{"title":"Environmentally-friendly solvent pulping and grafting strategies for better foamability of poly(lactic acid)/agricultural waste biocomposites","authors":"Pedram Bahrami, Parisa Morsali, Danial Abbasi, Farkhondeh Hemmati, Jamshid Mohammadi-Roshandeh","doi":"10.1177/07316844241264310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241264310","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the foamability of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) through a continuous extrusion process was enhanced by using an agricultural waste, environmentally friendly pulping methods, and reactive compatibilization of the lignocellulosic filler with matrix in the extrusion flow field. Both applied solvent-pulping methods by using chemicals with low safety and toxicity risks were considerably successful in purifying the micron-sized cellulosic fibers of rice straw (RS). The interface of PLA matrix with RS pulp fibers was modified by applying reactive compatibilizers containing maleic anhydride (MA) and epoxy functional groups. Both compatibilizers had the ability to simultaneously react with the hydroxyl groups of RS pulp fibers and end groups of PLA chains during the melt-compounding process. As a result of RS pulping and PLA/RS pulp compatibilizing reactions, the processability of PLA in an extrusion foaming process was substantially enhanced, in a way that the void fraction and cell density of PLA foam increased more than seven and two times, respectively. The extruded lightweight all-green biocomposite foams can be applied in construction and packaging applications.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on effects of braiding process on the composite preform quality using finite element method","authors":"Zufeng Shang, Xingtao Hu, Qinchuan Li, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1177/07316844241263202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241263202","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of a braided preform significantly impacts composite performance and its manufacturing control is paramount. However, predicting the braiding process, especially for irregular composite shapes, poses challenges. To tackle the problem, this paper proposes a numerical modeling method based on the software Abaqus. It is firstly utilized to declare the dynamic stabilization mechanism of the braiding progress on a circular and straight mandrel, validating the deposit plane position and braiding angle against theoretical results. The stable deposit plane position is then used to guide the initial placement of the mandrels with irregular geometries, such as complex, varying profile and curved centerline. Based on the method, uniform braiding configurations are obtained numerically, with their patterns discussed via comparisons with results from mismatched mandrel placements. Fiber distribution rules on different irregular geometric features have also been investigated. The method proposed can guide the mandrel control and improve the braiding quality of irregular composite preforms during manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunxiang Zhang, Jianning Zhu, Yang Sun, Yibo Sun, Li Zou, Xinhua Yang
{"title":"Ultrasonic bonding with variable amplitude fuzzy control based on force signals for Polymethyl Methacrylate","authors":"Yunxiang Zhang, Jianning Zhu, Yang Sun, Yibo Sun, Li Zou, Xinhua Yang","doi":"10.1177/07316844241263187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241263187","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasonic bonding is an emerging technology in the field of micro-assembly. Traditional ultrasonic bonding processes are controlled by time, pressure, or electrical energy, but higher precision is required for interface fusion control. In this paper, a variable amplitude ultrasonic bonding method based on fuzzy control is proposed. Two fuzzy controllers are designed by the fuzzy control algorithm with dynamic and static force signals as inputs and ultrasonic amplitude as output. In the early stage of bonding, the initial melting of the contact surface is accelerated, and the generation of overflow defects is inhibited by the realization of a large amplitude. In the middle and late stages of bonding, the whole interface fusion is achieved with smaller amplitudes to weaken the bubble defect. The bonding experiment between the micro connecting tube and substrate of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is carried out to investigate the fusion of interface. The effects of different amplitude parameters on air bubbles and overflow defects are analyzed. Results indicate that the suppression of overflow and air bubbles is obvious, and the overflow ratio can be reduced to 2%. The stability and accuracy of interface fusion are improved.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating thermal and free vibrational properties of fabric sandwich composite materials for car hood application","authors":"Melese Shiferaw Kebede, Asmamaw Tegegne Abebe, Assefa Asmare Tsegaw, Teshome Mulatie Bogale, Samuel Tesfaye Mekonone","doi":"10.1177/07316844241257595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241257595","url":null,"abstract":"Textile fabric wastes are the second most polluting materials in the world after plastic. This study investigated the thermal and free vibrational properties of the sandwich composites prepared from recycled fabric materials. Grey cotton fabric(C) and wool garment waste (G) reinforced a polyester matrix in a different layer arrangement (CCCC, CGCG, CGGC, GCCG, GGGG, and chopped). