{"title":"Parallel expression patterns of NR4A nuclear receptor family genes in the pituitary gland of proestrus rats.","authors":"Ryota Terashima, Daiki Nagao, Masato Ikeo, Keisuke Morioka, Titaree Laoharatchatathanin, Shiro Kurusu, Mitsumori Kawaminami","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2023-090","DOIUrl":"10.1262/jrd.2023-090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The NR4A nuclear receptor family (NR4As), encompassing NR4A1, NR4A2, and NR4A3, exerts pivotal roles in cellular processes through intricate expression patterns and interactions. Despite the influence of some NR4As on anterior pituitary functions regulated by the hypothalamus, their physiological expression patterns remain unclear. In our prior work, we demonstrated the specific upregulation of NR4A3 in the rat anterior pituitary gland during the proestrus afternoon, coinciding with a gonadotropin surge. In this study, we investigated changes in pituitary Nr4a gene expression throughout the estrous cycle in rats and a gonadotropin surge-induced model. Nr4a1 and Nr4a2 gene expression significantly increased during proestrus, aligning with previous observations for Nr4a3. Furthermore, prolactin gene expression increased sequentially with rising Nr4a gene expression, while thyroid-stimulating hormone beta gene expression remained stable. Immunohistochemistry revealed a widespread and differential distribution of NR4A proteins in the anterior pituitary, with NR4A1 and NR4A3 being particularly abundant in thyrotrophs, and NR4A2 in gonadotrophs. In estrogen-treated ovariectomized rats, elevated luteinizing hormone secretion corresponded to markedly upregulated expression of Nr4a1, Nr4a2, and Nr4a3. In gonadotroph and somatomammotroph cell lines, gonadotropin- and thyrotropin-releasing hormones transiently and dose-dependently increased the expression of Nr4a genes. These findings suggest that hypothalamic hormone secretion during proestrus may induce the parallel expression of pituitary Nr4a genes, potentially influencing the pituitary gene expression program related to endocrine functions before and after ovulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":" ","pages":"115-122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11017097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139723086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of globin peptide on female fertility in aging granulosa cell-specific Nrg1 knockout mice","authors":"Takashi UMEHARA, Marino OGASAHARA, D.M.V. Supun PREMARATHNE, Yuka SASAKAWA, Yasuo SUMIDA, Masayuki SHIMADA","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2023-076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2023-076","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Ovarian fibrosis contributes to age-related ovarian dysfunction. In our previous study, we observed ovarian fibrosis in both obese and aging mice with intracellular lipid droplets in the fibrotic ovaries. Although the importance of mitochondria in ovarian fibrosis has been recognized in pharmacological studies, their role in lipid metabolism remains unclear. Globin peptide (GP), derived from hemoglobin, enhances lipid metabolism in obese mice. This study aimed to elucidate the importance of lipid metabolism in ovarian fibrosis by using GP. Treatment of ovarian stromal cells with GP increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption during β-oxidation. Lipid accumulation was also observed in the ovaries of granulosa cell-specific <i>Nrg1</i> knockout mice (gc<i>Nrg1</i>KO), and the administration of GP to gc<i>Nrg1</i>KO mice for two months reduced ovarian lipid accumulation and fibrosis in addition to restoring the estrous cycle. GP holds promise for mitigating lipid-related ovarian issues and provides a novel approach to safeguarding ovarian health by regulating fibrosis via lipid pathways.</p>\u0000<p></p>\u0000<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/pub/jrd/advpub/0/advpub_2023-076/figure/advpub_2023-076.jpg\"/>\u0000Graphical Abstract <span style=\"padding-left:5px;\">Fullsize Image</span>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":"285 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140105679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chromatin structure in totipotent mouse early preimplantation embryos","authors":"Masatoshi OOGA","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2023-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2023-106","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Totipotency refers to the ability of a single cell to give rise to all the different cell types in the body. Terminally differentiated germ cells (spermatozoa and oocytes) undergo reprogramming, which results in the acquisition of totipotency in zygotes. Since the 1990s, numerous