Journal of Rare Earths最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing downshift luminescence of double perovskites Cs2NaBiCl6:Er3+/Ho3+ through Sb3+ ions alloying and anti-counterfeiting application","authors":"Yuhong Zhang,&nbsp;Xuezhong Yang,&nbsp;Hongqun Zhu,&nbsp;Chunhui Sun,&nbsp;Haoran Wang,&nbsp;Haozhou Tian,&nbsp;Hang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.09.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.09.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here, a new type of Sb³⁺ ions alloying with RE³⁺ (RE = Er, Ho) ions heavy concentration doped Cs₂NaBiCl₆ double perovskites (DPs) was successfully synthesized by solvothermal method. The structure and morphology of all samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The excitation and emission spectra for all samples are investigated in detailed. Under 354 nm excitation, a strong broad blue emission band from 400 to 500 nm is obtained in Cs₂NaBiCl₆:15 mol%Sb³⁺ DPs. Compared with the Cs₂NaBiCl₆:RE³⁺ sample, the emission intensities of Er³⁺ and Ho³⁺ ions for Cs₂NaBiCl₆:Sb³⁺/RE³⁺ DPs are enhanced by 38 and 29 times due to alloying Sb³⁺ ions, respectively. And the self-trapped exciton (STE) emission intensity is also dramatically increased. The energy transfer process from free exciton (FE) to STE and excited state level of RE³⁺ contribute to increased luminescence intensity. In addition, the temperature-dependent luminescence spectra of Cs₂NaBiCl₆:Sb³⁺/RE³⁺ samples were measured from 83 to 423 K. The luminescence thermal enhancement phenomenon is obtained at lower temperature range. At last, the anti-counterfeiting application of Cs₂NaBiCl₆:Sb³⁺/RE³⁺ samples is elaborated due to their bright multi-color emission under different excitation and temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 9","pages":"Pages 2560-2571"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147905692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural evolution-facilitated broadband near-infrared emission of multifunctional Sc-based phosphor with long wavelength","authors":"Yiting Huang,&nbsp;Haonan Cui,&nbsp;Zhepei Yan,&nbsp;Shuping Huang,&nbsp;Rui Wang,&nbsp;Hong Yuan,&nbsp;Yuxin Liu,&nbsp;Decai Huang,&nbsp;Jun Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Qian,&nbsp;Hong Li,&nbsp;Jing Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.09.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.09.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Near-infrared (NIR) phosphors have received widespread attention owing to their promising applications of bioimaging, night detecting, solar cell, and chemical identification. However, a challenging and difficult issue is realizing NIR luminescence centered at long wavelength (&gt;830 nm), hindering multifunctional applications. Herein, we reported a Sc-based NIR phosphor K₃Sc(PO₄)₂ (KSPO):Cr³⁺ with space group <em>P</em>_3 (No. 147), presenting 870 nm emissive peak and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 180 nm. The structural evolution is triggered via replacing K⁺ with Rb⁺, achieving a new Sc-based phosphor K₂RbSc(PO₄)₂ (KRSPO):Cr³⁺ with space group <em>P</em>_3<em>m</em>1 (No. 163). Despite the single occupancy of Cr³⁺ activator, the structural evolution significantly facilitates the intensity and efficiency of the broadband NIR emission, while concurrently causing the red-shift of the emissive peak to 900 nm, primarily resulting from the variation of host bandgap, Stokes shift and Cr³⁺ coordination field. A KRSPO:Cr³⁺-based NIR light source exhibits promisingly versatile applications of c-Si solar cell, non-destructive detection, bioimaging, night vision imaging, and chemical identification. This work confirms the significant role of host structure for achieving long-wavelength broadband NIR phosphor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 9","pages":"Pages 2597-2604"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatially isolated activator strategy for high sensitivity nanothermometry and multimodal bioimaging","authors":"Ruitong Song,&nbsp;Binghua Xiang,&nbsp;Shunju Liu,&nbsp;Jiaxiang Hu,&nbsp;Hao Fu,&nbsp;Yue Zhao,&nbsp;Changjiu He,&nbsp;Heping Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.08.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.08.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of rare earth-doped nanoparticles for multifunctional applications has drawn tremendous attention. However, the distinct properties of individual rare earth ions require a specific strategy to integrate them harmoniously for versatile applications. Herein, we report a conceptual model to design NaErF₄:Tm@NaYF₄@NaLuF₄:Yb/Tm@NaGdF₄ core–multilayer shell nanoplatform through spatial control and rationalization of the composition of each layer. Opposite thermal quenching phenomena of the core and the second layer without mutual influence are realized through the spatial separation of the inert interlayer, enabling multimode nanothermometry with an ultra-high absolute sensitivity of 1.05 K^‒1 and a relative sensitivity up to 3.75%/K. More importantly, the capability of multimodal tumor imaging is also validated by <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> experiments, including upconversion luminescence, computed tomography (CT), and <em>T</em>₁-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This proof-of-concept work demonstrates the great potential of this multifunctional nanoplatform for diverse applications, particularly for tumor imaging and nanothermometry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 9","pages":"Pages 2551-2559"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving thermally enhanced upconversion emission via lattice distortion and dimer-mediated energy transfer in 0D Mn2+/Yb3+/Er3+-tridoped Cs3BiCl6 perovskites","authors":"Zhenbeina Deng,&nbsp;Yusheng Xu,&nbsp;Qiudong Duan,&nbsp;Tianyu Guo,&nbsp;Xianchang Ning,&nbsp;Zhangwen Long,&nbsp;Dacheng Zhou,&nbsp;Qi Wang,&nbsp;Yugeng Wen,&nbsp;Jianbei Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.10.