{"title":"Aphids Associated with Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in the Matanuska Valley, Alaska","authors":"R. Stoltz, R. Gavlak, S. Halbert","doi":"10.1300/J068V02N01_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068V02N01_05","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Commercial lettuce fields in Alaska were surveyed for aphid infestations and species composition. Sixteen species were collected in green tile trap pans. The majority were Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), and Pemphigus spp. Pemphigus populitransversus Riley, Subacyrthosiphon, and Cryptobium Hille Ris Lambers were added to Alaska collection records. Macrosiphum euphorbiae complex were the only aphids to colonize lettuce during the 1994 season. Seedlings were infested with aphids within four days of transplanting and more alates landed on 1–3 week old seedlings than on older plants. During the 1–3 week seedling period, more alates were recorded on head lettuce than leaf lettuce. Percent infested plants averaged 9.2 and 19.3 for leaf and head lettuce, respectively, during that period. Green tile trap pans were not effective indicators of aphid activity in lettuce fields under these test conditions.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114493830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Glancey, W. E. Kee, T. Wootten, M. Dukes, B. C. Postles
{"title":"Field Losses for Mechanically Harvested Green Peas","authors":"J. Glancey, W. E. Kee, T. Wootten, M. Dukes, B. C. Postles","doi":"10.1300/J068V02N01_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068V02N01_08","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pod stripper combines have become the predominant method of harvesting green peas for processing in the Mid-Atlantic region. A two-year investigation consisting of seventy-one field tests was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of these combines for pea harvesting in a wide range of field conditions. Trash content in the harvested product ranged from 4 to 33.7% by weight with an overall average of 15.2%. Total field loss for all tests conducted ranged from 24 to 1408 kg/ha (21 to 1239 lbs/acre) and averaged 555 kg/ha (488 lbs/acre) over the two-year test period. This corresponded to a range of loss from 0.5 to 34% of the pea yield with an average loss of 10.4%. The majority of field losses for the seven varieties and four combine models evaluated was at the head of the combine averaging 70.3% of the total field loss. The variety ‘Quantum’ exhibited significantly higher total field loss than did other varieties tested. There were no significant differences at the 5% level in total loss or head...","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126903217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Yield, Vitamin and Mineral Content of Four Vegetables Grown with Either Composted Manure or Conventional Fertilizer","authors":"P. Warman, K. Havard","doi":"10.1300/J068V02N01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068V02N01_03","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although there is a considerable amount of interest in organically produced crops, there is a lack of scientific research evaluating vegetable production from paired organic and conventional experimental plots. A comparative study was conducted for three years in a Pugwash sandy loam near Truro, N.S. Five replicates of two treatments (organic and conventional) were established annually for carrots, cabbages, potatoes and sweet corn. The addition of pesticides, lime and NPK fertilizer to the conventional plots followed the Nova Scotia Soil Test Recommendations; while lime, rotenone or Bt and composted manure were applied to the organic plots according to the guidelines established by the Organic Crop Improvement Association, Inc. (OCIA). The compost was made using chicken or beef manure and straw. Compost was analysed for total N and applied at rates appropriate to each crop assuming 50% N availability during the cropping season. Marketable yields were recorded and representative leaf samples and ...","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115805193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Finger-Wheel Cultivators for High-Speed Cultivation of Vegetable Crops","authors":"R. L. Parish, R. Bracy, W. C. Porter","doi":"10.1300/J068V02N01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068V02N01_02","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Precision Cultural System (PCS) developed by the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station allows simple and precise cultivation of vegetable crops; however, speed of the cultivators in small vegetable crops has been limited. The standard PCS sweep cultivator was limited to about 1–1f mph in small crops because it would throw soil over the crop plants at higher speed. The standard PCS rotary tiller cultivator could operate at 2–3 mph in small crops but could not be operated faster in larger crops, due to its tendency to “walk out of the soil at higher speeds”. The standard PCS sweep cultivator was modified by replacing the sweeps between the twin drills with two pairs of straight finger-wheel (rolling cultivator) spiders non-angled and in tandem. The finger-wheel gangs on the bed sides were also inactivated by raising them above the soil. The resulting PCS cultivator was successfully operated in very small crop plants (≤ 1 inch high) at speeds of 5–6 mph with no crop damage. The cultivato...","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114784148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Examination of the Rational Expectations of Vegetable Growers in the United States","authors":"E. Beach, J. Fernandez-Cornejo, N. Uri","doi":"10.1300/J068V02N01_09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068V02N01_09","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Survey data on expected and actual prices received by individual vegetable growers in Florida, Michigan, and Texas in 1990 are used to test the rational expectations hypothesis. The use of individual grower data overcomes many of the aggregation, risk premia and model specification issues that have limited previous tests of this hypothesis in agriculture. Overall, price expectations of vegetable growers are found to be inconsistent with the rational expectations hypothesis for the majority of vegetable/state combinations studied.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124495565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLES USING COVER CROP AND LIVING MULCHES : A REVIEW","authors":"J. Masiunas","doi":"10.1300/J068V04N01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068V04N01_03","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Living and cover crop mulches can reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers in vegetable production. Cover crop mulches are commonly small grains or legumes that are killed prior to planting the vegetable crop. Cover crop mulches modify the microclimate and release allelochemicals that affect weed and insect populations. Living mulches are grasses, legumes or Brassica species that grow with the vegetable crop. Living mulches will reduce pest populations but are difficult to manage in vegetable cropping systems because they compete with the crop. Strip tillage or the application of low rates of herbicides may reduce the competitiveness of living mulches, allowing their use in vegetable production.