to sustain abstinence is a strong causal mechanism explaining later reduction of drinking. Little is known about how mechanisms of change may differ among distinct subgroups of alcoholics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mediational role of self-efficacy on changes in drinking associated with Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) attendance in Type-A and Type-B alcoholics.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Analysis of covariance and structural equation modeling were used to model 6-, 9-, 12-, and 15-month data from Project MATCH (Matching Alcoholism Treatments to Client Heterogeneity) participants who were classified as Type-A or Type-B alcoholics (N=1,284; 72% male). Measures of AA attendance and percent days abstinent were taken from the Form 90. Self- efficacy was assessed with the Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Alcoholism typology and AA attendance were independent predictors of later self-efficacy, but there was no interaction between typology and AA attendance. Abstinence self-efficacy mediated a modest proportion of the effect of posttreatment AA attendance on later abstinence in both Type-A and Type-B alcoholics. The strength of this mediation did not differ by typology.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Self-efficacy for abstinence has a strong direct relationship to abstinence across treatment conditions and typologies. Increases in self-efficacy mediate some of the beneficial effects of AA for Type-A and Type-B alcoholics. Further work is necessary to determine whether self-efficacy plays a different role in the recovery of Type-A versus Type-B alcoholics.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":"67 4","pages":"562-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26053740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized study of four cards designed to prevent problems during college students' 21st birthday celebrations.","authors":"Bradley H Smith,&nbsp;Kristin E Bogle,&nbsp;Laura Talbott,&nbsp;Rick Gant,&nbsp;Helen Castillo","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of sending cards designed to prevent alcohol-related problems during 21st birthday celebrations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>College students were randomly assigned to receive cards with one of the following messages: (1) a neutral birthday greeting; (2) harm reduction information; (3) messages designed by the Be Responsible About Drinking (B.R.A.D.) Foundation, including harm reduction information and a description of the tragic death of Brad McCue during his 21st birthday celebration; (4) social norming messages designed to correct misperceptions of drinking; or (5) the combination of messages from Cards 2 and 4. A total of 994 students completed a post-21st birthday phone survey. Effects were evaluated in two cohorts with 444 and 550 students, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant effects of the cards on drinking or alcohol-related problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These null findings, plus some unexpected trends in our data, highlight the importance of carefully evaluating mailed interventions before deploying them on a large scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":"67 4","pages":"607-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.607","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26055937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and individual predictors of error in field estimates of blood alcohol concentration: a multilevel analysis.","authors":"John D Clapp,&nbsp;Jong W Min,&nbsp;Audrey M Shillington,&nbsp;Mark B Reed,&nbsp;James E Lange,&nbsp;Megan R Holmes","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Using self-report survey data and measures of breath alcohol concentration (BrAC), this study examined the validity of an estimate of blood alcohol concentration (eBAC). Differences between eBAC and BrAC were modeled to identify sources of error related to survey-derived eBAC. Further, using hierarchical multilevel analyses, environmental event characteristics were examined as sources of eBAC error.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>College students were interviewed and provided breath samples at randomly selected parties on Friday and Saturday nights. Interviews included items assessing the total number of drinks consumed, duration of drinking event, gender, and weight, which allowed for the calculation of eBAC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, eBACs were inaccurate. Total number of drinks consumed was associated with underestimates of eBAC, whereas time drinking was associated with overestimates of eBAC. Environmental variables, including party size, rowdy behavior, having food present, and observing many intoxicated partygoers, were also associated with eBAC errors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Current self-report survey methodology to calculate eBAC may be insufficient to estimate BAC with any accuracy. Environmental factors associated with the last drinking event for which BAC is being estimated should be considered when calculating eBAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":"67 4","pages":"620-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26055939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}