Journal of Sleep Research最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity Patterns Distinguish Neurobiological Substrates of Narcolepsy Type 1 and Idiopathic Hypersomnia: Potential Biomarkers From Resting-State fMRI.","authors":"Wang Mengmeng, Zhang Haodong, Fan Chongyang, Dong Xiaosong, Han Fang, Karen Spruyt, Xiao Fulong","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70209","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsr.70209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to explore dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) differences between narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), idiopathic hypersomnia (IH), and healthy controls (HCs), and evaluate the potential of dFNC as a neurobiological marker for differentiating these hypersomnolent disorders. We recruited 50 drug-naive NT1 patients, 31 IH patients, and 50 HCs. Resting-state fMRI data were acquired, and intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) were identified using group independent component analysis (ICA), yielding 10 networks (e.g., visual network [VIN], auditory network [AUN], sensorimotor network [SMN], default mode network [DMN]). dFNC was analysed via sliding-window and k-means clustering to identify recurring functional connectivity states, and temporal properties (fractional windows, mean dwell time [MDT]) were compared across groups. Machine learning models (support vector machine, random forest [RF], logistic regression) were constructed using state-specific functional connectivity (FC) features to distinguish NT1 and IH. Five distinct FNC states were identified. State II (39% of windows, sparse connectivity with strengthened DMN/SMN/VIN coupling) was more prevalent in NT1 (47.68% ± 34.5%) than in IH (37.07% ± 28.73%) or HCs (31.32% ± 23.67%). Conversely, State I (33% of windows, sparse ICN connectivity) was less frequent in NT1 (13.24% ± 22.04%) versus IH (39.14% ± 35.92%) and HCs (49.28% ± 30.42%). NT1 also showed longer MDT in State II and shorter MDT in State I compared to IH and HCs (p < 0.05, ANOVA with post hoc tests FDR corrected). FC features in State I and II (notably AUN-VIN and SMN-VIN) effectively distinguished NT1 and IH, with the RF model achieving an AUC of 0.9 in State II. These findings reveal distinct dFNC patterns in NT1 and IH, reflecting divergent perturbations in sleep-wake regulatory circuits, particularly involving VIN, which may underpin their neurobiological heterogeneity. dFNC holds promise as a biomarker for differentiating these disorders, with VIN-centered connectivity emerging as a key discriminative feature.</p>","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint Trajectories of Insomnia Severity and Quality of Life Among Adults in Opioid Use Disorder Treatment: A Longitudinal Study With Parallel Process Latent Growth Curve Modelling.","authors":"Ariel Hoadley, Anju Felix, Salome Hailu, Jennifer D Ellis, Justin C Strickland, Jill A Rabinowitz, David Wolinsky, Martin Hochheimer, J Gregory Hobelmann, Andrew S Huhn","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70160","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsr.70160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep health is related to quality of life (QOL) in the general population, yet less is known about the trajectories of sleep and QOL during opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment. This study examined the joint trajectories of insomnia severity and QOL during the first 4 weeks of OUD treatment and tested predictors of the growth trajectories. Adults (N = 1607) in supervised withdrawal or residential OUD treatment completed surveys weekly for 4 weeks. Kruskal-Wallis tests and correlations examined differences in insomnia and QOL at intake by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. An unconditional parallel process growth model examined the joint trajectories of sleep and QOL, and time-invariant covariates were added to a conditional growth model. In the unconditional growth model, insomnia and QOL were inversely related at intake (p < 0.001). Greater insomnia at intake was associated with more pronounced increases in QOL (p = 0.020), but QOL at intake did not predict changes in insomnia. Increases in insomnia severity were associated with worsening of QOL (p < 0.001). Patients who were younger (p = 0.020) and unemployed (p = 0.048) had greater improvements in insomnia, and patients who were younger (p = 0.001) and started treatment in a supervised withdrawal setting (p = 0.002) had greater improvements in QOL. Sleep quality and QOL are modifiable, so understanding their joint trajectories during OUD treatment can help improve quality of care and recovery. Targeting sleep disturbances early in treatment may support overall well-being and improve recovery outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144707899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrophage Migratory Inhibitory Factor May Contribute to the Production of Nitric Oxide in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.","authors":"Risaki Kawachi, Yoshiki Kobayashi, Hisashi Ooka, Akira Kanda, Mikiya Asako, Masao Yagi, Hiroshi Iwai","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70176","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsr.70176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), repeated airway obstruction alters mucosal inflammation, which increases exhaled nitric oxide (NO) production in the nasal cavity. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Accordingly, we aimed to examine the mechanism underlying NO production in patients with OSA. We included eight patients with moderate-to-severe OSA who underwent continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Nasal cavity NO levels were measured before and after CPAP; additionally, the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the supernatants of nasal mucosal samples and mRNA expression of inflammation-related molecules in epithelial cells were analysed. Additionally, we examined changes in inflammation-related molecules following stimulation of airway epithelial cells with the aforementioned supernatants and after CPAP treatment. Consistent with previous reports, nasal cavity NO levels improved after the introduction of CPAP therapy. There was a significant post-treatment decrease in the levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factors (MIF) in the nasal mucosal cavity. Additionally, there was a post-treatment increase in mRNA expression of SIRT1, as well as decreased mRNA expression of HIF-1α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), in nasal mucosal epithelial cells. Similar results were obtained in airway epithelial cells stimulated with supernatants from nasal mucosal samples. Furthermore, airway epithelial cells stimulated with recombinant MIF showed decreased SIRT1 expression, as well as increased HIF-1α and iNOS expression. This study describes local inflammatory changes in the nasal mucosa of patients with OSA, suggesting that MIF is involved in NO production. Appropriate therapeutic intervention with CPAP can effectively control this inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalised Sleep Prehabilitation: Unpacking the Components and Confounders.","authors":"Christian Messina","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70249","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsr.70249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145489010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial Emotion Recognition in Children With Narcolepsy Type 1.","authors":"Marco Veneruso, Paola Del Sette, Ramona Cordani, Antonella Barbieri, Lorenzo Chiarella, Serena Lecce, Cristina Venturino, Salvatore Lo Cascio, Francesco Biscarini, Fabio Pizza, Lino Nobili, Giuseppe Plazzi","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70191","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsr.70191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Narcolepsy type 1 is a neurological disorder typically emerging in childhood or adolescence, characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy and rapid eye movement sleep-related symptoms. Beyond its core features, increasing evidence suggests an impact on socio-cognitive development, including difficulties in understanding others' mental states. In this study, we aimed to clarify whether such impairments extend to more basic emotional processes. We expanded previous work on Theory of Mind by including an analysis of facial emotion recognition and comparing children with narcolepsy type 1 to a newly recruited group of typically developing peers. Twenty-two children with narcolepsy type 1 and twenty-two age- and sex-matched controls completed standardised tasks assessing Theory of Mind and facial emotion recognition. Results confirmed a significant impairment in Theory of Mind among children with narcolepsy compared to controls. In contrast, no differences emerged in facial emotion recognition, suggesting a selective disruption in higher-order socio-cognitive processes. Additionally, greater daytime sleepiness was associated with poorer Theory of Mind performance, but not with emotion recognition accuracy. These results indicate a specific vulnerability in social understanding during the development of type 1 narcolepsy, probably aggravated by narcoleptic symptoms. However, facial emotion recognition is not affected in these patients, suggesting the involvement of different networks. Early identification of these difficulties and targeted interventions may be crucial to support peer relationships and long-term psychosocial outcomes in affected children.</p>","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13003265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rest-Activity Rhythms and Cognition in Older Adults With and Without Insomnia.","authors":"Miranda G Chappel-Farley, Zhiwei Zhao, Christine W Johnston, Shuo Chen, Avelino C Verceles, Valerie E Rogers, Daniel J Buysse, Emerson M Wickwire, Kristine A Wilckens","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70175","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsr.70175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insomnia is associated with risk for cognitive deficits. However, the literature assessing cognitive impairments in insomnia is replete with conflicting findings; it is unclear whether individuals with insomnia exhibit impaired cognition or whether specific sleep features consistently predict cognitive performance in insomnia. Disturbance in rest-activity rhythms may be more directly associated with cognitive deficits in insomnia. In a sample of older adults with (n = 30) and without insomnia (n = 33), we examined (1) whether insomnia diagnosis was associated with differences in rest-activity rhythms and cognition, and (2) whether rest-activity rhythms were associated with cognition across domains. We used a remote comprehensive cognitive battery to test four domains of cognition: attention, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and episodic memory. Compared to older adults without insomnia, older adults with insomnia exhibited attenuated rest-activity rhythms, indicated by lower relative amplitude (F _1,59 = 6.96, p = 0.01) with greater activity during the rest period (F _1,59 = 7.96, p = 0.01). No group differences were found in cognition. Better attention performance was associated with greater amplitude (relative amplitude: β = -0.38, p = 0.02; amplitude: β = -0.45, p = 0.01), activity (M10: β = -0.38, p = 0.01) and less fragmentation of rest-activity rhythms (intradaily variability: β = 0.34, p = 0.03), irrespective of insomnia diagnosis. No other cognitive domains were associated with rest-activity rhythms. Future studies should develop and test interventions to improve rest-activity rhythms and cognitive outcomes in older adults with and without insomnia.</p>","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":"35 2","pages":"e70175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13003282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147486413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Self-Reported Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Are Associated With 5-Year All-Cause Mortality Risk Among Veterans.","authors":"Katherine G Bay, Arash Maghsoudi, Amin Ramezani, Drew A Helmer, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Javad Razjouyan","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70168","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsr.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is linked to adverse clinical outcomes. This study evaluated changes in a validated tool to assess EDS, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and mortality risk. This retrospective cohort study included Veterans receiving sleep-related services in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) from October 4, 1999 to August 18, 2018, with two qualifying ESS measures. ESS values were extracted from patient notes using a validated natural language processing (NLP) pipeline (96% accuracy). ESS scores were categorised as Normal (0-10) or Abnormal (11-24). Patients were grouped based on ESS changes: Normal-Normal, Normal-Abnormal, Abnormal-Abnormal and Abnormal-Normal. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for time, age, sex, race and comorbid conditions assessed the risk of 5-year all-cause mortality. Among 17,967 qualifying Veterans (mean age: 56.3 (SD 13.5) years), 11.75% died within 5 years of the second ESS measure. At baseline, 9342 (52.0%) had EDS, for whom 2232 (12.4%) improved to normal by the second exam (Abnormal-Normal). The Normal-Abnormal group had a 25% higher adjusted all-cause mortality risk within 5 years (aHR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.44) compared to the Normal-Normal group, with progressively increasing risk after age 55. In contrast, neither persistent abnormal sleepiness (Abnormal-Abnormal) nor improvement from abnormal to normal (Abnormal-Normal) was associated with significantly different mortality risk compared to the Normal-Normal group. ESS can efficiently identify EDS, which may serve as a clinical marker for 5-year all-cause mortality risk, particularly among Veterans seeking VHA sleep services aged 55 and older.</p>","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12496456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Association of Sleep Profiles With Plasma Glycaemic Outcomes and 24-h Interstitial Glucose Levels in Adults With Prediabetes: Findings From Chrono-DM Study.","authors":"Guey Yong Chong, Satvinder Kaur, Ruzita Abd Talib, See Ling Loy, Hui Yin Tan, Rosmiza Binti Abdullah, Hanisah Binti Mahmud, Woan Yie Siah, Chee Cheong Kee, Hui Chin Koo","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70218","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsr.70218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep profiles, including chronotype, sleep duration and sleep-wake time, may affect glycaemic outcomes. However, their associations with plasma glycaemic outcomes and 24-h interstitial glucose levels in individuals with prediabetes remains ambiguous. This study aimed to examine the association between sleep profiles and glycaemic outcomes in adults with prediabetes. Chronotype was assessed using the Malay-translated Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Glycaemic outcomes, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose (2hPPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and 24-h glucose profiles derived from seven-day continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Generalised linear models and generalised estimating equations were used and adjusting for potential confounders. A total of 120 participants (mean age: 54 ± 15 years) were categorised as morning (18.4%), intermediate (60.8%) or evening (20.8%) chronotypes. Evening chronotypes demonstrated greater weekday-weekend discrepancy in awake time (0.7 h [±1.1 h]), indicating higher social jet lag. Each additional hour of jet lag in awake time was