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131649813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dietary Antioxidants and Minerals in Crucifers","authors":"Jagdish Singh, A. Upadhyay, A. Bahadur, K. Singh","doi":"10.1300/J068v10n02_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v10n02_04","url":null,"abstract":"Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower and kale are rich sources of antioxidant phytochemicals and significant amounts of dietary fiber. This study was conducted to estimate the variability of some important antioxidants and minerals between, and within, the crucifer accessions in edible portions of plants. Significant variations for protein, carbohydrate, fiber, β-carotene, ascorbic acid and mineral content were observed between, and within, the crucifers. Total carbohydrate content ranged between 2.54 to 4.03 g/100 g, whereas, protein content ranged from 0.41 to 3.57 g/100 g of fresh weight. Mean fiber content ranged from 0.60 to 3.62 g/100 g. Vitamin C content ranged from 22.16 to 82.14 mg/100 g and β-carotene ranged from 1.56 to 9.09 mg/100 g on fresh weight basis. In general kale, broccoli and Brussels sprouts contained significantly higher amounts of vitamin C and β-carotene as compared to cabbage and cauliflower. The total nitrogen ranged from 1.36 to 4.6% and phosphorous from 0.39 to 0.81% dry weight. Sodium and potassium contents ranged from 0.17 to 0.34% and 2.18 to 3.77% respectively. The copper content was 0.01 to 0.02 mg-g−1, iron, 0.14 to 0.31 mg-g−1, manganese, 0.01 to 0.07 mg-g−1 and zinc, 0.01 to 0.12 mg-g−1. The variability of each compound within accessions can be used to estimate the potential maximum concentration of each phytochemical that can be achieved through genetic manipulation","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132086694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Water-Deficit Stress and Soil Type Effects on Spring Onion Growth","authors":"L. Abbey, D. Joyce","doi":"10.1300/J068v10n02_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v10n02_02","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Soil type and management practices can affect Allium growth and quality. This study investigated the effects of water-deficit stress and soil type on tissue water content, plant growth and dry-matter production of spring onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. White Lisbon. Seedlings were grown in a glasshouse in pots containing clay (Alluvial Gley) or sandy loam (Brown Earth). Irrigation treatments were watering to near field capacity (−0.01 MPa), or re-watering to near field capacity when the available soil moisture level was depleted to either ≤ 50% (−0.80 MPa) or ≤ 25% (−1.19 MPa). Watering to field capacity significantly (P < 0.05) increased relative water content and water potential of leaf tissue. Periodic water-deficit stress increased leaf number, but reduced leaf length. At −0.01 MPa, plant fresh weight and dry-matter content were increased, especially for plants grown on clay as compared with the −0.80 or −1.19 MPa treatments. Irrigation to near field capacity improved growth and dry-matter production. A greater proportion of colloids, and greater water storage capacity of the clay soil, compared to the sandy loam, caused an increase in plant growth and dry-matter. Attainment of functional equilibrium maintained a balance between shoots and roots fresh weight ratio, irrespective of irrigation treatment and soil type. In conclusion, deficit irrigation especially on the sandy loam caused physiological stress that reduced spring onion growth and dry-matter yield compared to regular irrigation. The good water retention capacity of the clay soil compensated for deficit irrigation compared to the sandy loam.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116758748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ozgur, A. Shehata, R. Skirvin, M. Norton, R. Mulwa, M. Uchanski, A. Hamblin, M. Babadoost
{"title":"An In Vitro Method to Rescue Embryos of Horseradish, a Reputedly Sterile Plant","authors":"M. Ozgur, A. Shehata, R. Skirvin, M. Norton, R. Mulwa, M. Uchanski, A. Hamblin, M. Babadoost","doi":"10.1300/J068v10n02_09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v10n02_09","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Horseradish has been reported to be frequently sterile and therefore difficult to improve by traditional sexual crosses. In this paper we report a simple method to perform embryo rescues on Murashige and Skoog medium without growth regulators. We then demonstrate the usefulness of the method by making crosses and self-pollinated seeds of several horseradish lines, rescuing the embryos in vitro, and growing the seedlings in soil in a greenhouse. Seedlings obtained in these experiments are being prepared for field plantings. We hope that this simple procedure will speed worldwide efforts to improve horseradish germplasm.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122228432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chromium Phytotoxicity Alters Metabolism in Radish","authors":"B. Dube, P. Sinha, R. Gopal, C. Chatterjee","doi":"10.1300/J068v10n02_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J068v10n02_06","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Industrialization has posed an increasing threat to the environment. Effluents from different industries ultimately find their way into water used to irrigate crops. There is a risk that heavy metals accumulating in these agricultural soils may eventually contaminate the human food chain. Radish, an important vegetable consumed by humans, was selected as the test plant. The cv. Jaunpuri was grown in refined sand supplemented daily for 50 days with complete nutrient solution. On the 51st day pots with plants were separated into three lots, one lot served as the control and received only the nutrient solution, and in each of two other lots chromium (Cr) as dichromate was added at 0.1 and 0.5 mM to the basal nutrient solution. At 0.5 mM Cr, toxicity symptoms were observed 5–8 days after treatment expressed as reductions in leaf size accompanied by loss of turgor, and old leaves became chlorotic and wilted. Treatment with Cr reduced growth, biomass, concentration of chlorophyll (a and b), relative water content in leaves, iron, phosphorus, sulphur in shoots (leaves and stem plate) and activity of catalase in leaves, but increased the concentration of chromium, iron, phosphorus, and sulphur in roots, and increased the activity of peroxidase and acid phosphatase in leaves of radish.","PeriodicalId":169819,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vegetable Crop Production","volume":"299 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114578563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}