Journal of refractive surgery最新文献

{"title":"Repeatability of the ABC Parameters of the ABCD Keratoconus Grading System With Varying Zonal Averaging Diameters as Evaluated on Dual Scheimpflug/Placido and OCT/Placido Platforms.","authors":"Karen E Asfar, Perla Ibrahim, Jad F Assaf, Cynthia J Roberts, Ali Salloum, Shady T Awwad","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20250813-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20250813-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the repeatability of the ABC parameters of the ABCD progression display system, initially developed on the Pentacam HR tomography system (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH), varying zonal averaging diameters, on two non-native devices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with keratoconus underwent three consecutive scans using a dual Scheimpflug/Placido analyzer and an optical coherence tomography (OCT)/Placido platform. Repeatability was assessed for the ABC parameters thinnest pachymetry (C), anterior (A) and posterior (B) keratometry derived as zonal averages centered on the thinnest point, both axial and local anterior radius of curvature (A), posterior radius of curvature (B), and thinnest pachymetry (C). Zonal averaging diameters ranging from 1 to 8 mm were evaluated. Repeatability was assessed by within-subject standard deviation, repeatability limits (r), and coefficient of variation (CoV).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-four and 77 eyes in the dual Scheimpflug and OCT groups, respectively, were evaluated. For zonal averaging diameters of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 mm, the anterior axial curvatures for the dual Scheimpflug/Placido system demonstrated repeatability limits of 1.47, 1.07, 0.80, 0.64, 0.49, 0.40, 0.40, and 0.44 diopters (D), respectively, whereas the posterior axial curvature values were 0.49, 0.25, 0.16, 0.16, 0.17, 0.19, 0.20, and 0.23 D, respectively. For the OCT/Placido group, the 1 to 8 anterior axial curvature values were 1.18, 0.96, 0.65, 0.56, 0.50, 0.45, 0.41, and 0.38 D, respectively, whereas the posterior values were 0.64, 0.48, 0.27, 0.19, 0.16, 0.14, 0.12, and 0.11 D, respectively. Axial curvature measurements were slightly more repeatable than local measurements with the dual Scheimpflug device. For diameters of 3 mm or greater, both technologies demonstrated comparable repeatability for posterior curvatures. Repeatability was better in eyes with maximum curvature (Kmax) values of 50.00 D or less than with Kmax values of greater than 50.00 D. In eyes with Kmax values of 50.00 D or less, anterior axial keratometric zonal averaging centered on the thinnest point showed clinically acceptable repeatability at 1 mm for both the dual Scheimpflug (r = 0.74) and OCT (r = 1.06) groups, and at 3 mm in eyes with Kmax values of greater than 50.00 D for both the dual Scheimpflug (r = 1.01) and OCT (r = 0.72) groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Anterior axial keratometric zonal averaging centered on the thinnest corneal pachymetry demonstrates clinically acceptable repeatability at an optimal diameter of 2 mm overall and at 3 mm in eyes with Kmax values of greater than 50.00 D for both devices. A comparable study would help determine whether the established Pentacam's ABCD 3-mm diameter is indeed optimal when using this technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"41 10","pages":"e1115-e1126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Dynamic Visual Acuity After Diffractive Extended Depth of Focus and Monofocal Intraocular Lens Implantation for Patients With Age-Related Cataract.","authors":"Tingyi Wu, Yuexin Wang, Yuanhong Li, Yuanting Li, Xiaodan Jiang, Xuemin Li","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20250724-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20250724-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the dynamic visual acuity (DVA) after implantation of diffractive extended depth of focus (EDOF) TECNIS Symfony ZXR00 (Johnson & Johnson Vision, Inc) or monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) in patients with age-related cataract.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 109 patients with 218 eyes diagnosed as having age-related cataract were assessed for eligibility, and 80 patients with 160 eyes (40 patients each in EDOF and monofocal groups) were included in this study. Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation were performed according to grouping. The monocular and binocular uncorrected distance (UDVA), intermediate (UIVA), and near (UNVA) static visual acuity, and corrected DVA of 20 and 80 degrees per second (dps) were examined 1 month postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The postoperative monocular (<i>P</i> = .003) and binocular (<i>P</i> = .004) UNVA were significantly better in the EDOF group than the monofocal group. The binocular 80 dps DVA was significantly better in EDOF group (<i>P</i> = .042), whereas no statistical differences were observed in monocular 20 dps DVA, monocular 80 dps DVA, or binocular 20 dps DVA between two groups (all <i>P</i> > .05). The multivariate linear regression analysis suggested that postoperative binocular mean sphere (<i>P</i> = .026), binocular mean axial length (<i>P</i> = .047), and age (<i>P</i> = .028) were significantly associated with binocular 80 dps DVA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study revealed that the diffractive EDOF IOL provided better distance DVA than the monofocal IOL for patients with age-related cataract when observing high-speed moving targets binocularly. The research provided the basis of dynamic vision-guided IOL selection for patients with cataract.