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dilatometry were performed to determine the thermal properties. TGA results showed similar initial weight loss for GCCG, CCCC, and CGGC (within a range of 25 °C–800°C) and for GCGC, GGGG, and chopped arrangements. All composites exhibited thermal stability up to 305°C. Between 310°C and 405°C, a gradual mass loss was observed, followed by more significant degradation above 405°C and residual mass loss observed at 655°C. Dilatometry tests reveal minimal volume change up to a heating temperature of 300°C for all durations (20 min, 40 min, and 60 min). In addition, the free-vibration analysis indicated poor energy-absorbing properties for CCCC, while CGGC sandwich composite specimen exhibited better energy-absorbing properties. Based on these results, it can be concluded that these composite materials are suitable for applications such as car hoods, which typically function below 105°C temperatures.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141502589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing properties of natural rubber nanocomposites with hybrid fillers and ionic liquid","authors":"Kriengsak Damampai, Skulrat Pichaiyut, Charoen Nakason","doi":"10.1177/07316844241263196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241263196","url":null,"abstract":"Natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs), CNT/silver nanoparticles (AgNP) hybrid fillers, and CNT-AgNP in the presence of varying loadings of ionic liquid (IL). SEM micrographs confirmed the successful decoration of AgNP on CNT surfaces and the formation of filler networks, facilitated by connecting end-to-end CNT bundles with AgNP. The incorporation of CNTs into NR resulted in superior mechanical strength, initial modulus, torque difference, crosslink density, vulcanization rate, and electrical properties in contrast to the gum NR vulcanizate. The decoration of CNT surfaces with AgNP and their end-to-end connection further elevated these properties. Additionally, the introduction of IL to form NR/CNT-AgNP/IL nanocomposites accelerated the curing properties, evidenced by an increased cure rate index and reduced scorch and cure times. Incorporating 1 to 3 phr of IL significantly enhances mechanical, thermo-mechanical, torque difference, crosslink density, and associated properties. However, exceeding 3 phr leads to property deterioration due to notable formation of filler agglomerations and IL pools in the NR/CNT-AgNP/IL nanocomposites containing 5 and 7 phr of IL. In contrast, electrical conductivity continues to increase beyond the 3 phr IL threshold, attributed to the emergence of IL pools serving as a highly conductive electrolyte. Graphical abstract.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehdi Elhamnia, Parsa Dadashi, Ghodratollah Hashemi Motlagh
{"title":"Investigating competition of strong interfacial interaction and chain scission in PBAT/EVOH/GO composite by rheological measurements","authors":"Mehdi Elhamnia, Parsa Dadashi, Ghodratollah Hashemi Motlagh","doi":"10.1177/07316844241256416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241256416","url":null,"abstract":"The blends of poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate)/poly(ethylene-vinyl alcohol) (PBAT/EVOH) with varying amounts of graphene oxide (GO) were prepared by melt mixing. The localization of GO in PBAT and at the interface was confirmed by morphological evaluation. The dual effect of GO in degradation of PBAT phase and interface improvement of PBAT/EVOH was examined by rheological measurements and models. The results showed that the improved interfacial interaction induced by GO dominates its degradation effect in PBAT. Rheological analysis revealed that the interfacial elasticity originating from GO dominates the total elasticity of the system, resulting in an increase in the final elasticity. Generalized Fractional Zener (GFZ) model was used to analyze elasticity of the polymer blend and its nanocomposites with a well fit to the experimental results. Also, the Lee–Park model was used to distinguish the effects of particle interactions as well as interface strengthening from deterioration of matrix modulus due to PBAT degradation by GO. The increased elasticity of the interface showed that the strengthening effect of GO at the interface overcomes its degradation effect. Also, the application of Coran model to analyze phase homogeneity revealed a linear increase in interfacial interaction with GO concentration.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heterostructured three-dimension MXene/short carbon fiber to enhance thermal, mechanical and tribological properties of epoxy composites","authors":"Yun Song, Shaowei Li, Yujian Liu, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1177/07316844241256425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241256425","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer composites play an essential role in the field of friction materials. However, severe environment is still big challenges for their application. Three-dimension MXene/short carbon fiber (SCF) was prepared to improve the thermal, mechanical, and tribological performance of epoxy resin. When the mass ratio of MXene to SCF is 1:150, the MXenes are uniformly anchored on the surface of SCF under the strong hydrogen bonding interaction, leading to stable heterostructure and abundant surface functional groups. Owing to the excellent synergy between the MXene and SCF, the modified epoxy composite exhibits superior mechanical and thermal properties, as well as high thermal conductivity. Moreover, it has excellent tribological performance with an average friction coefficient of 0.44 and a specific wear rate of 3.0 × 10<jats:sup>-</jats:sup><jats:sup>6</jats:sup> mm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>·N<jats:sup>-</jats:sup><jats:sup>1</jats:sup> ⋅m<jats:sup>-</jats:sup><jats:sup>1</jats:sup> in 2 hours, which reduced by 35.3% and 97.1% than those of epoxy resin, respectively.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuanrong Sun, Congli Hu, Chuansheng Li, Yihang Qu, Minglei Ji, Cuiping Chen, Jianbo Li
