Journal of studies on alcohol最新文献

{"title":"Maternal perceptions of alcohol use by adolescents who drink alcohol.","authors":"Vincent Guilamo-Ramos,&nbsp;James Jaccard,&nbsp;Robert Turrisi,&nbsp;Margaret Johansson,&nbsp;Alida Bouris","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This research examines correlates of mothers' misperceptions of their adolescent children's regular alcohol consumption. Theories of adolescent autonomy, attribution processes, and stereotypes were used to make predictions about the biasing effects on attribution accuracy of maternal age, relationship satisfaction, and supervision of one's adolescent, as well as the adolescent's age, gender, physical development level, and peers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The present research used a nationally representative sample of approximately 20,000 parent-adolescent dyads from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Add Health is a school-based sample of 20,745 adolescents in Grades 7-12. Mothers indicated their perceptions of their adolescent children's alcohol use, and adolescents reported their actual use of alcohol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a tendency for mothers to underestimate alcohol use, sometimes substantially so. Maternal attributions followed a correlational pattern consistent with the scientific literature. There was evidence, however, that mothers may overgeneralize the applicability of these correlates, resulting in misattributions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our analyses have important practical implications for parent-based intervention programs aimed at preventing adolescent alcohol use. First, programs should alert parents to the cues that signify adolescent alcohol consumption. Second, intervention programs should appropriately sensitize parents to identifying adolescent alcohol use in cases in which the child may not fit the stereotype of an adolescent drinker. Third, intervention messages should emphasize firm and consistent parental actions that minimize alcohol use independent of the particular cues that an adolescent is projecting.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.730","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26148277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A partial ban on sales to reduce high-risk drinking South of the border: seven years later.","authors":"Robert B Voas,&nbsp;Eduardo Romano,&nbsp;Tara Kelley-Baker,&nbsp;A Scott Tippetts","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>On weekend evenings, thousands of youths (ages 20 and younger) and young adults (ages 21-25) residing in communities along the U.S. border cross into Mexico to patronize all-night bars where the drinking age is 18, rather than 21, and where the price of alcohol is considerably less than in the United States. On January 1, 1999, Juárez, Mexico, implemented a 2 AM (instead of 5 AM) bar-closing policy. The number of crossers and their blood alcohol concentration levels on return were reduced in the year following this policy change. The present study's objective was to determine the long-term (7-year) effect of the earlier-closing bar policy on cross-border drinking in Mexico.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Analyzed data (1998 to August 2005) were from quarterly breath-test surveys at the El Paso (Texas)/Juárez (Mexico) border, bar observations in Juárez, and trauma data in El Paso.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bar surveys in Juárez show that the 2 AM closing policy, initiated 7 years ago, continues to be enforced, as has the reduction (89%) in youthful crossers returning after 3 AM. The number of underage youths returning earlier in the evening (before 3 AM), however, unchanged for 2 years after the policy change, has doubled recently.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The early closing of bars in Juárez has a continuing positive impact on the reduction of the number of those returning after 3 AM. Although initially there appeared to be no displacement of the late returnees into the early hours (before 3 AM), the number of bar visitors crossing and returning earlier has been steadily increasing. Suggestions for reducing cross-border heavy episodic drinking are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26150437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural history of alcohol dependence and remission events for a Native American sample.","authors":"Kamilla L Venner, Sarah W Feldstein","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.675","DOIUrl":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Examining the progression of a disorder cross- culturally may help distinguish elements common to addictions from those that are differentially shaped by culture. This study sought to construct a combined sequence of both problem emergence and recovery efforts with Native Americans.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In a cross-sectional sample, 44 adult Native Americans (61% men) who had resolved alcohol dependence completed face-to-face interviews at a research center. The Alcohol Related Behaviors Survey and the Change Effort Card-sorts along with measures of alcohol involvement and current quality of life were administered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This sample's sequence of alcohol-related events was compared to that reported for Jellinek's historical white male sample (r(s) = .46, p = .001), a recent Navajo sample (r(s) = .33, p = .024), and a recent Mission Indian sample (r(s) = .28, p = .24). This sample's sequence of change efforts was compared to that in the Navajo sample (r(s) = .33, p = .182).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the small sample size precluding generalizability, there was greater concordance between this intertribal sample and Jellinek's white male sample than between this sample and a Mission Indian sample, indicating both cross-cultural and intracultural variation. In addition, change efforts begin during the development of alcohol problems rather than waiting until the person \"hits bottom,\" as suggested by previous research. Integrating the pathology of substance- use disorders with the process of resolving those disorders extends our understanding of the course of alcohol dependence.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2911362/pdf/nihms200403.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26148271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The stability and reliability of self-reported drinking measures.","authors":"Paul J Gruenewald,&nbsp;Fred W Johnson","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Estimated test-retest reliabilities of self-re- ported drinking measures are affected by the extent to which respondents provide consistent reports of their own behaviors (reliability) and the extent to which the behaviors reported are stable over time (stability). Unstable behaviors may be reliably reported but correlate poorly over time. This study tests whether an estimate of the stability of drinking patterns is related to test-retest reliabilities of drinking measures.