Journal of studies on alcohol最新文献

{"title":"A multidimensional developmental model of alcohol use during emerging adulthood.","authors":"Karen J Auerbach,&nbsp;Linda M Collins","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Longitudinal analyses identified unique multidimensional classes of alcohol use and examined individuals' movement among these classes during emerging adulthood.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Latent transition analysis was used to identify a developmental model of alcohol use incorporating four aspects of use: use in the past year, frequency of use, quantity of use, and heavy episodic drinking. Participants were drawn from the Reducing Risk in Young Adult Transitions study (N = 1,143). Participants' alcohol use was assessed at mean ages of 18.5, 20.5, and 22.5 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Through exploratory analysis, a five-class developmental model was identified as the best description of participants' alcohol use between ages 18.5 and 22.5 years. This model consisted of five multidimensional alcohol-use latent variables: no use, occasional low use, occasional high use, frequent high use, and frequent high use with heavy episodic drinking. Analyses provided information regarding the proportion of participants in each latent class in the model at each measurement occasion and patterns of participants' movement among latent classes during the observed age period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although alcohol use increased overall for study participants between ages 18.5 and 22.5, participants in lower-level alcohol-use latent classes were more likely to remain in low-level latent classes over time, and participants in moderate- and high-level latent classes were more likely to be in the frequent high use with heavy episodic drinking latent class over time. Implications for the prevention of heavy episodic drinking are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.917","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26326773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One small step for manuals: Computer-assisted training in twelve-step facilitation.","authors":"Diane E Sholomskas,&nbsp;Kathleen M Carroll","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The burgeoning number of empirically validated therapies has not been met with systematic evaluation of practical, inexpensive means of teaching large numbers of clinicians to use these treatments effectively. An interactive, computer-assisted training program that sought to impart skills associated with the Project MATCH (Matching Alcoholism Treatments to Client Heterogeneity) Twelve-Step Facilitation (TSF) manual was developed to address this need.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty-five community-based substance use-treatment clinicians were randomized to one of two training conditions: (1) access to the computer- assisted training program plus the TSF manual or (2) access to the manual only. The primary outcome measure was change from preto posttraining in the clinicians' ability to demonstrate key TSF skills.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data suggested that the clinicians' ability to implement TSF, as assessed by independent ratings of adherence and skill for the key TSF interventions, was significantly higher after training for those who had access to the computerized training condition than those who were assigned to the manual-only condition. Those assigned to the computer-assisted training condition also demonstrated greater gains in a knowledge test assessing familiarity with concepts presented in the TSF manual.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Computer-based training may be a feasible and effective means of training larger numbers of clinicians in empirically supported, manual-guided therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.939","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26326776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increases in alcohol and marijuana use during the transition out of high school into emerging adulthood: The effects of leaving home, going to college, and high school protective factors.","authors":"Helene Raskin White,&nbsp;Barbara J McMorris,&nbsp;Richard F Catalano,&nbsp;Charles B Fleming,&nbsp;Kevin P Haggerty,&nbsp;Robert D Abbott","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the effects of leaving home and going to college on changes in the frequency of alcohol use, heavy episodic drinking, and marijuana use shortly after leaving high school. We also examined how protective factors in late adolescence predict post-high school substance use and moderate the effects of leaving home and going to college.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data came from subjects (N = 319; 53% male) interviewed at the end of 12th grade and again approximately 6 months later, as part of the Raising Healthy Children project.