</p>","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"41 10","pages":"e1060-e1068"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated Quantification of Lens Cortex and Nuclear Opacity Based on Swept-Source Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography.","authors":"Xiaotong Han, Xin Zhang, Jiaqing Zhang, Haowen Lin, Yifan Xu, Chi Liu, Yifan Zhang, Aixia Jin, Deval Mehta, Xiaoxun Gu, Xiaoting Ruan, Xuhua Tan, Zongyuan Ge, Lixia Luo","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20250707-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20250707-09","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To develop and validate an automated lens cortex and nuclear opacity quantification method based on swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 504 cataract surgery candidates. Lens images were captured using swept-source AS-OCT (CASIA-2; Tomey Corporation). Based on nnUNet framework, two artificial intelligence (AI) segmentation models were independently trained to quantify opacity in the lens cortex and nucleus. Data from 275 and 229 individuals were used for lens nucleus model training and external testing, respectively. The corresponding numbers for lens cortex model were 100 and 38. Five-fold cross-validation was employed for model selection. The performance of the auto-segmentation, as well as the mean pixel intensity values within the area of interest, were evaluated against the human-generated labels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AI models demonstrated good segmentation accuracy for the lens cortex and nucleus (mean intersection over union [MIoU] = 0.959, 95% CI: 0.957 to 0.961 for cortex; MioU = 0.928, 95% CI: 0.925 to 0.931 for nucleus), and high agreement in the opacity quantification (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.9933, 95% CI: 0.9872 to 0.9965 for the cortex; ICC = 0.9939, 95% CI: 0.9921 to 0.9953 for the nucleus), compared to manual measurements by ophthalmologists.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The AI model is capable of accurately and objectively quantifying the opacity of both the lens cortex and nucleus based on swept-source AS-OCT images, thereby offering a method that is more precise, objective, and rapid for quantification in both clinical practice and research settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"41 10","pages":"e1042-e1048"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply: Objective Versus Subjective Depth of Focus.","authors":"Mayank A Nanavaty, Margarita Safir, Muhanned Alwindi","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20250915-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20250915-02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"41 10","pages":"e1157-e1159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual and Refractive Outcomes After Laser Blended Vision (PRESBYOND) in Patients With Myopia and Hyperopia.","authors":"Anton Van Heerden, Deus Bigirimana","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20250805-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20250805-04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report visual and refractive outcomes after treatment with PRESBYOND Laser Blended Vision (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) using non-linear aspheric profiles combined with micro-anisometropia laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for the correction of myopic and hyperopic presbyopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective analysis of patients treated binocularly with PRESBYOND Laser Blended Vision using the MEL-90 excimer laser and VisuMax femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG), and with at least 3-month postoperative data. Dominant eyes were targeted for plano and non-dominant eyes were targeted for myopia between -0.50 and -1.50 diopters (D). Manifest refraction, monocular and binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), monocular corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and binocular uncorrected near visual acuity were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 232 eyes of 116 patients (170 hyperopic eyes and 62 myopic eyes). In the hyperopic group, mean spherical equivalent (SEQ) was reduced from +1.49 ± 0.67 D preoperatively to -0.06 ± 0.39 D postoperatively in dominant eyes, and to -1.29 ± 0.57 D in non-dominant eyes, with 96.5% of eyes within ±1.00 D of target. Binocularly, mean UDVA was -0.06 ± 0.08 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) with 90.5% of patients 20/20 or better at distance and 98.8% reading N8 or better. In the myopic group, mean SEQ was reduced from -4.52 ± 2.28 D preoperatively to +0.12 ± 0.49 D postoperatively in dominant eyes and to -1.04 ± 0.54 D in non-dominant eyes, with 96.8% of eyes within ±1.00 D of target. Binocularly, mean UDVA was -0.07 ± 0.09 logMAR with 87.1% of patients 20/20 or better at distance and 87.1% reading N8 or better.