studies have focused on the mechanisms of totipotency. With the emergence of the concept of epigenetic reprogramming, which is important for the undifferentiated and differentiated states of cells, the epigenomes of germ cells and fertilized eggs have been thoroughly analyzed. However, in early immunostaining studies, detailed epigenomic information was difficult to obtain. In recent years, the explosive development of next-generation sequencing has made it possible to acquire genome-wide information and the rise of genome editing has facilitated the analysis of knockout mice, which was previously difficult. In addition, live imaging can effectively analyze zygotes and 2-cell embryos, for which the number of samples is limited, and provides biological insights that cannot be obtained by other methods. In this review, the progress of our research using these advanced techniques is traced back from the present to its earliest years.</p>\u0000<p></p>\u0000<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/pub/jrd/advpub/0/advpub_2023-106/figure/advpub_2023-106.png\"/>\u0000Graphical Abstract <span style=\"padding-left:5px;\">Fullsize Image</span>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140056941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-concentration bovine serum albumin enhances fertilization ability of cold-stored rat sperm","authors":"Katsuma YAMAGA, Satohiro NAKAO, Nobuyuki MIKODA, Jorge Mario SZTEIN, Naomi NAKAGATA, Toru TAKEO","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2023-085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2023-085","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Cold transport of the cauda epididymides is a useful technique for shipping laboratory rat sperm. Cold transport of rat sperm avoids potential risks of microbiological infection, animal escape or death, and animal welfare issues. Previously, we reported that a cold-storage solution containing dimethyl sulfoxide and quercetin maintained the fertility of cold-stored rat sperm. However, cold-stored rat sperm exhibited a decreased fertilization rate after 24-h storage. To recover the fertility of cold-stored sperm, we focused on the effects of bovine serum albumin (BSA), a cholesterol acceptor that induces sperm capacitation. We sought to determine the optimal concentration of BSA in fertilization medium based on the fertility of cold-stored rat sperm. High concentrations of BSA (40 mg/ml) enhanced the fertilization rate of cold-stored rat sperm and maintained sperm fertility for 144 h. Embryos derived from cold-stored and BSA-treated sperm normally developed into pups after embryo transfer. In summary, high BSA concentrations enhanced the fertility of cold-stored rat sperm and prolonged the storage period to 144 h, thereby expanding the transportable region for genetically engineered rats.</p>\u0000<p></p>\u0000<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/pub/jrd/advpub/0/advpub_2023-085/figure/advpub_2023-085.png\"/>\u0000Graphical Abstract <span style=\"padding-left:5px;\">Fullsize Image</span>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140008653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time elapsed between ovulation and insemination determines the quality of fertilized rat oocytes","authors":"Naomi NAKAGATA, Satohiro NAKAO, Nobuyuki MIKODA, Katsuma YAMAGA, Toru TAKEO","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2023-067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2023-067","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Genetically modified rats are valuable models in human disease research. We recently developed an improved system for rat sperm cryopreservation and <i>in vitro</i> fertilization (IVF) that facilitates the efficient production and preservation of genetically modified rats. In the IVF procedure performed using frozen–thawed rat sperm, the IVF schedule is fixed to ensure timely hormone administration and oocyte collection. To enhance the flexibility of the IVF schedule, possible periods of postovulated rat oocytes with normal fertility and developmental abilities should be determined. Therefore, in this study, we examined the fertilization and developmental ability of incubated oocytes 1–13 h after oocyte collection at 9:00 AM. The fertilization rate decreased 7 h after oocyte collection, and abnormally fertilized oocytes appeared 10 h after oocyte collection. The developmental rate also decreased 7 h after oocyte collection; however, live pups were obtained from oocytes 12 h after oocyte collection. In summary, ovulated rat oocytes exhibited a high developmental ability after IVF for up to 4 h after oocyte collection.