INCT-APA Annual Activity Report最新文献

{"title":"Bioremediation, hydrocarbon depletion and microbial genetic diversity of antarctic oil-polluted soil","authors":"A. Rosado, J. Cury, R. Peixoto, H. E. Jesus, C. Gonçalves, Reynaud Schaefer, M. Bícego, Diogo Jurelevicius, L. Seldin, P. Seabra, C. Greer","doi":"10.4322/apa.2014.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/apa.2014.051","url":null,"abstract":"Natural environments have been affected by oil spills around the world for decades. In some cases, the attempt to cleanup can be made using physical and chemical methods. However, for the Antarctic environments this is not so simple. Displacement of the machinery necessary for the application of physical methods would be very expensive whereas the application of chemical methods would be dangerous considering the risks of additional environmental impacts. Oil contamination of soils of EACF was caused by a tank rupture in the mid eighties in addition to little spills and intense use of motor vehicles. In some sites the presence of oil can be visually detected, which leads us to believe that a monitored natural attenuation is not feasible. Bioremediation techniques are relatively more cost-effective and benign. These techniques are based on the ability of some microorganisms (especially some bacteria) to use the petroleum hydrocarbons as energy source. However, before any implementation of bioremediation action, it is important to perform studies for the chemical and biological characterization of the contaminated soil. We are performing physical-chemical and microbiological studies of soil samples of Brazilian Antarctic Station contaminated with diesel. The results show an absence of Nitrogen in soil, the presence of high content of petroleum hydrocarbons and a depletion effect of the microbial diversity in polluted soil.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121508409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DISTRIBUTION OF SEABIRD COLONIES IN STINKER POINT, ELEPHANT ISLAND","authors":"M. Petry, A. Basler, E. Petersen, G. Aver, L. Krüger, Fernanda C. L. Valls, L. Rossi","doi":"10.4322/apa.2016.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/apa.2016.005","url":null,"abstract":"Stinker Point is located on Elephant Island. It presents an ice-free area where di erent seabird species breed during the austral summer. To evaluate the distribution of Antarctic seabird breeding sites, colonies and breeding groups were mapped into the study area. ere are breeding colonies of 13 species. Southern Giant Petrel Macronectes giganteus and Wilson’s Storm-petrel Oceanites oceanicus are the species with most breeding groups mapped, totaling 10 of both species, followed by Cape Petrel Daption capense with nine breeding groups recorded. e high number of species observed in Stiker Point con rms the signi cance of this area as an Important Bird Area in Antarctica (IBA 071).","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123235457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH OF LICHENS IN THE ICE-FREE AREAS ADJOINING THE ARCTOWSKI REGION, ADMIRALTY BAY, KING GEORGE ISLAND, ANTARCTICA","authors":"R. Alves, G. Pinto, M. P. D. Albuquerque, F. Victoria, A. Pereira","doi":"10.4322/APA.2015.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2015.011","url":null,"abstract":"The Antarctic lichens have been used as bioindicators in biomonitoring studies, having an important contribution to the floristic composition, and its existence is dependent on ice-free regions. The phytosociological data were obtained according to the Braun-Blanquet sampling method. This study compares the lichen formation of Arctowski region, using data collected during the Brazilian Antarctic Program expedition conducted in the austral summer of 2003/2004 and 2012/2013. According to data collected at the moment, increases of the lichens occurrences in the plant formations in the region were found. Studies indicate that abiotic factors, once linked to local factors can to affect the distribution of the communities in the environment. This essay suggests the fragility of lichen formation in the ice-free areas of Arctowski region. However, a long term evaluation as necessary to confirm this hypothesis. The phytosociological studies can contribute to the management of scientific activities involved with the Brazilian Antarctic Program.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123146323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence, abundance, distribution and identification of zooplancton with emphasis on marine invertebrate larvae from admiralty bay","authors":"T. Absher, A. C. Cruz-Kaled, K. L. Elbers","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"30 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132193249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arginase kinetic characterization of the ­gastropod Nacella concinna and its ­physiological relation with energy­requirement demand and the presence of heavy metals","authors":"E. Rodrigues, H. P. Lavrado, L. Donatti, C. N. K. Suda, Edson Rodrigues Junior, Mariana Feijó de Oliveira, G. Vani","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.037","url":null,"abstract":"Arginases are metalloenzymes broadly