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Leaving home and going to college were significantly related to increases in the frequency of alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking from high school to emerging adulthood but not to changes in marijuana use. Having fewer friends who used each substance protected against increases in the frequency of alcohol use, heavy episodic drinking, and marijuana use. Higher religiosity protected against increases in alcohol-and marijuana-use frequency. Higher parental monitoring protected against increases in heavy episodic drinking and moderated the effect of going to college on marijuana use. Lower sensation seeking lessened the effect of going to college on increases in alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To prevent increases in substance use in emerging adulthood, interventions should concentrate on strengthening prosocial involvement and parental monitoring during high school. In addition, youths with high sensation seeking might be targeted for added intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.810","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26326892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol consumption and symptoms of depression in young adults from 20 countries.","authors":"Katie O'Donnell,&nbsp;Jane Wardle,&nbsp;Cécile Dantzer,&nbsp;Andrew Steptoe","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine whether the nonlinear association between alcohol and depressive symptoms observed in middle-aged and older men and women is present in young adults and is independent of culture, socioeconomic position, and health status.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were from the International Health and Behaviour Survey, involving 6,932 male and 8,816 female university students ages 17-30 years from 20 countries. Alcohol consumption was assessed in terms of number of drinks per week and number of drinks per episode, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered. Analyses were adjusted for clustering by country.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of respondents with elevated BDI scores was 19.3%, 16.3%, and 20.0% for nondrinkers, moderate drinkers, and heavy drinkers, respectively. The odds of elevated BDI scores for nondrinkers compared with moderate drinkers were 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.42) after adjusting for age, gender, living arrangements, socioeconomic status, and self-rated health. Analysis based on the number of alcoholic drinks consumed in the past 2 weeks indicated that, in comparison with those who consumed 5-13 drinks, the odds of elevated BDI scores for nondrinkers were 1.25 (CI: 1.02-1.53) after adjusting for the same covariates. Heavy drinkers also had higher BDI scores than moderate consumers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that the \"U\"-shaped association between alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms previously identified in Western countries is present in young people from a variety of cultural backgrounds. The relationship is not secondary to variations in health status, socioeconomic background, age, and gender.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26326307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Premenstrual symptomatology, alcohol consumption, and family history of alcoholism in women with premenstrual syndrome.","authors":"Dace S Svikis,&nbsp;Donna R Miles,&nbsp;Nancy A Haug,&nbsp;Bridget Perry,&nbsp;Rudolf Hoehn-Saric,&nbsp;Daniel McLeod","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among family history of alcoholism (FH), premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms, and alcohol consumption in women with a PMS diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants (N = 46) were predominantly white (73%) women, of whom 17 (37%) reported multigenerational alcoholism on the paternal side (FH positive [FH+]) using the Family Alcohol and Drug Survey. Subjects recorded alcohol consumption and PMS symptoms using a daily record form for 3 consecutive months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Demographics and alcohol consumption during the follicular phase (FOL) and premenstrual phase (PREM) of the menstrual cycle did not differ by FH; however, change in drinking from FOL to PREM was greater in FH+ (mean change = 2.78 drinks/week) versus FH negative (FH-; mean change = -0.72 drinks/week) women. During PREM, FH- women reported more PMS symptomatology compared with FH+ women, and alcohol consumption during PREM was positively correlated with ratings of bloating, craving for alcohol, craving for food, and low energy in FH- but not FH+ women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although FH+ women increased their drinking premenstrually, such use was unrelated to PMS symptom severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26326306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of alcohol consumption on emergency department services use among injured patients: A cross-national emergency room study.","authors":"Cheryl J Cherpitel,&nbsp;Yu Ye,&nbsp;Jason Bond,&nbsp;Jürgen Rehm,&nbsp;Mariana Cremonte,&nbsp;Otilia Neves,&nbsp;Jacek Moskalewicz,&nbsp;Grazyna Swiatkiewicz,&nbsp;Norman Giesbrecht","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although injured patients in the emergency department (ED) report more frequent use of the ED compared with the general population, and alcohol-related admissions and chronic alcohol misuse have been found to be predictive of future ED admissions, these data are based on only a few U.S. studies. The purpose of this article was to explore the association of alcohol use and ED services use among injured patients cross-nationally.