{"title":"Responses of an Antarctic Southern Giant Petrel Population to Climate Change","authors":"L. Krüger, M. Sander, M. Petry","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.066","url":null,"abstract":"e comprehension of species responses to climate change is one of our present ecological challenges. is paper aims to evaluate the demographic responses of a Southern Giant Petrel population according to climate factors. We used a Multi-State Mark-Recapture method to estimate survival from breeder and non-breeder, and transition rates. Breeder survival response to Southern Oscillation Index, Antarctic Oscillation Index and temperature. Non breeder survival response to Southern Oscillation Index and temperature and Desertion rate with response to Temperature only in summer. Southern Giant Petrels are associated with warmer sea conditions. No recent decrease caused by climate factors can be expected under the scenario of warming in Antarctic Peninsula, and actual population size makes this assumption reasonable.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127110127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. N. Aguiar, L. M. M. Ceschim, Edna Wisnieski, C. Martins
{"title":"Background values and assessment of fecal steroids discharged into two inlets (mackelar and ezcurra) in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica","authors":"S. N. Aguiar, L. M. M. Ceschim, Edna Wisnieski, C. Martins","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.041","url":null,"abstract":"Steroids are efficient geochemical markers of natural and anthropogenic environmental events, because they present stability and resistance to the degradation process, keeping a record of their signature origin, allowing interpretations about the organic matter sources. The Antarctic region is considered one of the best preserved environments in the world; however human activities have resulted in changes in this pristine location. Sampling was collected during the 2006/07 austral summer at three points: Refuge II (REF) (Mackelar Inlet), Thomas Point (PTH) and Barrel Point (BAR) (Ezcurra Inlet). After Soxhlet extraction, clean up using adsorption column and derivatization, steroids concentrations were determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Concentrations of fecal sterols (coprostanol and epicoprostanol) in all locations studied were <0.10 μg.g–1, suggesting natural contributions of these compounds. This statement is corroborated by values found for the coprostanol/epicoprostanol ratio for all cores (<2.50). Based on these results, background values were established for the analyzed compounds in the two studied inlets. The values for REF, PTH and BAR were, respectively, (0.06 ± 0.02), (0.04 ± 0.03) and (0.03 ± 0.01) for coprostanol + epicoprostanol.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127494345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Pereira, M. R. Francelino, V. M. Stefenon, A. L. Schünemann, L. Roesch
{"title":"Plant communities from ice-free areas of demay point, King George Island, Antarctica","authors":"A. Pereira, M. R. Francelino, V. M. Stefenon, A. L. Schünemann, L. Roesch","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.024","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents the study of plant communities in ice-free areas of Demay Point, which is located at the south of the Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. The aim of this research was to collect data about the plant coverage, classification and distribution of plant communities, contributing with the evaluation of possible environmental impacts of anthropogenic or natural origin, following the evolution of such communities over the length of time. The study started with the classification and description of the plant communities based mainly on the plant physiognomy, biodiversity and the relation with local abiotic factors. Each community was mapped with an Astech Promark II DGPS and the data was processed using AstechSolutions software to obtain sub-metric accuracy. Seven plant communities were identified and described as: 1 Grass and cushion chamaephyte formation; 1.2 Deschampsia and mosses subformation; 2 Moss carpet formation; 3 Moss hummock formation; 4 Moss tuft formation; 5 Fruticose lichen and moss tuft formation and 6 Fellfield communities. These plant communities are shown in a map, with their description.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126545506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juliana Ferreira da Silva, M. A. Oliveira, A. Pereira, C. K. Pereira, Cristiane Barbosa D Oliveira
