{"title":"Exploring the anxiolytic mechanism of Fructus gardeniae based on metabolomics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking.","authors":"Yue Tian, Fuli Yuan, Jiao Kong, Zhenshuang Yuan, Chunxue Jia, Hongqian Kui, Ziqiang Yin, Chuanxin Liu, Jianmei Huang","doi":"10.1093/jpp/rgad102","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpp/rgad102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the effect and anxiolytic mechanism of a natural remedy called Fructus gardeniae (FG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The elevated-plus maze (EPM) test was used to confirm the anxiolytic effect of FG. The potential and anxiolytic components, targets, and route processes of FG were investigated using the network pharmacology method in conjunction with metabolomics and molecular docking technologies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FG could greatly enhance the proportion of time and times of opening arms, according to the EPM data. As to the metabolomics findings, a total of 61 distinct metabolites were found, mainly involved in glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism as well as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. The primary active ingredients of FG, nicotiflorin, jasminodiol, and crocetin, demonstrated substantial binding affinities with monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), monoamine oxidase A (ACHE), malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2), glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD2), glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS1), according to the findings of network pharmacology and molecular docking.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FG exerts an anxiolytic action via targeting MAOA, ACHE, MDH2, GAD2, GAD1, and NOS1, and regulating the metabolism of glycine, serine, and threonine as well as alanine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid.</p>","PeriodicalId":16960,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1310-1327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa Kirkby, Akmal Hidayat Bin Sabri, Amy Holmes, Gary P J Moss, David Scurr
{"title":"PAMAM dendrimers as mediators of dermal and transdermal drug delivery: a review.","authors":"Melissa Kirkby, Akmal Hidayat Bin Sabri, Amy Holmes, Gary P J Moss, David Scurr","doi":"10.1093/jpp/rgae080","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpp/rgae080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers have been widely investigated as potential nanomaterials that can enhance the skin permeation of topically applied drugs. This article reviews the studies that have used dendrimers as penetration enhancers and examines the mechanisms by which enhancement is claimed.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>A wide range of studies have demonstrated that, in certain circumstances and for certain drugs, the incorporation of dendrimers into a topically applied formulation can significantly increase the amount of drug passing into and through the skin. In some cases, dendrimers offered little or no enhancement of skin permeation, suggesting that the drug-dendrimer interaction and the selection of a specific dendrimer were central to ensuring optimal enhancement of skin permeation. Significant interactions between dendrimers and other formulation components were also reported in some cases.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Dendrimers offer substantial potential for enhancing drug delivery into and across the skin, putatively by mechanisms that include occlusion and changes to surface tension. However, most of these studies are conducted in vitro and limited progress has been made beyond such laboratory studies, some of which are conducted using membranes of limited relevance to humans, such as rodent skin. Thus, the outcomes and claims of such studies should be treated with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":16960,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1284-1300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New insight into the molecular mechanism of TCM Bufei Huoxue formula for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on network pharmacology and experimental verification.","authors":"Yuanying Zhu, Shengyuan Hao, Yan Wu, Yuxian Lin, Xuecun Liu, Ting Luo, Yubing Zhou, Xin Yang, Hui Xu","doi":"10.1093/jpp/rgae071","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpp/rgae071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To unveil the mechanism of the Bufei Huoxue formula (BHF) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through integrated network pharmacology (NP) and experimental verification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>LC-MS was first applied to the analysis of both in vitro and in vivo samples from BHF for chemical profiling. Then a ligand library was prepared for NP to reveal the mechanism of BHF against COPD. Finally, verification was performed using an animal model related to the results from the NP.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>A ligand library containing 170 compounds from BHF was obtained, while 357 targets related to COPD were filtered to construct a PPI network. GO and KEGG analysis demonstrated that bavachin, paeoniflorin, and demethylation of formononetin were the major compounds for BHF against COPD, which mainly by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. The experiments proved that BHF could alleviate lung injury and attenuate the release of TNF-α and IL-6 in the lung and BALF in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot further demonstrated the down-regulated effect of BHF on p-PI3K.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BHF provides a potent alternative for the treatment of COPD, and the mechanism is probably associated with regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway to alleviate inflammatory injury by bavachin, paeoniflorin, and demethylation of formononetin.</p>","PeriodicalId":16960,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1340-1351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Network pharmacology prediction, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation-based strategy to explore the potential mechanism of Huashanshen dripping pill against asthma.","authors":"Xiaoyu Wang, Yansu Ji, Xin Jin, Miaomiao Zhou, Yujie Wu, Yanhong Xu, Rui Liu, Jihong Feng","doi":"10.1093/jpp/rgae081","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpp/rgae081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. Huashanshen dripping pills (HSS) are commonly utilized for relieving asthma, relieving cough, and expelling phlegm. At present, the molecular mechanism against airway inflammation remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, network pharmacology, molecular docking technology, and molecular dynamic simulation were used to predict the therapeutic pathways of HSS for asthma. The ovalbumin-induced mouse model was used to further validate the prediction by RT-qPCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, and related methods.