Journal of Vegetable Crop Production最新文献

{"title":"THE EDITOR'S FIELD","authors":"V. Russo","doi":"10.1300/J068v10n02_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v10n02_01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134442942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Important Cabbage Head Traits and Their Relationships at Five Points in Development","authors":"T. Radovich, M. Kleinhenz, Nate Honeck","doi":"10.1300/J068v10n02_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v10n02_03","url":null,"abstract":"We set out to document events and relationships among key traits throughout cabbage head formation, particularly in early stages, in order to help develop and implement efficient strategies to increase crop yield and quality. Head traits used as indicators of horticultural maturity and crop quality were documented at five stages of development in 3 commercial fresh market/slaw and processing cabbage cultivars grown in 2001 and 2002 at The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural and Development Center in Wooster, Ohio. Seedlings containing 2–4 true leaves were planted in June of both years. Trait measurement began 35 days prior to the estimated market maturity date for each cultivar and continued weekly for five weeks. Harvest timing affected all head traits evaluated. Head weight, diameter, volume, and density and core volume generally increased with harvest date, while the ratio of head polar to equatorial diameter and the percent of head volume occupied by the core decreased. A strong curvilinear relationship between head mean diameter and head weight was found. Developmental changes in head density, in contrast to weight and size, were found to be largely independent of thermal time. Information gained in this study adds to our understanding of cabbage crop development. It also strongly suggests that accurate assessments of developmental stage during the scheduling of harvest are required to maximize head quality. The results also indicate that head growth and maturation should be viewed as separate and distinct concepts in discussions of head development.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123724079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compositional Differences of Stem and Floral Portions of Broccoli Heads","authors":"A. Siomos, P. Papadopoulou, C. Dogras","doi":"10.1300/J068v10n02_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v10n02_10","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Edible portions of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenk) consist of immature fully differentiated flower buds and tender portions of the upper stem. Differences in the developmental stage of the above tissues may be reflected in a different composition that may also be a result of environmental conditions. Dry matter (DM), soluble solids (SS), reducing sugars (RS), water soluble carbohydrates, ascorbic acid, total soluble phenols, nitrates, pH and titratable acidity (TA) in the stem and floral portions of the head were determined in two broccoli cvs. Marathon and Samurai, harvested from fields of two planting dates. The head portion, but not the planting date, had a significant effect on all compositional constituents measured with the exception of ascorbic acid in both cultivars and water soluble carbohydrates (on a dry weight basis) in ‘Samurai’. In both cultivars, the floral portion of the heads had higher values for DM, SS, water-soluble carbohydrates (on a fresh weight basis), total soluble phenols and TA and lower values for RS, nitrates and pH, than the stem portion. The largest differences between the head portions were observed on the nitrate and total soluble phenol content. More than 90% of the nitrate content of the heads was found in the stem, while about 70% of the total soluble phenol content was found in the floral portion. Therefore, the floral portion of the broccoli head is equally prized with the stem portion for its ascorbic acid content, but it has higher values for total soluble phenols (an antioxidant and anticancer constitute) and lower values for nitrates an anti-nutritional constitute), than the stem portion.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124602412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Evaluation of Production Methods for Sweet Corn in a Cool Climate","authors":"A. B. Kwabiah","doi":"10.1300/J068v10n02_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v10n02_07","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The use of plastic mulch offers an economically profitable approach for producing sweet corn (Zea mays L.) in Newfoundland (Canada) because of its warming effect on the soil and air around emerging plants in late spring. Information on the combined use of plastic mulch and planting dates is needed to develop a base for future research and on-farm maximum economic yield demonstration programs. Studies were conducted from May to mid-October in 2001, 2002, and 2003 to determine the effects of mulching and planting dates on days from planting to maturity (DH), total marketable yield (TMY) and the economic value (gross returns, GR; net returns, NR; and production efficiency, PE–a measure of output/input ratio) of sweet corn. The experiment was structured as a split plot design in a randomized complete block arrangement and three replicates. The main treatment was mulching: plastic mulch (PM) and no mulch (NM), and the subplot treatments were the planting dates: 1, 15 and 29 May, abbreviated PD1, PD2, and PD3, respectively. For each mulch-planting date treatment, matured ears were hand harvested and sold over a 3 wk period. There was no year effect on the measured variables. Planting date had significant effect on DH, TMY and GR. When averaged across planting dates, the PM decreased DH by 10 d. Mulching had significant effect on all variables, except TMY. However, the high premium price obtained from early planting with PM more than offset the extra cost of using plastic mulch. The beneficial effects of PM on GR were consistent across planting dates. With PM, GR had a more favorable response at PD1 than at PD2 or PD3 but with NM, GR was higher at PD2 and similar at PD1 and PD3. The PM increased NR by > $3,000.00 (Canadian)-ha− over NM and had a PE of 5.37 compared to 4.94 for NM. The study confirmed the use of plastic mulch as a tool to reduce risk in sweet corn production and with a high potential to increase profitability in Newfoundland.