{"title":"EPILITHIC FRESHWATER DIATOMS FROM ELEPHANT ISLAND, SOUTH SHETLANDS, ANTARCTICA","authors":"Juliana Ferreira da Silva, M. A. Oliveira, A. Pereira, C. K. Pereira, Cristiane Barbosa D Oliveira","doi":"10.4322/APA.2015.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2015.012","url":null,"abstract":"Epilithic diatom species from six sampling stations on Elephant Island, South Shetlands, Antarctica, are presented in this paper. Samples were taken in the austral summer of 2011-2012 from submerged stones in two lakes and four streams. Species identification was carried out by light and scanning electron microscopy. A total of 19 species in 12 genera were determined. The most representative genera considering number of species were Gomphonema Ehr. and Pinnularia Ehr. Compared to species inventories on other islands of the South Shetlands archipelago, species richness on Elephant Island is low, and further investigation is needed in order to determine the causes, whether environmental or result of biotic interactions.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123468378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biparental Care of Chinstrap Penguin: Molecular Sexing and Life History in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica","authors":"Jaqueline Brummelhaus, V. Valiati, M. Petry","doi":"10.4322/apa.2014.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/apa.2014.101","url":null,"abstract":"Chinstrap penguin, Pygoscelis antarctica, breeding biology involves several distinct stages of chick rearing, in which each parent varies in their relative contribution to reproductive success. We investigated tertiary adult sex ratios using molecular sexing in breeding colonies during guard and crèche stages of chick rearing at Admiralty Bay (King George Island) and on Stinker Point (Elephant Island) in the 2010/2011 breeding season. We analyzed 52 blood samples and found this represented 31 males and 21 females. We observed that the adult sex ratio in guard and crèche stages did not vary signi cantly. However, we feel evidence did infer di erences in relative biparental care behavior between the two stages studied. us, it was possible to develop a potential hypothesis of relationship between sex ratio of adults present during di erent stages of the breeding season by molecular biology technique with Chinstrap penguin life history and gain understanding of the importance of contributions of both sexes in raising their o spring and for attaining reproductive success.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123708733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yargos Kern, K. L. Elbers, A. C. Cruz-Kaled, R. R. Weber, T. Absher
{"title":"Summer Variation of Zooplankton Community on Coastal Environment of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica","authors":"Yargos Kern, K. L. Elbers, A. C. Cruz-Kaled, R. R. Weber, T. Absher","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.072","url":null,"abstract":"is study aims to provide data on the abundance and distribution of zooplankton related to oceanographic parameters of the coastal environment of Admiralty Bay. In December 2009, during the XXVIII Brazilian Expedition, biological samples and physic-chemical data were obtained in four shallow areas, located in front of research stations and a reference area at Botany Point. A total of 15,882 organisms were sorted from 55 samples resulting in a total density of 3.03 organisms/100 m3. Nineteen taxa were identi ed. e most abundant holoplanktonic organism was copepods and meroplanktonic was echinoderms. e PCA analysis emphasized the importance of phosphate and dissolved oxygen for holoplankton, as nitrite and water temperature for the meroplankton during the four days of sampling.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123082511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Atmospheric Changes Observed in Antarctica Related to the Sun-Earth Interactions","authors":"E. Correia, J. Raulin, P. Kaufmann, H. R. Gavilán","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.055","url":null,"abstract":"Here we present the ionosphere behavior obtained from measurements done with the ionosonde operating at Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Station (EACF) in 2011. We also discuss its long-term behavior obtained from 2004 to 2011 using very low frequency radio signals and GPS measurements. During quiet periods the ionosphere is controlled by the solar Lyman alpha radiation, presenting variations closely associated with the 11-year sunspot number. But it is strongly affected by the excess of X-ray emission produced during the solar flares. The long-term studies of ionosphere behavior have also shown it presents strong variations during local wintertime, which were found to be closely related to the waves of neutral atmospheric origin. The studies of ionosphere behavior have been improving our understanding of its response to natural phenomena, and about its coupling with the other atmospheric layers. The energy exchange among atmospheric layers might be an important factor in the climate conditions/changes, which affect the terrestrial and marine environment, especially in the polar region.