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were from a general population telephone survey given twice, 1 month apart, to 307 adult drinkers. Drinking measures included age of onset, and graduated frequency measures used to estimate drinking frequencies, average quantities, and total alcohol consumption. Measures of drinking stability were estimated using a well-tested model for the analysis of drinking patterns (i.e., variances in drinking quantities and frequencies). Heteroscedastic regression models were used to partition covariances in self-reports between Times 1 and 2 into components related to stability and reliability, providing a more accurate picture of the reliability of drinking measures for different drinking groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall test-retest reliabilities were good, ranging from a low of .65 for drinking quantities to a high of .85 for drinking frequencies. The stability of quantity measures had a large impact on estimated test- retest reliabilities. Stable drinking patterns were associated with much greater test-retest reliabilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Data on alcohol use from general population telephone surveys are generally reliable. However, observed reliability is a function of the stability of drinking patterns. Ostensibly unreliable self-reports may be highly reliable but may reflect unstable drinking patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.738","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26148278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary care validation of a single screening question for drinkers.","authors":"J Paul Seale,&nbsp;John M Boltri,&nbsp;Sylvia Shellenberger,&nbsp;Mary M Velasquez,&nbsp;Monica Cornelius,&nbsp;Monique Guyinn,&nbsp;Ike Okosun,&nbsp;Heather Sumner","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to conduct a primary care validation study of a single screening question for alcohol misuse (\"When was the last time you had more than X drinks in 1 day?,\" where X was four for women and X was five for men), which was previously validated in a study conducted in emergency departments.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional study was accomplished by interviewing 625 male and female adult drinkers who presented to five southeastern primary care practices. Patients answered the single question (coded as within 3 months, within 12 months, ever, or never), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and AUDIT consumption questions (AUDIT-C). Alcohol misuse was defined as either at-risk drinking, identified by a 29-day Timeline Followback interview or a current (past-year) alcohol-use disorder by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria, or both.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 625 drinkers interviewed, 25.6% were at-risk drinkers, 21.7% had a current alcohol- use disorder, and 35.2% had either or both conditions. Considering \"within the last 3 months\" as positive, the sensitivity of the single question was 80% and the specificity was 74%. Chi-square analyses revealed similar sensitivity across ethnic and gender groups; however, specificity was higher in women and whites (p = .0187 and .0421, respectively). Considering \"within the last 12 months\" as positive increased the question's sensitivity, especially for those with alcohol-use disorders. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the single alcohol screening question (0.79) was slightly lower than for the AUDIT and AUDIT-C, but sensitivity and specificity were similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A single question about the last episode of heavy drinking is a sensitive, time-efficient screening instrument that shows promise for increasing alcohol screening in primary care practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.778","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26150441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity of the passive alcohol sensor for estimating BACs in DWI-enforcement operations.","authors":"Robert B Voas,&nbsp;Eduardo Romano,&nbsp;Raymond Peck","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The effectiveness of driving while intoxicated (DWI) operations in deterring impaired driving depends on the ability of police officers to detect heavy drinkers. The passive alcohol sensor (PAS), which can detect alcohol in expired breath at a distance of 6 inches from the face, provides a means for detecting heavy drinking within 15-30 seconds. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of the PAS unit for estimating the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of drivers and study its potential use as a screening device for estimating BAC in relation to several factors related to its use (age, gender, light conditions, and police confidence in the PAS measure).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A recent study funded by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration of the BAC levels of crash-involved and randomly stopped drivers as a control group for comparison provided 12,587 cases in which both a breath test and a PAS measure of BAC were obtained for each driver studied. This research involved a secondary analysis of that data set using regression and receiver operator curves methodology to determine the accuracy and utility of the PA S for use as a screening device for DWI violations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PAS scores were a strong predictor of a driver's BAC status. The only other variable having a significant and consistent relationship independent of PA S was police confidence. Detection sensitivity and specificity for each PA S cut-point score were estimated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By selecting a PAS cut-point score appropriate to the enforcement operation being undertaken, the PA S can be an effective tool for officers when deciding whether to initiate a DWI investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.714","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26148275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"I'll never drink like that again\": characteristics of alcohol-related incidents and predictors of motivation to change in college students.","authors":"Nancy P Barnett,&nbsp;Abby L Goldstein,&nbsp;James G Murphy,&nbsp;Suzanne M Colby,&nbsp;Peter M Monti","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.754","DOIUrl":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Alcohol use and its associated behaviors are among the most common reasons for medical treatment and disciplinary infractions among college students. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of students who had recent serious alcohol-related incidents and to identify predictors of motivation to change alcohol use and heavy drinking in particular, with specific attention to gender.