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>The findings indicate that HSS improves lung function and relieves lung inflammation by reducing inflammatory cell infiltration around the bronchus and reducing eosinophilic counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In addition, it lowers the levels of inflammatory cytokines and the expression levels of interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-13 mRNA. HSS also inhibits the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 protein.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All results suggested that HSS can decrease airway inflammation in asthmatic mice by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. This finding will shed light on how it can be used to treat asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":16960,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1362-1378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meng Liang, Siyu Dong, Yi Guo, Yuyi Zhang, Xiao Xiao, Jun Ma, Xiaowen Jiang, Wenhui Yu
{"title":"Exploration of the potential mechanism of aqueous extract of Artemisia capillaris for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on network pharmacology and experimental verification.","authors":"Meng Liang, Siyu Dong, Yi Guo, Yuyi Zhang, Xiao Xiao, Jun Ma, Xiaowen Jiang, Wenhui Yu","doi":"10.1093/jpp/rgae061","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpp/rgae061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a nutritional and metabolic disease with a high prevalence today. Artemisia capillaris has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other effects. However, the mechanism of A. capillaris in treating NAFLD is still poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study explored the mechanism of A. capillaris in the treatment of NAFLD through network pharmacology and molecular docking, and verified the results through in vivo experiments using a high-fat diet-induced mouse model and in vitro experiments using an oleic acid-induced HepG2 cell model.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Aqueous extract of A. capillaris (AEAC) can reduce blood lipids, reduce liver lipid accumulation and liver inflammation in NAFLD mice, and improve NAFLD. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that 51 drug ingredients in A. capillaris correspond to 370 targets that act on NAFLD. GEO data mining obtained 93 liver differentially expressed genes related to NAFLD. In the UHPLC-MS detection results, 36 components were characterized and molecular docked with JNK. Verified in vitro and in vivo, the results show that JNK and the phosphorylation levels of IL-6, IL-1β, c-Jun, c-Fos, and CCL2 are key targets and pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study confirmed that AEAC reduces lipid accumulation and inflammation in the liver of NAFLD mice by inhibiting the JNK/AP-1 pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":16960,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1328-1339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in inhaler therapy for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a comprehensive review of Fostair™ and Trimbow™.","authors":"Katie Foster, Chun Yuen Jerry Wong","doi":"10.1093/jpp/rgae090","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpp/rgae090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) poses considerable challenges due to the intricate nature of these respiratory conditions. Fostair™ and Trimbow™, two pressurized metered dose inhalers, have emerged as noteworthy therapeutic options for treating both asthma and COPD. Fostair combines an inhaled corticosteroid, specifically beclometasone dipropionate, with a long-acting beta2-agonist, formoterol fumarate dihydrate, offering a dual-action approach to mitigate airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Conversely, Trimbow integrates a tri-particulate formulation consisting of beclometasone dipropionate, formoterol fumarate dihydrate, and glycopyrronium bromide, providing a comprehensive strategy to target the pathophysiology of COPD and asthma. Recent clinical trials have underscored Trimbow's superior efficacy compared with Fostair, particularly in terms of reducing exacerbation rates and enhancing lung function. However, despite their therapeutic promise, both inhalers encounter challenges, including limited generalizability of study findings and a disparity between in vitro and human trial results. This literature review offers an in-depth analysis of Fostair and Trimbow, delving into their mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and outcomes in human studies for asthma and COPD. Additionally, the review discusses the role of combination therapy in managing respiratory diseases and underscores the necessity for further research to address existing knowledge gaps and optimize therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16960,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1301-1309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sajad Abolfazli, Alexandra E Butler, Prashant Kesharwani, Amirhossein Sahebkar
{"title":"The beneficial impact of curcumin on cardiac lipotoxicity.","authors":"Sajad Abolfazli, Alexandra E Butler, Prashant Kesharwani, Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1093/jpp/rgae102","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpp/rgae102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipotoxicity is defined as a prolonged metabolic imbalance of lipids that results in ectopic fat distribution in peripheral organs such as the liver, heart, and kidney. The harmful consequences of excessive lipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes cause cardiac lipotoxicity, which alters the structure and function of the heart. Obesity and diabetes are linked to lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. These anomalies might be caused by a harmful metabolic shift that accumulates toxic lipids and shifts glucose oxidation to less fatty acid oxidation. Research has linked fatty acids, fatty acyl coenzyme A, diacylglycerol, and ceramide to lipotoxic stress in cells. This stress can be brought on by apoptosis, impaired insulin signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, protein kinase C activation, p38 Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, or modification of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) family members. Curcuma longa is used to extract curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenol derivative with a variety of pharmacological characteristics. Throughout the years, curcumin has been utilized as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity drug. Curcumin reduces cardiac lipotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis and decreasing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines, activating the autophagy signaling pathway, and inhibiting the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":16960,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1269-1283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunfang Yang, Rihong Liu, Yixuan Sun, Bo Wu, Bosai He, Ying Jia, Tingxu Yan
