INCT-APA Annual Activity Report最新文献

{"title":"The Use of Ceramics Within the Signage Project in Hostile and Environmentally Protected Areas: The Keller Peninsula Case","authors":"Nicoli Ferraz, C. Álvarez, Mauro Pinheiro Rodrigues, Maria Regina Rodrigues","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132156021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular geochemical indicators of sewage input in the Antarctic coastal area (Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica)","authors":"C. Martins, L. M. M. Ceschim, Edna Wisnieski, S. N. Aguiar","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.010","url":null,"abstract":"Antarctica has been described as a pristine environment for many years. However, human presence has resulted in fossil fuel combustion, vehicular emissions, fuel spills in the marine and terrestrial environments and sewage waste discharged into the ocean. Currently, most Antarctic research stations (around 79 scientific centres) are located in coastal areas, and they release their untreated sewage containing domestic waste directly into the marine environment. A group of molecular tracers such as steroids and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) have been successfully used to investigate domestic waste discharges and faecal contamination in different regions, including Admiralty Bay, Antarctica (Martins et al., 2002; 2005). Coprostanol (5β-cholestan3β-ol) and coprostanone (5β-cholestan-3-one) have been widely used as faecal contamination markers because they are present in human faeces (Figure 1). Additionally, epicoprostanol (5β-cholestan-3β-ol) indicates the level of treatment of the faecal matter as it is formed during the extensive anaerobic sewage treatment of wastewaters (Figure 1). Also, LABs are present at levels from 1 to 3% in surfactants and detergents with linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LASs) due to incomplete sulfonation (Figure 2), and they are frequently discharged via sewage outfalls together with faecal matter. These compounds are usually preserved in the sediment, and can be used as molecular tracers of domestic wastes. The monitoring of environmental conditions, such as hydrocarbon levels (Martins et al., 2004; 2010) and PCBs, near the sewage discharge from the Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Research Station, located at Martel Inlet, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, has been carried out since the austral summer of 1996/97. The aim of this study is to evaluate the sewage contribution from Ferraz station to Admiralty Bay and to compare the historical trend reported in previous studies. This evaluation is based on the results of molecular geochemical indicators such as steroids and LABs from the upper layer of sediments sampled during the austral summers of 2009/10. In Antarctica, monitoring the extent of sewage pollution dispersal is essential as Antarctic Treaty signatory nations must conform to the Protocol on Environmental Protection. Admiralty Bay is the largest around King George Island. The bay area is an Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA), and the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) has recommended environmental studies on present-day conditions of the region. Most sampling sites were located near Ferraz station. This medium size station was established in the summer of 1984, and usually has a population of approximately 50 people during the summer. The sewage system receives intermediate primary and secondary treatment before being discharged through a short pipe (Figure 3) near the sea. The sewage treatment system has been in operation since the austral summer of 1995/96 and was designed to serve a population ","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132381326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticidal effects of Antarctic algae Prasiola crispa extract in the adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster","authors":"M. Nunes, T. Posser, Betina Kappel Pereira, C. A. D. Belo, A. Pereira, J. Franco","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.027","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the toxic effects of Prasiola crispa extract on a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) model. Methods: Toxicity was assessed as % mortality, negative geotaxis behavior and acetylcholine esterase (AchE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) activities as well as glutathione content (GSH) and hydroperoxide formation. Results and discussion: Administration of algae extract (2 mg/ml) to flies for 24 hours resulted in a massive increase in mortality (760 %, compared to control). It was also observed a significant increase in climbing performance, indicating an alteration in negative geotaxis behavior. The AchE activity was unchanged after algae extract treatment for 24 hours. However, GST activity was significantly increased after Prasiola crispa administration. The CAT activity was significantly decreased in flies that received algae extract for 24 hours. Glutathione levels and hydroperoxide formation remained unchanged. Our results show for the first time the toxic effects of an Antarctic algae extract in Drosophila melanogaster. Conclusion: The insecticide action of Prasiola crispa may be related to changes on vital antioxidant systems. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the exact mechanisms of toxicity of this Antarctic algae to Drosophila melanogaster.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116253756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finding Krill: Foraging Effort of Pygoscelis Antarcticus on Elephant Island","authors":"Fernanda C. L. Valls, L. Krüger, M. Petry","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.099","url":null,"abstract":": Penguins were tagged with geolocators to determine individual variations in the foraging habitat of the Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus) from a breeding group on Elephant Island. Th e Kernel Density showed two large foraging areas, with the highest centre of density at the north of the Island. Th ere is a diff erence in habitat between individuals, two individuals remained closer to the island, while two went farther, to the west and to the south. Chinstrap penguins are abundant seabirds that range widely across circumpolar regions. Understanding the foraging ecology of this specie is important for monitoring and ecosystem conservation and management.