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Students (N = 227; 52% female) who had been mandated to attend a session of alcohol education following alcohol-related medical treatment and/or a disciplinary infraction were assessed on their alcohol use, alcohol problems, characteristics of their alcohol-related incident, reactions to the incident, attributions about the incident, and motivation to change drinking and heavy drinking. Path and regression analyses were used to identify the individual and incident-related characteristics that were related to motivation to change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Perceived aversiveness of the incident was directly and positively related to motivation to change drinking and heavy drinking. Alcohol consumption in the month before the incident and past-year alcohol problems were negatively related to motivation to change heavy drinking, and women were more motivated to change heavy drinking than men. The more students consumed in the incident, the more likely they were to feel responsible for it, and the more responsible they felt about the incident, the greater its aversiveness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individual and incident-related characteristics are both directly and indirectly associated with motivation to change following an alcohol-related incident, and therefore have implications for interventions with college drinkers who have experienced an alcohol-related incident.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26150438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Friday class and heavy alcohol use in a sample of New Zealand college students.","authors":"Mallie J Paschall,&nbsp;Kypros Kypri,&nbsp;Robert F Saltz","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the association between scheduling at least one Friday class and the pattern and levels of alcohol use and heavy drinking in a sample of New Zealand college students.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Two waves of survey data were collected from 866 college students in New Zealand in the first and second semesters of the 2000 academic year. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between scheduling Friday class in the second semester, levels of alcohol use and heavy drinking in the past month, and alcohol use on different weeknights. We hypothesized that (1) heavier-drinking students would be less likely to schedule any Friday classes, (2) having at least one Friday class would be inversely related to concurrent alcohol use and heavy drinking when adjusting for potential confounders, and (3) having Friday class would be inversely related to alcohol use and heavy drinking on Thursdays and prior week- nights.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis results supported the hypothesis that heavier- drinking students would be less likely to schedule Friday classes but did not support the hypothesis that scheduling at least one Friday class would be inversely related to concurrent alcohol use and heavy drinking when adjusting for potential confounders. Having Friday class also was not associated with typical drinking on Thursday or Friday, but having Friday class was inversely associated with Thursday as the biggest drinking day when controlling for background variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings of this study indicate that heavier-drinking students are less likely to schedule Friday classes. Scheduling at least one Friday class may reduce the likelihood of heavy drinking on Thursdays but may have no effect on the overall levels of alcohol use and heavy drinking among college students.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26150439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of alcohol dependence and posttraumatic stress disorder on cold pressor task response.","authors":"Kathleen T Brady,&nbsp;Angela E Waldrop,&nbsp;Aimee L McRae,&nbsp;Sudie E Back,&nbsp;Michael E Saladin,&nbsp;Himanshu P Upadhyaya,&nbsp;Raymond F Anton,&nbsp;Patrick K Randall","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is commonly comorbid with alcohol-use disorders. Abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response are common in both disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate HPA axis reactivity to the cold pressor task (CPT) among individuals with alcohol dependence, PTSD, and comorbid alcohol dependence and PTSD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 119 individuals with alcohol dependence only (n = 31), comorbid alcohol dependence and PTSD (n = 28), PTSD without alcohol dependence (n = 30), and a control group (n = 30). Subjective response, adrenal corticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol were measured before, immediately after, and for 120 minutes after each subject completed the CPT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant group and gender differences found in the subjective and ACTH response, with significantly higher subjective stress ratings and decreased ACTH response in the alcohol-dependent, PTSD, and comorbid alcohol dependent-PTSD groups compared with the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There were differences in the HPA axis and subjective response to the CPT between the control group and both the alcohol and PTSD groups. The HPA response in the comorbid alcohol-PTSD group was not significantly different than that of the alcohol-only or PTSD-only groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.700","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26148273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric disorders in a sample of repeat impaired-driving offenders.","authors":"Sandra C Lapham,&nbsp;Janet C'de Baca,&nbsp;Garnett P McMillan,&nbsp;Jodi Lapidus","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was conducted to assess alcohol- and drug-use disorders and other psychiatric disorders in a sample of repeat driving under the influence (DUI) offenders.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We interviewed offenders to estimate lifetime and 12-month prevalence of psychiatric disorders as designated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (alcohol and drug abuse and dependence, major depressive or dysthymic disorder, bipolar disorder, post- traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], and obsessive-compulsive disorder). The offenders interviewed (385 men, 74 women) were those who had been adjudicated in the Multnomah County, OR, Driving Under the Influence of Intoxicants Intensive Supervision Program. Psychiatric diagnoses were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of respondents (53.8%) were alcohol dependent. Sixty-five percent of men and 79.7% of women had at least one lifetime disorder comorbid with alcohol abuse or dependence. The most prevalent lifetime non-substance-use disorder was major depressive or dysthymic disorder (30.9%) followed by PTSD (15.3%). Approximately 40% of subjects reported meeting criteria for lifetime nonalcohol drug abuse for at least one drug type, and 30% were drug dependent for at least one drug type; overall, 54% of all offenders had drug abuse or dependence disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Assessment and treatment services for repeat alcohol-impaired driving offenders should be sufficiently comprehensive to provide care for drug-use disorders and other psychiatric problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.707","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26148274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}