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PRESBYOND Laser Blended Vision was a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of myopic and hyperopic presbyopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"41 10","pages":"e1089-e1097"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Performance and Refractive Outcomes of a New Monofocal Intraocular Lens With Intermediate Optimized Optics.","authors":"Marcela Feltrin de Barros, Larissa Gouvea, Christine Hill, Marcony R Santhiago, George O Waring, Karolinne M Rocha","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20250724-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20250724-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate refractive outcomes, defocus curve, wavefront analysis, and automated refraction of a novel monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) with higher order aspheric coefficients and controlled curvature change.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective observational study included 29 eyes of 29 consecutive patients with healthy eyes and normal visual potential who had undergone cataract surgery and implantation of the enVista Aspire IOL (Bausch + Lomb, Inc). Outcome measures included monocular uncorrected (UDVA), corrected (CDVA), distance-corrected intermediate (DCIVA) (at 66 cm), and distance-corrected near (DCNVA) (at 40 cm) visual acuity, defocus curve, wavefront analysis, mean refractive prediction error, and automated and manifest (MRSE) refraction spherical equivalent.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean UDVA was 20/22, with 93.1% of eyes having 20/25 or better. Mean CDVA was 20/20, with all eyes having 20/25 or better. Mean DCIVA was 20/34, with 90% of eyes having 20/40 or better. Mean DCNVA was 20/38, with 83% of eyes having 20/40 or better. The monocular defocus curve demonstrated approximately 1.50 diopters (D) depth of focus for visual acuity of 0.2 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution or better. Postoperative mean MRSE was close to emmetropia (0.02 ± 0.29 D), and 96.6% of eyes were within ±0.50 D. Automated refraction measured with ray-tracing, dynamic sciascopy, and Hartmann-Shack devices were within ±0.25 D of the subjective refraction. The postoperative ocular 4th-order spherical aberration measured with Hartmann-Shack aberrometer was 0.08 and 0.15 µm for a 4.5- and 6-mm pupil, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Implantation of a new enhanced monofocal IOL demonstrated useful near and intermediate vision while maintaining excellent distance acuity. Wavefront analysis revealed minimal postoperative spherical aberration, and the automated refraction was near emmetropia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"41 10","pages":"e1069-e1075"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total Corneal Wavefront-guided Ablation for Optical Improvement of a Patient After Radial Keratotomy and Before Cataract Surgery.","authors":"Luis Guillermo Páparo Millán, Samuel Arba-Mosquera","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20250805-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20250805-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report a case in which a corneal wavefront-guided ablation to regularize the cornea years after radial keratotomy was used as corneal optical improvement before cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 68-year-old woman presented with an earlier radial keratotomy treatment and the presence of a nuclear cataract in both eyes. Her uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 20/160 or worse in both eyes with J10 or worse for uncorrected near visual acuity, with a correction of +3.50 -1.50 × 110 in the right eye and +4.25 diopter sphere in the left eye. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) improved to 20/40- and 20/50+, respectively. The grading of the cataract was according to Lens Opacities Classification System III: nuclear opalescence (NO) 1.8, cortical cataract (C) 1, and posterior subcapsular (P) cataract 0 in both eyes. A therapeutic corneal wavefront-guided minimized ablation protocol to regularize the cornea years after radial keratotomy was used as corneal optical improvement before cataract surgery. Ablation was performed using the SCHWIND AMARIS excimer laser (SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions). Preoperative and postoperative corneal wave aberrations were analyzed using the MS-39 anterior segment optical coherence tomographer (CSO).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Refraction improved in both eyes, with refractive astigmatism corrected to subclinical levels. UDVA improved to 20/32, CDVA improved to 20/25, and aberrations were reduced by more than 60% compared to preoperative baseline levels. For corneal aberrations, coma, spherical aberration, and tetrafoil were reduced by 38% and 62% (coma), 98%, and 86% (spherical aberration), and 75% and 33% (tetrafoil), in the right and left eyes, respectively. The patient was so satisfied with the outcome after ablation that she decided to refuse/delay/postpone the cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Eliminating most corneal higher order aberrations may recover visual function in highly aberrated eyes with cataract to an extent that may help some patients to postpone the cataract surgery. The used protocol improved corneal optics while minimizing tissue removal in refractive surgery, but further clinical evaluations are needed to confirm preliminary results.