The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State最新文献_第2页

Gender 性别

The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State Pub Date : 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.20

A. Orloff, Marie Laperrière

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Religion 宗教

The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State Pub Date : 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.21

Kees van Kersbergen, P. Manow

{"title":"Religion","authors":"Kees van Kersbergen, P. Manow","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.21","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the impact of religion on welfare state development in Europe, North America, and the Antipodes. In one perspective, religion is seen as a cultural force: the tenets of the Christian doctrines have strongly influenced the notions of social justice on which modern social policies were built. Varying ethical principles gave rise to different institutional forms of distribution, redistribution, and social protection and to different demands for social security, which ultimately translated into distinctive economic and social outcomes. In another view, religion is seen as a political force: the social and political movements of organized religion, particularly Christian democracy and Catholic organizations, have shaped programmes of social reform and influenced social policy formation and outcomes.Both perspectives have major shortcoming and this chapter therefore promotes a re-specification of the link between religion and the welfare state to refine and improve upon the existing views. The new approach highlights the interplay between socio-economic (class) and religious (state–church) cleavages on the one hand, and electoral systems (majoritarian or proportional) on the other. In majoritarian systems, pro-welfare state political coalitions are less likely to emerge than in proportional systems. This explains the huge contrast between the Anglo-Saxon lean welfare states and the more generous welfare states in Europe. However, taking into account the difference in cleavage structures and the party systems between Nordic and continental Europe, the new approach also explains why the former developed more universal and generous welfare systems than the latter.","PeriodicalId":169986,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130994002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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From Welfare States to Planetary Well-Being 从福利国家到全球福祉

The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State Pub Date : 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.51

I. Gough

{"title":"From Welfare States to Planetary Well-Being","authors":"I. Gough","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.51","url":null,"abstract":"This final chapter concentrates on global environmental challenges to rich-country welfare states: climate breakdown and associated ecological disasters. These common threats add two new raison d’êtres for welfare states: first, that the security and equity they seek should be sustainable through time; second, that their scope is broadened to take account of global equity and well-being. With a few notable exceptions, these fundamental questions have been ignored in the social policy community. I argue here that we need to transform our understanding of social policy in four ways, each more difficult than the previous one. First, we need to develop novel eco-social programmes to tap synergies between well-being and sustainability via transformative investment programmes such as a Green New Deal. Second, we need to recompose consumption in rich countries in two ways: to realize the best principles of the welfare state by extending the range of universal basic services and to work towards a private ‘consumption corridor’ to end waste, meet basic needs, and reduce inequality. Third, we must develop strategies of ‘reduce and redistribute’ to adapt welfare systems for a future of slower, if not negative, economic growth. And finally, we need to develop a global equity framework to meet climatic and ecological threats in a globally just way that recognizes current international inequalities.","PeriodicalId":169986,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State","volume":"119 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114029977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intergovernmental Organizations 政府间组织

The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State Pub Date : 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579396.003.0021

K. Armingeon

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The Welfare State as Employer 福利国家作为雇主

The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State Pub Date : 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.27

Karin Gottschall, M. Tepe

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Globalization 全球化

The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State Pub Date : 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.25

Duane H. Swank

{"title":"Globalization","authors":"Duane H. Swank","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.25","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the theory and research on the historical and contemporary impacts of economic globalization on trajectories of national welfare states across the globe. It reviews the central contending theories that globalization’s social policy impacts are negative (the efficiency thesis) or positive (the compensation thesis). It also summarizes various contingency arguments such as the idea that globalization’s impacts are conditioned by national political economic institutions. As to extant research, it surveys comparative, quantitative studies on social impacts of the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century ‘first wave’ of globalization and of contemporary internationalization of markets in developed and developing political economies. The central findings of work on developed democracies are that during the first wave of globalization, and in the three decades after the Second World War, globalization was associated with increases in social protection against risks and transfers to losers of international competition (the compensation thesis); for recent decades, scholars lean towards the view that globalization is associated with modest retrenchments in social welfare provision. Substantial evidence also exists for the notion that these effects are contingent on domestic institutions. For developing nations, many studies show that international openness has been associated with cuts in core social insurance and welfare programmes and with increases in (or no effect on) education and health programmes. Studies also suggest that globalization’s social impacts are contingent on temporal context and domestic institutions. The chapter concludes with a discussion of promising new areas of inquiry on globalization and national welfare states in the twenty-first century.","PeriodicalId":169986,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State","volume":"302 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116254937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Post-War Welfare State Development 战后福利国家的发展

The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State Pub Date : 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.6

Frank Nullmeier, F. Kaufmann

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引用次数: 0

Social Expenditure and Welfare State Financing 社会支出和福利国家财政

The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State Pub Date : 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.26

Herbert Obinger

引用次数: 2

Social Investment 社会投资

The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State Pub Date : 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-28036-8_101398

Julian L. Garritzmann

引用次数: 0

Disciplinary Perspectives on Welfare States 福利国家的学科视角

The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State Pub Date : 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.13

Einar Øverbye

引用次数: 0