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126456374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Pre-Plant and In-Season Nitrogen Management Practices on Tuber Yield and Quality of Two Potato Cultivars","authors":"A. Alva","doi":"10.1300/J068v10n02_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v10n02_05","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A good balance in pre-plant and in-season nitrogen (N) application is important for optimal production of high quality potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers in coarse texture soils, to improve N uptake efficiency, and minimize N losses. Field experiments were conducted in a Quincy fine sand (mixed, mesic Xeric Torripsamments) in the Columbia Basin region in the Pacific Northwest under center pivot irrigation. In the first year (2000), ‘Russet Burbank’ and ‘Umatilla Russet’ cultivars were grown with 112 kg·ha− of N as pre-plant soil application. In-season fertigation was done with 224 kg·ha− of N in either 2, 5, 10, or 20 doses starting three weeks after emergence. In-season N frequency had no significant effects on the tuber yield (60 Mg-ha−) or quality of both the cultivars. The second year (2001) ‘Ranger Russet’ and ‘Umatilla Russet’ cultivars were grown with either 56, 112, or 168 kg·ha− pre-plant N treatment (including the soil residual N content). The total N over the entire growing period was 336 kg·ha− across all pre-plant N treatments. An additional treatment of 448 kg ha− total N was also evaluated with 112 kg·ha− pre-plant N. Within these four main treatments, sub-treatments comprised application of in-season N fertigations at 2, 3, or 5 frequencies starting three weeks after emergence. The tuber yields of both cultivars were not significantly influenced by either different pre-plant N rates (56 to 168 kg·ha−) or total N rates (336 to 448 kg·ha−). This study was repeated the third year (2002), except in-season N fertigation was evaluated at either 5 or 10 frequencies. The results of these studies demonstrated that N application in excess of 336 kg·ha− rate failed to show any beneficial effects in terms of total tuber yields, or yields of different size grade tubers. Tuber specific gravity was also not significantly influenced by the different pre- plant N rates or total N rates. In-season N application through the irrigation system is a convenient method of fertilizer delivery without an added cost of application. The range of N management options, evaluated in this study for two potato cultivars, resulted in non-significant differences in total tuber yield as well as tuber quality. Nitrogen leaching loss below the rootzone was not evaluated. However, it is advisable to apply the low pre-plant soil N rate (56 kg ha−; including the soil residual N) with remainder (280 kg·ha−) as in-season fertigation for production of high yields of good quality tubers in the Pacific Northwest production conditions.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133952167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Fresh Sawdust as a Nitrogen Source in Sweet Corn Production","authors":"T. J. Brass, W. Foshee, J. Sibley","doi":"10.1300/J068v10n02_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v10n02_08","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Fresh sawdust from particleboard glued with urea formaldehyde was applied as a possible replacement for ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) fertilization in sweet corn (Zea mays L.) production. The treatments consisted of two combinations of sawdust and NH4NO3 combinations (25% sawdust:75% NH4NO3; 50% sawdust:50% NH4NO3); 100% sawdust; a standard NH4NO3 application (296 kg·ha−1); and a control treatment that consisted of preplant NH4NO3 only. Total N applied for all treatments was 139 kg·ha−1 of N except for the control with 101 kg·ha−1 of N. The elemental composition of the fresh sawdust had a high N composite (32.1 g·kg−1) and alow C: N ratio (15:1), making it favorable for direct use as an organic nitrogen fertilizer. Results indicated that the 25% and 50% sawdust treatments were similar to the standard NH4NO3 treatment in chlorophyll content at V6 and R1 stages, R1 plant height, and marketable yield. When the amount of NH4NO3 was increased, as is the case of the 25% sawdust, all measured responses were similar. Conversely, the use of 100% sawdust as a replacement for NH4NO3 fertilization resulted in decreased growth and yields. It appears that the use of sawdust from particleboard glued with urea formaldehyde has potential as a soil amendment with an aim in reducing the amount of NH4NO3 fertilizer needed in sweet corn production.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123701903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of Inherited Sterility Technique Against Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) as Affected by Irradiation of Females","authors":"H. Makee, G. Saour","doi":"10.1300/J068v10n01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v10n01_03","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The inherited sterility technique (IST) has been suggested as an alternative control method against the most destructive insect of potato, the potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella Zeller. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of releasing females exposed to gamma irradiation on the efficiency of IST. The fecundity, fertility, mating success and frequency of matings of P. operculella females were significantly influenced by gamma irradiation. Completely sterile females were obtained when 200 Gy was applied. The efficiency of using irradiated males and females reached a 98 (biological efficiency index) when a 300 Gy dose of gamma irradiation and a ratio of 1 unirradiated ♂:1 unirradiated ♀:10 irradiated ♂:10 irradiated ♀ were used. The effectiveness of the inherited sterility technique would be increased when completely sterile P. operculella females together with partially sterile males were used.