</p>\u0000<p></p>\u0000<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/pub/jrd/advpub/0/advpub_2023-067/figure/advpub_2023-067.png\"/>\u0000Graphical Abstract <span style=\"padding-left:5px;\">Fullsize Image</span>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139950578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of chemokines in regulating luteal and uterine functions in pregnant cows","authors":"Ryosuke SAKUMOTO","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2023-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2023-100","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Pregnancy is intricately regulated by the interactions between various bioactive substances secreted by the conceptus, uterus, and corpus luteum (CL). Interferon-τ, synthesized and secreted by the conceptus, plays a central role in the interaction mechanism of maternal recognition in cows. Chemokines, chemotaxis mediators that are primarily secreted by immune cells, regulate various reproductive responses in various species. Although there are scattered reports on the potential roles of chemokines in the bovine CL and the uterus during the estrous cycle, there is little information on chemokines in these organs during pregnancy. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the possible physiological roles of chemokines in the CL and uterus of pregnant cows, focusing on our recent findings on chemokines and changes in their receptor expression in the CL and endometrium of cows at some stages of pregnancy.</p>\u0000<p></p>\u0000<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/pub/jrd/advpub/0/advpub_2023-100/figure/advpub_2023-100.jpg\"/>\u0000Graphical Abstract <span style=\"padding-left:5px;\">Fullsize Image</span>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":"153 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139950543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Capturing temperature changes on the ocular surface along with estrus and ovulation using infrared thermography in Japanese Black cows.","authors":"Riho Ozaki, Seiji Inoue, Yuki Yorozui, Rei Ichikawa, Naoki Yamada, Seiya Higashi, Shuichi Matsuyama, Hiroko Tsukamura, Satoshi Ohkura, Yoshihisa Uenoyama, Yasuhiro Morita","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2022-116","DOIUrl":"10.1262/jrd.2022-116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pre-ovulatory follicles are cooler than the neighboring reproductive organs in cows. Thus, measuring the temperature of reproductive organs could be a useful method for predicting estrus and ovulation in cows, and the establishment of a non-invasive technique is required. In this study, we used infrared thermography (IRT) to measure ocular surface temperature as a potential surrogate for reproductive organ temperature. Five Japanese Black cows with synchronized estrus were subjected to temperature measurements in five regions of the ocular surface, including the nasal conjunctiva, nasal limbus, center cornea, temporal limbus, and temporal conjunctiva, twice a day (0800 h and 1600 h) during the experimental period. The temperatures in the five regions significantly declined in cows from estrus to ovulation. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to use IRT to show a temperature decrease in the ocular surface along with estrus to ovulation in Japanese Black cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":" ","pages":"49-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10902635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138440895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chihiro Emori, Mayo Kodani, Ferheen Abbasi, Masashi Mori, Masahito Ikawa
{"title":"PABPN1L is required for maternal mRNA degradation after meiosis resumption.","authors":"Chihiro Emori, Mayo Kodani, Ferheen Abbasi, Masashi Mori, Masahito Ikawa","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2023-077","DOIUrl":"10.1262/jrd.2023-077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) play roles in mRNA maturation, translational activity, and decay. The functions of PABPs, especially PABPN1 and PABPC1, in somatic cells have been well-studied. However, little is known about the roles of PABPs in oocytes because of the unique mechanisms of mRNA metabolism in oocytes. This study focused on PABPN1L and generated Pabpn1l knockout (KO) mice using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. After mating tests, we found that Pabpn1l KO females were infertile due to the failure of the embryos to develop to the 4-cell stage. RNA-seq analysis revealed aberrant mRNA persistence in Pabpn1l KO-MII oocytes, which indicates impaired mRNA degradation during the germinal vesicle (GV) to MII transition. We also revealed that the exogenous expression of Pabpn1l mRNA in KO-GV oocytes recovered defects of embryonic development. PABPN1L is partly indispensable for female fertility in mice, owing to its necessity for embryonic