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131920136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of early diagenesis in the sedimentary steroids around Penguin Island, Antarctica","authors":"L. M. M. Ceschim, R. Montone, C. Martins","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.042","url":null,"abstract":"The role of lipids in polar environments is of primary importance for understanding the cycling of carbon organic and associated elements. Thus, the knowledge of the nature and quality of organic matter is necessary to evaluate the overall impact in this area and to model the carbon cycle. The aim of this study was to determine the transformations of organic matter in the marine environment by analysis of a specific group of lipid biogeochemical markers, the sedimentary steroids. Sediment cores were collected during the 2007/08 austral summer in the vicinity of the Penguin Island (2 cores). In general, the cores were sectioned at 1 cm intervals and the steroids analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), after Soxhlet extraction, adsorption column chromatography and derivatization. The results showed that organic matter had been subjected to extensive degradation and transformation with depth in the two corers and the general increase of the stanol/ stenol ratio may have represented the progressive reduction of stenols to stanols within the deepest sediment layers. According to the linear regression (R2) applied, the process at Penguin Island is governed by a natural supply, and a random pattern in the concentration values with increasing depth. These results contribute to the understanding of the current processes of organic matter transformation in this important region of Antarctic environment.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131738837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Rodrigues, M. Feijó-Oliveira, S. V. Gannabathula, C. N. K. Suda, C. S. Carvalho, L. Donatti, H. P. Lavrado
{"title":"A Baseline Studies on Plasmatic Constituents in the Notothenia Rossii and Notothenia Coriiceps in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica","authors":"E. Rodrigues, M. Feijó-Oliveira, S. V. Gannabathula, C. N. K. Suda, C. S. Carvalho, L. Donatti, H. P. Lavrado","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.079","url":null,"abstract":"e Antarctic Peninsula, a pristine natural system has been found to be very sensitive to changes in the environment arising from climate changes and anthropic activities. e plasmatic levels of various metabolic constituents in sh have been used to identify the e ect of environmental changes. e present study aims to establish base line of plasmatic constituents (glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein and albumin) concentrations in two Antarctic sh species, Notothenia rossii and Notothenia coriiceps, which are abundant in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. Blood sample collection was done by caudal vessel puncture immediately a er capture. Plasmatic levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol were signi cantly higher in N. rossii, at Refuge 2 compared to the other two sites, whereas there was no signi cant di erence in albumin and total protein concentrations from the three sites. For N. coriiceps, only the albumin levels were higher at Refuge 2 compared to the other sites. e di erences in the plasma constituent’s levels may be due to the physical and chemical di erences in marine environments at sampling sites, as well as the morphological and lifestyle behavior of the two sh species.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133081900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. R. Tenenbaum, J. J. Barrera-Alba, Renatha Barboza Duarte, M. Tenório
{"title":"Plankton structure a in shallow coastal zone at Admiralty Bay, King George Island, West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP): pico, nano and microplankton and chlorophyll biomass","authors":"D. R. Tenenbaum, J. J. Barrera-Alba, Renatha Barboza Duarte, M. Tenório","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.033","url":null,"abstract":"The phytoplankton composition and biomass are being monitored in Admiralty Bay, Antarctic Peninsula since 2002 to detect possible interannual changes on a long-term perspective. In this report, we present the preliminary results of the 2009/2010 monitoring program regarding phytoplankton size-structure and biomass. Even if mean microplankton densities were similar between December 2009 and February 2010, diferent phytoplankton groups dominated each sampling period. Pennate diatoms showed highest contribution in December, whereas athecate dinoflagellates were the most abundant microplanktonic group in February. Pico and nanoplankton were only detailed during the second sampling period, and results showed that phytoplankton were dominated by cells <10 μm (~104 and 107 cells.L–1, respectively). The shift in phytoplankton structure pointed out by the dominance of picoand nano-size cells in phytoplankton and heterotrophic dinoflagellates in late summer must be confirmed by continuing the long-term monitoring program and the implementation of microvariation sampling effort to identify the factors that are actually influencing phytoplankton populations in this environment.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132276125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}