{"title":"Schisandrin B restores M1/M2 balance through miR-124 in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 cells.","authors":"Yunfang Yang, Rihong Liu, Yixuan Sun, Bo Wu, Bosai He, Ying Jia, Tingxu Yan","doi":"10.1093/jpp/rgae079","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpp/rgae079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In this study, Schisandrin B (SCHB), the main active component of Schisandra chinensis extract (SCE), was taken as the research object. From gene, microRNA (miR-124), and the level of protein expression system to study the influences of microglia phenotype to play the role of nerve inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we investigated the role of miR-124 in regulating microglial polarization alteration and NF-κB/TLR4 signaling and MAPK signaling in the LPS-induced BV2 by PCR, western blot, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SCE and SCHB significantly reduced the NO-releasing, decreased the levels of TNF-α, iNOS, IBA-1, and ratio of CD86+/CD206+, and increased the levels of IL-10, Arg-1. In addition, SCE and SCHB inhibited the nucleus translocation of NF-κB, decreased the expressions of IKK-α, and increased the expressions of IκB-α. Besides, the expressions of TLR4 and MyD88, and the ratios of p-p38/p38, p-ERK/ERK, and p-JNK/JNK were reduced by SCE and SCHB treatments. Furthermore, SCHB upregulated the mRNA levels of miR-124. However, the effects of SCHB were reversed by the miR-124 inhibitor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggested SCHB downregulated NF-κB/TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway via miR-124 to restore M1/M2 balance and alleviate depressive symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":16960,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1352-1361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phytomedical compounds as promising therapeutic agents for COVID-19 targeting angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: a review.","authors":"Smail Amtaghri, Miloudia Slaoui, Mohamed Eddouks","doi":"10.1093/jpp/rgae101","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jpp/rgae101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of the present review was to highlight natural product investigations in silico and in vitro to find plants and chemicals that inhibit or stimulate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2).</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The global reduction of incidents and fatalities attributable to infections with SARS-CoV-2 is one of the most public health problems. In the absence of specific therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), phytocompounds generated from plant extracts may be a promising strategy worth further investigation, motivating researchers to evaluate the safety and anti-SARS-CoV-2 effectiveness of these ingredients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To review phytochemicals in silico for anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and to assess their safety and effectiveness in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present review was conducted using various scientific databases and studies on anti-SARS-CoV-2 phytochemicals were analyzed and summarized. The results obtained from the in silico screening were subjected to extraction, isolation, and purification. The in vitro studies on anti-SarcoV-2 were also included in this review. In addition, the results of this research were interpreted, analyzed, and documented on the basis of the bibliographic information obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review discusses recent research on using natural remedies to cure or prevent COVID-19 infection. The literature analysis shows that the various herbal preparations (extracts) and purified compounds can block the replication or entrance of the virus directly to carry out their anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects. It is interesting to note that certain items can prevent SARS-CoV-2 from infecting human cells by blocking the ACE-2 receptor or the serine protease TMPRRS2. Moreover, natural substances have been demonstrated to block proteins involved in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, such as papain- or chymotrypsin-like proteases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The natural products may have the potential for use singly or in combination as alternative drugs to treat/prevent COVID-19 infection, including blocking or stimulating ACE-2. In addition, their structures may provide indications for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16960,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1239-1268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway with PNU120596 protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury","authors":"Zixin Hou, Fengrui Yang, Qiang Zhang, Yuxia Wang, Junwen Liu, Feng Liang","doi":"10.1093/jpp/rgae076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jpp/rgae076","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives This study investigated the potential therapeutic benefits of PNU120596, a positive allosteric modulator of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), in mitigating acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a mouse model. Specifically, we sought to examine the impact of PNU120596 on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the context of ALI. Methods ALI was induced in mice by LPS administration, and the protective effects of PNU120596 were assessed. Lung injury, lung function, and the inflammatory response were evaluated. Additionally, the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was examined, along with the levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress markers. Key findings PNU120596 significantly ameliorated LPS-induced lung injury, improved lung function, and reduced the inflammatory response in the mouse model of ALI. Furthermore, we observed that PNU120596 inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which was associated with decreased levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress markers. Conclusions PNU120596 exhibits promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of acute lung injury, potentially by targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These findings suggest that modulation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with PNU120596 may offer a viable strategy for the management of ALI, warranting further investigation and potential clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":16960,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}