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116466314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agaricales (Basidiomycota) Fungi in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica","authors":"J. Putzke, M. T. Putzke, A. Pereira, M. P. D. Albuquerque","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.065","url":null,"abstract":": Fungi are the most important nutrient cycling organisms in any ecosystem, which is also the case in Antarctica. Among the species, the Agaricales (Basidiomycota), popularly known as mushroom has a reported presence in this continent, but with no monographic account done up to now. In fi eld trips to Antarctica and especially to the South Shetland Archipelago, we collected specimens during a period of 25 years of study of this order and reviewed specimens from other collections to present a systematic account of the order. Th e collecting and studying of samples was done according to the usual methods in Agaricales modern taxonomy and the material was deposited in the HCB herbarium. Th e study of collections permits the recognition of 9 species of Agaricales from the area. Leptoglossum lobatum, L. omnivorum and Simocybe antarctica were collected for the fi rst time in Elephant Island, Antarctica. Species are illustrated and a dichotomous key is proposed for the easy identifi cation.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114806716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WEATHER CONDITION ASSOCIATED WITH INFLUENCE OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE OVER SOUTH OF BRAZIL ON OCTOBER 21TH, 2011","authors":"L. Peres, Andre Passaglia Shuch, Vagner Anabor, D. Pinheiro, Nelson Jorge Shuch, N. Leme","doi":"10.4322/APA.2015.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2015.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124178502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NICHE OVERLAP OF SPHENISCIDAE ON ELEPHANT ISLAND, ANTARCTICA","authors":"Fernanda C. L. Valls, M. Petry","doi":"10.4322/APA.2015.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2015.005","url":null,"abstract":"Stomach content samples were collected from Gentoo Penguin and Chinstrap Penguin in order to analyze the diet and the niche overlap on Elephant Island, Antarctica. A total of 56 Gentoo Penguin samples and 71 Chinstrap Penguin samples were collected, during the two austral breeding seasons, 2010/11 and 2011/12, on the Stinker Point region. E. superba was the most abundant prey, (69% FO and 98% FO) for Gentoo and Chinstrap Penguin, respectively. Nine species of fish and one species of cephalopod, were identified by specific level. We observed a niche overlap of species, by the use of the same food resources, since these species occurs sympatrically in the same region. This study also demonstrated that the specific variation of trophic niches occupied by the species may be defined by the foraging behavior and by the selection of the food resources.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124183488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaccumulation of Potentially Toxic Trace Elements in Benthic Organisms from Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica","authors":"A. Majer, M. Petti, T. N. Corbisier, A. P. Ribeiro, C. Y. S. Theophilo, R. Figueira","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.077","url":null,"abstract":"e bioaccumulation of trace elements is de ned as the uptake of a chemical by an organism from the abiotic and/or biotic (food) environment, and is a widely observed and very important process considering the impact assessment of anthropogenic activities. In Antarctica the main local source of metal and metalloid is related to the activities of research stations. In order to verify the contribution of the Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctica Station (EACFPortuguese acronym, in continuity) in the accumulation of these elements, and to supply baseline values to allow future monitoring, the concentration of Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn was measured in twelve benthic Antarctic species (Desmarestia sp, Himantothallus grandifolius, Laternula elliptica, Yoldia eightsi, Amphioplus acutus, Bovalia gigantea, Gondogeneia antarctica, Sterechinus neumayeri, Nacella concinna, Paraserolis polita, Parborlasia corrugatus and Glyptonotus antarcticus). A wide variation in metal content was observed depending on the species and the element. ese concentrations were usually lower than those of other Antarctic areas, not indicating relevant anthropogenic impacts of EACF. However, considering the serious re incident that occurred at the end of last summer (February/2012), and that relevant measures of heavy metals (such as Pb, Cd, and Zn) are released in this kind of event, this data, and the associated methodology, attains particular importance, due to their potential to enlighten the extension of this impact, as well as, the success of any recuperation strategy.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129074134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plankton Structure of Shallow Coastal Zone at Admiralty Bay, King George Island, West Antarctic Peninsula (Wap) During Early Summer/2010: Pico, Ultra and Microplankton and Chlorophyll Biomass","authors":"J. J. Barrera-Alba, Mariana Vanzan, M. Tenório, D. R. Tenenbaum","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.071","url":null,"abstract":"e phytoplankton composition and biomass are being monitored in Admiralty Bay, Antarctic Peninsula since 2002 to detect possible interannual changes on a long-term monitoring perspective. In this report, we present the results of the December 2010 survey regarding the phytoplankton size-structure and biomass. Microplankton densities were higher than those observed during the survey 2009/2010, and a dominance of diatoms, especially the centric alassiosira spp, over dino agellates was registered. Pico and ultraplankton densities (~106 cells L–1) were similar to those registered in previous studies, and results showed that phytoplankton were dominated in density by cells <10 μm. e shi in phytoplankton structure pointed out by the dominance of picoand ultra-size cells in phytoplankton density and dominance of microphytoplankton in biomass must be con rmed by continuing the long-term monitoring program and the implementation of microvariation sampling e ort to identify the factors that are actually in uencing phytoplankton populations in this environment.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127644893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WHERE DO THEY GO? YEAR-ROUND MOVEMENTS REVEAL A SHIFT IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOUTHERN GIANT PETRELS DURING WINTER","authors":"L. Krüger, E. Petersen, M. Petry","doi":"10.4322/APA.2016.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2016.004","url":null,"abstract":": We aimed to evaluate the year-round distribution of an Antarctic population of the Southern Giant Petrel Macronectes giganteus. Twelve BAS MK9 geolocators were recovered in November 2011 from animals tagged in January 2011. We applied month Fixed Kernel Densities and compared the geographical positions of individuals between breeding and non-breeding periods. During breeding, petrels remained predominantly above the 60ºS parallel, but during the non-breeding period they used mostly the areas below 60ºS, with many individuals using the coast of Argentina, west of Falkland Islands. Th e results are exciting in the sense that now the information on where the Southern Giant Petrels spend the winter will allow the understanding of the infl uences of climate and fi sheries over the population dynamics.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121094915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}