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116786597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Cultural Practices, Economic Impact of Insecticide Use, and Awareness and Practice of Insecticide Safety Precaution on Okra Production","authors":"Taiwo Alimi","doi":"10.1300/J068v10n01_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v10n01_04","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study was undertaken to determine the effects of cultural practices (cropping pattern and use of insecticides) on okra production (yield), the economics of insecticide use and the users' awareness and practice levels of insecticide safety precautions. The sampled populations were users and non-users of insecticides. Data were collected on cultural practices, okra field size, number of farms, yield and prices of okra production inputs, prices and types of insecticides, and awareness and practice of safety precautions. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, partial budgetary and regression techniques, and residual and sensitivity analyses. Results indicated that cropping pattern and use of insecticides have significant effects on yield. Partial budgetary and regression analyses showed that insecticides use on okra farms was economically superior to non-use providing an additional Net Benefit of 8,560 per ha ( = Naira, Nigerian currency, exchange rate $1US = 130). Marginal analysis indicated a marginal rate of return of 3.14. Sensitivity analysis revealed that prices of insecticides will have to increase by more than 145.5%, and/or yield and the price of okra has to fall by more than 51.7% for insecticide use to be less favored only on economic grounds. The insecticides used by okra farmers were hazardous, and high proportions of the local farmers were not aware of, and did not practice safety precautions. In order to realize the full economic benefit of insecticide use without its adverse effects, efforts should be directed at creating awareness and encouraging the use of insecticide handling and application safety precautions.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126828777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical Analysis of Vegetable Production in India, China, and the World","authors":"P. Sahu","doi":"10.1300/J068V10N01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068V10N01_02","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Vegetables supply components to a balanced diet at a comparatively low price. Efforts have been taken in populous countries like India and China to supply balanced diets to their citizens. The degree of progress towards this goal is not clear. The present study aims to measure the growth and trends of different parameters of vegetable production in India and China and compare these parameters to that of the World for the period 1961–2000. It was found that though the population growth rate of India is much higher than that of China, growth rates in production, per capita availability, export and domestic supply were higher in China than in India during the period. Both nations have a high percentage of their vegetable production going to waste, but the percentage in China is higher than that of India.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125056215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Tillage and Mulching Systems on Soil Water and Tomato Fruit Yield and Quality","authors":"J. A. Swenson, S. Walters, S. Chong","doi":"10.1300/J068v10n01_09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v10n01_09","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many growers have interests in using mulches, cover crops, and conservation tillage systems in tomato production, but also have concerns about the effect of soil moisture fluctuations on fruit quality. Percent soil moisture and ‘Fabulous’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit production in response to different mulching/tillage systems within wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops were evaluated. Treatments applied following the mowing of the cover crops were: (1) conventional tillage (CT); (2) black polyethylene plastic over conventional tillage (BP); (3) no-tillage with cover crop killed with 1.5% glyphosate one week prior to transplanting (NT); (4) strip-tillage with cover crop killed with a 1.5% glyphosate one week prior to transplanting (ST); (5) no-tillage in which the cover crop was mowed periodically during the growing season [NT-Lm (living mulch)]; and (6) strip-tillage with the cover crop mowed and treated similar to treatment 5 (ST-Lm). Generally, there were no differences (P < 0.05) between winter rye and wheat cover crops with respect to tomato quality or yields. Large amounts of cull fruit were produced in both years, regardless of moisture; however, blossom-end rot was more severe across treatments during 1999. Under drought conditions (1999 growing season), all conservation tillage treatments had higher soil moisture readings 24 hrs after rainfall than other treatments, but BP had higher moisture levels than all other treatments under times of excessive water depletion. Under a condition of sufficient soil moisture (2000 growing season), black plastic resulted in higher soil moisture early in the season than CT or conservation tillage systems, a response associated with greater total marketable yields. Comparisons between the various conservation tillage treatments for soil moisture and tomato yields were inconclusive, but with adequate and consistent soil moisture, conservation and conventional tillage treatments produced similar marketable yields.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115176617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}