{"title":"Performance and application of pultrusion-processed fibre-reinforced composites in large-scale wind turbine blades","authors":"Yuanrong Sun, Congli Hu, Chuansheng Li, Yihang Qu, Minglei Ji, Cuiping Chen, Jianbo Li","doi":"10.1177/07316844241256806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241256806","url":null,"abstract":"Pultruded composite materials have broad application prospects in the field of wind power generation. In this study, we explored the application of three different pultruded composites for the spar caps of wind turbine blades. Through comprehensive morphological, thermal, and mechanical analyses, as well as static and fatigue loading tests, we assessed the properties of these composites. Notably, the pultruded composites demonstrated high modulus, adequate strength, and excellent fatigue resistance. Among them, the optimal composite had an elastic modulus that was 46.4% higher than that of an E-glass vacuum-assisted resin-infused laminate. To further investigate their viability, we constructed a finite element model for a wind turbine blade with a pultruded composite spar cap using ANSYS. The results indicated that in a 94-m blade, replacing the E-glass vacuum-assisted resin-infused blade spar cap with the pultruded composite would result in a substantial 32.5% weight reduction. Finally, a 94-m blade was prototyped and tested, confirming its compliance with static and fatigue loading requirements. This study contributes to the advancement of composite materials and manufacturing methods for large-scale wind turbine blades.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of magnesium and calcium sulfate whisker on crystallization characteristics of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) and Poly(butylene succinate)","authors":"Hsu-I Mao, Shu-Hui Liu, Jui-Ching Chu, Jia-Wei Shiu, Pei-Yin Chen, Chin-Wen Chen","doi":"10.1177/07316844241255166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241255166","url":null,"abstract":"Inorganic fillers of whisker-like morphology are considered promising materials, and they have gained significant attention in recent years as a substitute for glass fibers due to their fibrous surface characteristics and extremely low bulk density. This study selected magnesium sulfate whiskers (MSWs) containing crystal water and pure calcium sulfate whiskers (CSWs) as fillers. They were physically blended with biodegradable polymers PBAT and PBS in a range of 0.1 wt.% to 2 wt.% to form composite materials. The non-isothermal crystallization behavior of the composite materials was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The data indicated that with an increase in whisker content, the crystallization temperature (T<jats:sub>c</jats:sub>) of composites increased, and the addition of a small amount of whiskers led to a reduction in the half-crystallization time of the composite materials, indicating the crystallization capacity of the materials has been enhanced to varying degrees. Analysis via POM unveiled a consistent pattern of decreased spherulite size and heightened spherulite count with the introduction of whiskers. This phenomenon is ascribed to the whisker fillers’ function as nucleating agents within the polymer matrices, thereby stimulating the crystallization process. Interestingly, the findings suggest that CSWs exert a more significant influence on crystallization than MSWs, likely due to the distinct single fiber morphology of the former filler.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamza Arda Deveci, Hatice Seçil Artem, Mehmet Deniz Güneş, Metin Tanoğlu
{"title":"Fatigue-resistant design of carbon/epoxy composites based on a failure tensor polynomial model by particle swarm optimization-sequential quadratic programming algorithm","authors":"Hamza Arda Deveci, Hatice Seçil Artem, Mehmet Deniz Güneş, Metin Tanoğlu","doi":"10.1177/07316844241256815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07316844241256815","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a design procedure to find the optimum fiber orientations of carbon/epoxy composite laminates for fatigue life advancement. The approach incorporates a fatigue failure tensor polynomial model and employs a hybrid algorithm, combining particle swarm optimization and sequential quadratic programming. Firstly, material properties of quasi-static and fatigue of the carbon/epoxy composites, fabricated by the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding method, were determined to be used in the model. Various design problems involving two optimization scenarios were then solved using the hybrid algorithm. The algorithm’s performance was also evaluated by specific test problems, confirming its speed and robustness. The optimally fiber-oriented carbon/epoxy composite laminates having maximum fatigue lives were obtained for many critical in-plane cyclic loading cases. To validate the proposed design procedure, two optimum designs were experimentally verified under uniaxial loading conditions. The results indicated a good correlation between the estimated fatigue life of the optimally designed laminates and experimental data. This methodology offers a promising approach for the design of carbon/epoxy composite laminates with superior fatigue strength, particularly significant in specific industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":16943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}