distributed in nature. These enzymes catalyze the L-arginine hydrolyses to L-ornithine and urea. The aim of the present work is to determine the tissue levels of arginase, its kinetic properties and subcellular localization. In December 2009, specimens were collected in Admiralty Bay, King George Island near the Brazilian Research Station. The argininolytic specific activity of foot muscle, gills and pool of other tissues was 87.0 ± 15.1; 9.8 ± 1.8 and 3.8 ± 1.0 mU/mg protein, respectively. Mainly localized in the cytosol, gills and muscular arginase Km values for L-arginine were 57.0 ± 10.5 and 66.2 ± 14.6 mM, respectively. High arginase levels in gills could be related to the systemic control of L-arginine concentrations, which is vital for energetic metabolism of phospho-L-arginine and of polyamines in the control of cell proliferation though the probable physiologic metal cation is Mn 2+ , some arginases are activated by Co 2+ and Ni 2+ . The muscle Nacella concinna arginases were activated by Mn 2+ and Co 2+ and inhibited by Cd 2+ whereas; gills arginase was activated only by Mn 2+ and inhibited by Cd 2+ and Zn 2+ .","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126315602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic content in five sediment profiles from Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica","authors":"A. P. Ribeiro, R. Figueira, C. Martins, C. R. A. Silva, E. França, M. Bícego, M. Mahiques, R. Montone","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.011","url":null,"abstract":"Admiralty Bay is the largest bay on King George Island, Antarctica, with a total area of around 131 km2 and maximum depth of 530 m. This region is of utmost importance for studies of environmental quality assessment because of the presence of scientific research stations in this region. Since the early 80’s scientific research has been focused on the Brazilian Antarctic Station “Comandante Ferraz”. In addition, the Polish Station Henry Arctowiski (Ezcurra Inlet) and the Peruvian Machu Picchu Station are also based in the bay. All activities require the consumption of fossil fuel for their operation. Fossil fuel is recognized as an important input of major pollutants (organic compounds) and trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn). Among trace elements, arsenic is highly toxic even in low concentration in the environment. Accordingly, this work presents the results of arsenic in 92 samples, representing five sediment profiles from different sites (Comandante Ferraz Station, Botany Point, Ulmann Point, Arctowski Station and Barrel Point) in Admiralty Bay. The highest As content was observed for Barrel Point profile (ranging from 7 to 11 mg.kg-1). Otherwise, by using the enrichment factor and the geochronology analysis, the Brazilian Antarctic Station presented the most relevant enrichment for this metalloid, suggesting its increase due to the human activities in the bay. Studies on contamination of aquatic systems have been focused on sediments, because this layer acts as a reservoir for many chemical substances, such as metals and metalloids. The depositional feature of the elements in the sediment gives a fingerprint of the contamination, providing information on the history of the contamination (Dinescu et al, 1998; Banin et al, 1998; Ribeiro et al, 2005). However, tracing the origin of the contaminants is not an easy task since the determination of background concentrations of chemical elements (in a range of environmental matrices, including sediments) are based on degree of temporal and spatial variability of a small number of samples. Sampling might not be representative of the whole studied area, in which local variance can exceed the analytical uncertainty, thereby increasing the complexity of geochemical fingerprint studies (Gasparon and Matschullat, 2006). A large number of studies have certainly reported the impact of human activities on the Antarctic environment. However, studies for determining baseline levels of metals and metalloids are still scarce. Furthermore, information from available data sets of the impacted sites is often applied to estimate the elemental levels at a regional scale. As a result, the elemental Antarctic baseline values may have exceeded the natural content in the region. Therefore, the development of studies to distinguish anthropogenic and natural sources from metals and metalloids in the Antarctic environment has become a concern and an important issue for the international scientific community (Gasparon and ","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114574421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric SO2 measurements at the Brazilian Antarctic Station","authors":"E. V. C. Mariano, N. Leme, P. C. Alvalá","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.021","url":null,"abstract":"For a better comprehension of the atmospheric chemical and radiative properties, it is necessary to understand the behaviour of trace gases and aerosols; some of these gas types have not been deeply studied. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is found in the troposphere, as a result of both natural and anthropogenic emissions. To study the behaviour of this gas in the Antarctic continent, the data collected by the Brewer Spectrophotometer installed in the Brazilian Antarctic Station Comandante Ferraz (62° 05’ S and 58° 24’ W) was used. With this ground-based instrument, the total column of SO2 was measured from the beginning of springtime, to the start of summer, during the years 2003 to 2009. It was possible to observe that the total columns of SO2 did not show any differences in the time of the development of the ozone hole, as compared to other periods. The main sources of anthropogenic SO2 pollution in this region are the generation of energy, the operations with ships, and the burning of garbage, being a punctual impact. The natural generation of SO2 in this region is mainly related to the conversion of DMS (dimethyl sulfide) emitted by the ocean. In a few days, the SO2 total column exceeded the values considered normal for remote regions (>2 UD), and these high concentrations must have their sources identified and monitored.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122184097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHERE RESPONSE TO SUN-EARTH INTERACTIONS","authors":"E. Correia, M. T. Quevedo, Amanda Junqueira Paz, Alexandre Rodel de Almeida","doi":"10.4322/apa.2016.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/apa.2016.001","url":null,"abstract":"e present study presents the ionosphere behavior obtained from radio sounding measurements conducted at “Comandante Ferraz” Brazilian Antarctic Station. e results are discussed in the light of the long-trend behavior obtained in association with 11-year solar cycle. e long-term ionosphere behavior is controlled by the ultraviolet solar radiation, presenting variations closely associated with the solar cycle. In contrast, it is strongly a ected by the excess of X-ray emission produced during the solar ares. Studies have also shown that the ionosphere is strongly disturbed during local wintertime due to the e ect of atmospheric waves originated in the troposphere/stratosphere in their upward propagation. Recent studies on the ionosphere have improved our understanding of its response to natural phenomena, and about its coupling with lower atmospheric layers. e energy exchange among atmospheric layers might be an important driver in the climate conditions/changes, which a ect the terrestrial and marine environment, especially in the polar region.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115630620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collembola (Arthropoda, Hexapoda) Associated to Terrestrial Green Algae from Ice-Free Areas in Admiralty Bay (King George Island, South Shetlands Islands, Antarctica)","authors":"M. Mendonça, G. Queiroz, E. Abrantes, A. G. Dalto, Yocie Yoneshigue Valentin","doi":"10.4322/APA.2014.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/APA.2014.103","url":null,"abstract":": Two species of Collembola were identifi ed associated to the terrestrial green algae Prasiola crispa of ice-free areas near penguin rookeries at Polish Antarctic Station Henryk Arctowski, Admiralty Bay. Cryptopygus antarcticus and Friesea grisea are Collembola species frequently recorded for the Antarctic region, although some discrepancies were observed regarding the morphological characteristics of F. grisea specimens collected in this study. However, more specimens should be collected in other areas of Admiralty Bay and analyzed to confi rm this diagnosis. Th us, this research can contribute to the knowledge of the biodiversity of Collembola in the region, particularly in Admiralty Bay, which is an Antarctic Specially Managed Area.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128675631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Investigation on the Atmospheric Dispersion of Pollutants Due to Ferraz Fire","authors":"H. Evangelista, E. D. Sodré, A. Lima","doi":"10.4322/apa.2014.091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4322/apa.2014.091","url":null,"abstract":"Here we present a summary of the atmospheric modeled data for gas and total particulate matter dispersion and deposition due to the re at Ferraz Station on February 25th, 2012. e main purpose is to permit a preliminary diagnosis of the main areas potentially impacted in Admiralty Bay and vicinities for purposes of future decision-making and scienti c planning. In this way enable an investigation of the area that came under the impact of the re emissions and better detail the levels of contamination of biotic and abiotic components of the local environment. is present version of the model takes into account the meteorological data acquired at the time of the re, as well as observational records and the geomorphology. e great uncertainty assigned to the model refers to the emissions factor due to the high complexity of materials present in Ferraz Station and a subjective estimate of the temperature of the materials ignited during the re. us, the basic function of the model is to describe the spatial behavior of the plume of pollutants and not necessarily the absolute values of the deposition uxes.","PeriodicalId":169975,"journal":{"name":"INCT-APA Annual Activity Report","volume":"72 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129154964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}