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Binary and multinomial logistic regression were used to analyze the association of alcohol consumption with prior ED visits among 9,743 injured patients surveyed in 37 EDs in 14 countries and reported in 23 studies from the combined Emergency Room Collaborative Alcohol Analysis Project (ERCAAP) and World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Alcohol and Injuries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Drinking within 6 hours before injury was associated with prior ED visits during the last 12 months (odds ratio = 1.25, p < .05), with a positive dose-response relationship. Heavy drinkers and those drinkers who were alcohol-dependent were also significantly more likely to report multiple prior ED visits, reflecting an elevated burden of services use. At the ED level, stigmatization of alcohol use was the only significant contextual variable that consistently predicted cross-ED variation in the relationship between drinking and ED use, in which the association was weaker in areas where alcohol use is less accepted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study lends additional support to the potential effectiveness of screening for acute and chronic alcohol use among ED injured patients to reduce ED services use and associated costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.890","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26326313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of the performance of the self-rating of the effects of alcohol questionnaire in 12- and 35-year-old subjects.","authors":"Marc A Schuckit,&nbsp;Tom L Smith,&nbsp;Andrea Waylen,&nbsp;Jeremy Horwood,&nbsp;George P Danko,&nbsp;Joseph R Hibbeln,&nbsp;John M Davis,&nbsp;Juliann Pierson","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A low level of response (LR) to alcohol was originally established through evidence of less alcohol-related change in several parameters at a given blood alcohol level. This is a genetically influenced phenotype associated with an increased risk for alcoholism. When measured by a retrospective questionnaire (the Self-Rating of the Effects of Alcohol [SRE] scale), a lower LR (here indicated by a report that more drinks were historically needed for various effects) correlates with a family history of alcoholism and numerous alcohol use-related variables. The current analyses address the questions of how higher SRE scores (as indicators of a low LR) relate to alcohol use and problems across different age groups and when considered in the context of demography (e.g., age, gender, and weight), as well as the number of items endorsed on the questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>SRE data (scores and numbers of items endorsed), demography, and alcohol-related variables (quantity, frequency, and problems) were evaluated in two populations. The first population included 334 12-year-old children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, and the second included more than 400 35-year-old men from the San Diego Prospective Study. In each group, Pearson correlations were established among all variables, and items that were significantly linked to alcohol-related outcomes were entered into regression analyses as predictors of these outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both samples, SRE scores correlated with all alcohol-related outcomes, with the highest values for the maximum quantity of alcohol consumed. Relationships between the SRE score and alcohol-related variables remained robust in both populations when entered into regression analyses incorporating demography and the number of SRE items answered by subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SRE score appears to perform relatively similarly across the two populations regarding relationships with alcohol quantity, frequency, and problems. The most consistent results were observed for the maximum quantity of alcohol consumed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26326308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memory and perseveration on a win-stay, lose-shift task in rats exposed neonatally to alcohol.","authors":"Matthew C Bell,&nbsp;Edward P Riley","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>It is important to understand the relationship between perseverative responding resulting from perinatal exposure to alcohol and potential underlying causes, including attention, memory, or response-inhibition problems. The present study was designed to examine the relationship between perseveration and memory.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Rats exposed neonatally to 6 g/kg/day alcohol from postnatal day (PD) 4 through PD 9 using an artificial rearing technique (n = 8) were compared with an artificially reared gastrostomy control group (n = 8) and a suckle control group (n = 8). Activity levels were assessed from PD 18-21. Beginning on PD 45, subjects were deprived of food and responded for food on a two-lever win-stay, lose-shift task in which reinforcement probability was a function of reinforcement delivery on the previous trial. If reinforcement was delivered, only a response on the same lever (stay) was reinforced. If reinforcement was not delivered, only a response on the opposite lever (shift) was reinforced. Effective responding depended on subjects remembering whether a reinforcer was delivered on the preceding trial. The intertrial interval varied across conditions (5 seconds or 60 seconds).