</p>","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"41 10","pages":"e1149-e1156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Differentiation of Presbyopia-Correcting Intraocular Lenses With Improved Intermediate Vision From a Single Manufacturer.","authors":"Hyeck-Soo Son, Grzegorz Łabuz, Zhiyi Wu, Chul Young Choi, Ramin Khoramnia, Gerd U Auffarth, Tamer Tandogan","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20250805-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20250805-05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the visual quality metrics of monofocal and presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses (IOLs) produced by the same manufacturer (Johnson & Johnson Vision).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This laboratory study analyzed IOLs featuring a TECNIS hydrophobic material, including a monofocal lens (ZCB00), a monofocal lens with improved intermediate vision (Eyhance ICB00), and two different extended-depth-of focus (EDOF) lenses (Symfony and PureSee). An optical bench was used to measure the modulation transfer function (MTF) and United States Air Force (USAF) targets at pupil sizes of 2 to 4.5 mm using polychromatic light and a model cornea with +0.27 µm spherical aberration. Weighted optical transfer function (OTF) was used to simulate the clinical visual acuity and point spread function (PSF) was employed to estimate the light distribution and halo size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All lenses demonstrated comparable optical quality at far distance with simulated visual acuity better than 0.0 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR). However, at the intermediate distance of 67 cm, distinct differences emerged: the Symfony lens showed a secondary visual acuity peak due to its bifocal design, whereas the PureSee lens outperformed Eyhance lens in simulated visual acuity between -1.00 and -2.00 diopters. The Eyhance and PureSee lenses exhibited pupil-dependent behavior, with a myopic shift in far focus at smaller pupil sizes (< 3 mm), whereas the Symfony lens maintained stable performance. Notably, photic phenomena were minimal for the Eyhance and PureSee lenses and similar to the monofocal ZCB00 lens, whereas the Symfony lens displayed pronounced halos.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although all lenses performed well at distance, differences in intermediate vision, pupil dependency, and photic phenomena highlight the importance of individualized IOL selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"41 10","pages":"e1098-e1105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of ICL Fixation Direction on Postoperative Vault and Prediction Accuracy Using the KS Formula.","authors":"Shuntaro Tsunehiro, Kimiya Shimizu, Masahide Takahashi, Misae Ito, Aya Saito","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20250624-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20250624-06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare postoperative vault measurements between horizontal and vertical fixation of the Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) (KS-AquaPORT; STAAR Surgical) when its size is determined using the KS formula.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed 2,343 eyes from 1,275 patients who underwent myopic ICL implantation. Pre-operative anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) (CASIA 2; Tomey Corporation) was performed in both horizontal and vertical orientations. ICL size was determined using the KS formula integrated into the imaging device, and postoperative vault measurements were compared between horizontal and vertical fixation groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean postoperative vault was significantly larger in the horizontal fixation group (0.50 ± 0.20 mm) compared to the vertical fixation group (0.43 ± 0.17 mm; <i>P</i> < .001). The proportion of eyes with an extraordinarily high vault (⩾ 1 mm) was significantly higher in the horizontal fixation group (7 of 827 eyes; 0.85%) than in the vertical fixation group (2 of 1,516 eyes; 0.13%; <i>P</i> = .012). Prediction error was also significantly greater in the horizontal group (0.08 ± 0.16 vs 0.06 ± 0.14 mm; <i>P</i> < .001). Similarly, the median absolute error was significantly larger in the horizontal group (0.108 vs 0.085 mm; <i>P</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>When ICL sizing is determined using the KS formula, horizontal fixation results in a larger postoperative vault and lower prediction accuracy compared to vertical fixation. These findings support vertical fixation as a potentially safer and more predictable approach for ICL implantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"41 9","pages":"e929-e935"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embracing Darkness.","authors":"Antonia Moreno","doi":"10.3928/1081597X-20250708-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20250708-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16951,"journal":{"name":"Journal of refractive surgery","volume":"41 9","pages":"e881"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}