associated with a 0.28 mmol/L reduction in 2hPPG levels (95% CI: -0.49, -0.08), reflecting compensatory catch-up sleep on weekends. Longer sleep time was positively associated more time spent within the target glucose range (3.9-7.8 mmol/L) (β: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.06, 1.10), while evening chronotype showed higher 24-h mean glucose levels (β: 0.65 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.22, 1.12). Evening chronotype and shorter sleep duration were associated with adverse glycaemic outcomes, while the unexpected inverse association between awake-time jet lag and 2hPPG may reflect short-term catch-up sleep rather than a protective effect. These findings highlight the importance of addressing sleep regularity in lifestyle interventions for prediabetes management.</p>","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145286495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Effect of a Sleep Prehabilitation Intervention in Patients Awaiting Elective Surgery: Protocol for a Single-Blind Randomised Trial.","authors":"Daniel Sibley, Ian Randall, S Nicole Culos-Reed, P Maxwell Slepian, Mandeep Singh, Daniel Santa Mina","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70173","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsr.70173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adequate sleep health is critical for surgical recovery. Disrupted sleep can impede wound healing and cognitive performance and contribute to poor surgical outcomes. Preoperative intervention aimed at improving surgical outcomes is often referred to as prehabilitation and commonly uses exercise, nutrition or psychological intervention. Sleep prehabilitation interventions have not yet been studied. This randomised assessor-blinded trial will measure the effect of a personalised sleep prehabilitation (PSP) intervention in addition to standard of care prehabilitation (PREHAB) on participant sleep health compared to PREHAB alone (Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT06762639). One hundred fifty-four English-speaking patients from the University Health Network's Prehabilitation Program with sleep disturbance and a surgery within 4-12 weeks will be recruited. Patients will be excluded if they are participating in PREHAB remotely, have an existing sleep disorder, are a shift worker, have travel plans outside of their usual time zone or have a cognitive disability that precludes participation. Study assessments occur at baseline, 1 week before surgery and 6 weeks after surgery. PREHAB consists of individualised exercise and nutrition support as well as psychological intervention. The PSP consists of a baseline sleep assessment, brief behavioural treatment for insomnia (BBTI), sleep hygiene and behaviour-change support. The primary outcome is the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The primary analysis will be an ANCOVA to detect differences in PSQI between groups 1 week before surgery whilst controlling for baseline scores. The proposed study will be the first to explore the effect of a personalised preoperative sleep intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13003284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation on Sleep and Cognition in Patients With Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Monique E H Valk-Geuke, Gert J Geurtsen, Rob M A de Bie, Rick Schuurman, Martijn Beudel, Esmée Verwijk","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70193","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsr.70193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep-wake disturbances and cognitive decline are among the most common nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) can successfully alleviate motor symptoms. However, the impact on sleep-wake disturbances and cognitive decline, and their interaction, is yet unclear. We aim to investigate changes in and interaction between subjective sleep and cognition following DBS. We performed a study on data from the Amsterdam-PD-DBS database with assessments at baseline and at 6 months post-operative. Subjective sleep was assessed with the sleep and sleepiness items of the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Cognition was assessed with neuropsychological tests for the domains of language, processing speed, executive functioning, and memory. Three hundred and sixty-five PD patients were included. Subjective sleep and sleepiness significantly improved after DBS. The proportion of patients with clinically relevant sleep disturbances dropped significantly from 76.4% to 50.1% (p < 0.001). Significant declines were observed in verbal fluency (p < 0.001, p = 0.005), processing speed (p < 0.001), and executive function (p < 0.001, p = 0.013), while delayed memory showed a significant improvement (p = 0.025). Significant associations were found for reduction in sleepiness and less decline in category fluency (p = 0.014) while no significant relationship between changes in sleep and changes in cognitive outcomes was present. This study provides strong evidence for the beneficial effects of DBS on sleep and sleepiness. No evidence was found for an association between reduction in subjective sleep disturbances following DBS and change in cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13003266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}