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Alcohol-exposed rats showed increased activity during activity testing but did not differ from controls on win-stay, lose-shift accuracy. All groups showed a performance decrease at longer intertrial intervals. Alcohol-exposed rats showed increased lever pressing during the intertrial interval compared with suckle control rats but not with gastrostomy control rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Choice behavior was comparable for all groups on the win-stay, lose-shift task, indicating that memory, as assessed by this task, was not differentially affected by alcohol exposure. Alcohol-exposed rats responded more during the intertrial interval compared with suckle controls, suggesting increased activity without increased response inhibition. The win-stay, lose-shift procedure is a potentially useful tool for separating simple activity level effects, memory-related effects, and response-inhibition effects. This study also highlights the need for additional research describing the relationship between perseverative responding and underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.851","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26326309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of alcohol taxation on liver cirrhosis mortality.","authors":"William R Ponicki,&nbsp;Paul J Gruenewald","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.934","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of distilled spirits, wine, and beer taxes on cirrhosis mortality using a large-panel data set and statistical models that control for various other factors that may affect that mortality.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000The analyses were performed on a panel of 30 U.S. license states during the period 1971-1998 (N = 840 state-by-year observations). Exogenous measures included current and lagged versions of beverage taxes and income, as well as controls for states' age distribution, religion, race, health care availability, urbanity, tourism, and local bans on alcohol sales. Regression analyses were performed using random-effects models with corrections for serial autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity among states.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Cirrhosis rates were found to be significantly related to taxes on distilled spirits but not to taxation of wine and beer. Consistent results were found using different statistical models and model specifications.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Consistent with prior research, cirrhosis mortality in the United States appears more closely linked to consumption of distilled spirits than to that of other alcoholic beverages.","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26326775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to paternal alcoholism does not predict development of alcohol-use disorders in offspring: evidence from an offspring-of-twins study.","authors":"Alexis E Duncan,&nbsp;Jeffrey Scherrer,&nbsp;Qiang Fu,&nbsp;Kathleen Keenan Bucholz,&nbsp;Andrew C Heath,&nbsp;William R True,&nbsp;Jon R Haber,&nbsp;Donelle Howell,&nbsp;Theodore Jacob","doi":"10.15288/jsa.2006.67.649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Using an offspring-of-twins design, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to paternal alcoholism during the child's first 12 years will increase offspring risk for subsequent alcohol-use disorders (AUD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Structured psychiatric interviews assessed history of psychiatric and substance-use disorders in Vietnam Era Twin Registry fathers (n = 512), their offspring (n = 877), and mothers of the offspring (n = 507). Exposure was defined as the fathers' endorsement of any Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), Fourth Edition, AUD symptom, according to the Lifetime Drinking History assessment (administered in 1999), at any time between off- spring ages 0-12 years; all fathers had satisfied DSM, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R), criteria for alcohol dependence in a 1992 diagnostic interview. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to predict time to first symptom of abuse/dependence in offspring.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Off- spring exposed to paternal alcoholism were significantly more likely to develop an AUD when compared with offspring of nonalcoholic fathers (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10-2.07). Although offspring unexposed to paternal alcoholism did not significantly differ from control offspring (HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 0.93-2.41), the magnitude of association was similar to that in the exposed offspring. There were no significant differences in AUD between offspring of alcoholics who were exposed and those who were not exposed to paternal alcoholism, as long as fathers had satisfied DSM-III-R criteria for alcohol dependence at some point in their lives.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There does not appear to be a relationship between exposure to paternal alcoholism during childhood and development of an AUD in offspring. Genetic and high-risk environmental factors that are correlated with lifetime paternal alcoholism may be stronger predictors of offspring AUD than fathers' problem drinking. Future research should be encouraged, using more comprehensive analyses, to examine the role of family genetic influences and other family environmental influences on offspring alcohol outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of studies on alcohol","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15288/jsa.2006.67.649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26148967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}