development, which is supported by mRNA degradation during GV to MII maturation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":" ","pages":"10-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10902638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138498668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lipid droplets synthesized during luteinization are degraded after pregnancy","authors":"Junichiro MITSUI, Megumi IBAYASHI, Ryutaro AIZAWA, Tomonori ISHIKAWA, Naoyuki MIYASAKA, Satoshi TSUKAMOTO","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2023-095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2023-095","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>After pregnancy, the corpus luteum (CL) functions as a transient endocrine gland that produces progesterone, which is necessary to maintain pregnancy. To maintain constant progesterone production, CLs are enriched in lipids as its precursors. Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles that originate from the endoplasmic reticulum and store neutral lipids such as triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters. The size and number of LDs in a cell are regulated by LD-associated proteins that coat their surface. LD degradation is regulated by either neutral lipid hydrolases (lipolysis), selective autophagic mechanism (lipophagy), or both. Mammalian CLs are long known to be enriched in LDs, but LDs are rapidly depleted after pregnancy and reappear near the time of delivery. In this present study, we hypothesized that LDs synthesized by luteinization are massively degraded after pregnancy. Using mCherry-HPos mice, in which LD synthesis can be visualized <i>in vivo</i>, we found that LD synthesis, which was activated during luteal development, was suppressed after implantation. In CLs, LD synthesis remained low during pregnancy, but was reactivated before and after delivery. These changes in LDs were confirmed using electron microscopy and immunostaining. Furthermore, LD degradation was mediated by lipolysis rather than lipophagy. In summary, our findings indicate that luteinization-induced LD synthesis is suppressed after pregnancy onset and that CLs are lipid-poor during pregnancy because LDs stored during luteal development are extensively degraded by lipolysis.</p>\u0000<p></p>\u0000<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/pub/jrd/advpub/0/advpub_2023-095/figure/advpub_2023-095.jpg\"/>\u0000Graphical Abstract <span style=\"padding-left:5px;\">Fullsize Image</span>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139678088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The fertility of dairy heifers and cows is not influenced by the follicular wave of the ovulatory follicle","authors":"Javad MOHAMMADI, Mehdi AZARI, Mojtaba KAFI","doi":"10.1262/jrd.2023-084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2023-084","url":null,"abstract":"</p><p>Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of the follicular wave on ovarian function and fertility in dairy heifers and lactating cows. In study 1, the estrous cycle of the selected Holstein heifers was initially synchronized using two intra-muscular prostaglandin F<sub>2α</sub> (PGF<sub>2α</sub>) administrations 11 days apart. Heifers in group FFW (n = 14) received an intra-muscular 500 μg PGF<sub>2α</sub> administration on day 7 after detecting standing estrus, while Heifers in group SFW (n = 14) were administered PGF<sub>2α</sub> 13 days after detecting standing estrus. The pregnancy rates of FFW (n = 98) and SFW (n = 100) heifers were also determined 35–37 days after artificial insemination (AI). In Study 2, healthy Holstein lactating cows (n = 28) were randomly assigned to either the FFW (n = 14) or SFW (n = 14) groups. The estrous cycles of the cows were presynchronized using two intra-muscular administrations of PGF<sub>2α </sub>given 14 days apart. Then, the emergences of the follicular waves were induced using an Ovsynch protocol. The pregnancy rate of FFW (n = 99) versus SFW (n = 98) cows was also determined 35–37 days after AI. The ovulatory follicle and corpus luteum (CL) resulting from the ovulatory follicle of FFW were larger than those of the dominant follicle and the CL of SFW in dairy heifers and lactating cows. However, the pregnancy rate did not differ between the FFW and SFW groups in heifers and lactating cows 35–37 days after AI. In conclusion, although the characteristics of the ovulatory follicles in FFW versus SFW animals differed, the follicular wave in dairy heifers or lactating cows did not affect fertility.</p>\u0000<p></p>","PeriodicalId":16942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproduction and Development","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139501064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}