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zero-dimensional (0D) halide perovskites inherently exhibit inefficient energy transfer for lanthanide-based upconversion luminescence (UCL) due to isolated structural units. Despite extensive research efforts, the exploration and validation of thermally enhanced UCL in 0D perovskites remain notably limited. This study demonstrates that Mn²⁺/Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ tri-doping can achieve a ninefold enhancement of Er³⁺ UCL in 0D Cs₃BiCl₆ with preferential amplification of green emission. In particular, structural analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance, and steady-state spectroscopies confirm that the formation of Yb³⁺-Mn²⁺ dimers can overcome the limitation of an ultralong interionic distance of 0.774 nm, enabling efficient energy transfer upconversion at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, comparative investigations with one-dimensional (Cs₃Bi₂Cl₉) and three-dimensional (Cs₂NaBiCl₆) perovskites reveal that the pronounced UCL enhancement originates from Mn²⁺-induced lattice distortion and facilitates energy transfer from Yb³⁺-Mn²⁺ dimer to Er³⁺. Finally, the optical thermometry exhibits a high absolute sensitivity of 2.09%/K and outstanding thermal cycling properties in the 313–573 K range, paving the way for optical sensing applications and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 9","pages":"Pages 2587-2596"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147889122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gd3+-substituted NASICON Na4MnV1–xGdx(PO4)3/C@rGO nanocomposite as advanced cathods for sodium energy storage","authors":"Haiyan Yan,&nbsp;Yi Xie,&nbsp;Yonggang Hou,&nbsp;Jiamin Chao,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang,&nbsp;Xujiao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2026.04.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2026.04.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>NASICON-structured Na₄MnV(PO₄)₃ has been proposed as an advanced cathode for sodium energy storage owing to its stable crystal structure, appropriate Na⁺ migration channels, high operating voltage and high theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, its practical applications are severely prevented by the poor electronic conductivity, which leads to rapid capacity fading and bad high-rate property. To solve this critical issue, Gd³⁺-doped Na₄MnV_{1–<em>x</em>}Gd_<em>x</em>(PO₄)₃/C@rGO (<em>x</em> = 0, 0.06, 0.12 and 0.18) nanocomposites were prepared using a modified sol-gel method. The core innovation of this work is the construction of the three-stage core-shell-network structures for the designed composite. This structural design possesses the advantages of good electronic conductivity in the rGO networks, superior structural stability in the shell and highly active sites in the core. Physicochemical characterizations reveal that Gd³⁺ doping can expand the Na⁺ migration channels and improve the electronic conductivity of Na₄MnV(PO₄)₃, while the carbon coating and rGO can form the continuous conducting networks in the nanocomposite. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that the Gd³⁺-doped Na₄MnV_{1–<em>x</em>}Gd_<em>x</em>(PO₄)₃/C@rGO (<em>x</em> = 0.06, 0.12 and 0.18) electrodes display enhanced sodium storage performances than the undoped Na₄MnV(PO₄)₃/C@rGO. Especially, Na₄MnV_0.88Gd_0.12(PO₄)₃/C@rGO cathode delivers the discharge capacity of 111.7 mA⋅h/g at 0.1C and possesses the high-capacity retention of about 92.5% after 2000 cycles at 30C. Therefore, the proposed strategy of rare-earth doping combines with <em>in-situ</em> carbon coating and rGO network via the sol-gel method features simplicity and reproducibility, which can provide a versatile approach for the modification of other electrodes for sodium-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 9","pages":"Pages 2691-2702"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimal Ag+ implantation in lanthanide-based elpasolite: Trap-state manipulation unlocks high-performance multicolor persistent luminescence","authors":"Mingxing Li,&nbsp;Chennan Zhang,&nbsp;Wenwu You,&nbsp;Shuanglai Liu,&nbsp;Jiacai Li,&nbsp;Huimin Zhang,&nbsp;Huafang Zhang,&nbsp;Gencai Pan,&nbsp;Yanli Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.09.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.09.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>X-ray-activated persistent luminescence (PersL) materials have found widespread applications in radiation monitoring and imaging. However, due to the challenges in trap-state engineering, few materials exhibit outstanding PersL performance. Although doping strategy offers a potential approach for trap manipulation, achieving an optimal balance between PersL characteristics and luminescence efficiency remains highly challenging. In this study, the lanthanide (Ln³⁺ = Tb³⁺, Tm³⁺, Er³⁺, Ho³⁺, Dy³⁺, Sm³⁺, Pr³⁺)-doped Cs₂LiLuCl₆ elpasolite exhibits outstanding PersL properties under X-ray excitation, with tunable multicolor PersL across the visible spectrum achieved through tuning the concentration and species of Ln³⁺ dopants. Crucially, only a trace amount of Ag⁺ doping (0.3 mol%) is required to significantly optimize trap depth distribution, enabling ultralong room-temperature multicolor PersL (&gt;7 h at 300 K) while largely preserving luminescence efficiency. This finding clearly establishes the crucial role of highly reducible Ag⁺ in optimizing trap energy level distribution. Leveraging the exceptional room-temperature PersL performance of Cs₂LiLuCl₆:0.3 mol%Ag⁺,Ln³⁺ potential applications in X-ray PersL imaging and advanced information encryption is demonstrated, showcasing its promise for practical implementations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 9","pages":"Pages 2634-2641"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research advances in rare-earth nonlinear optical crystalline materials in 2025","authors":"Tiantian He,&nbsp;Dandan Zhou,&nbsp;Fang Kong,&nbsp;Jianggao Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2026.07.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2026.07.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals are critical components in laser frequency conversion systems, with widespread applications in all-solid-state lasers, optical communication, and precision photonic technologies. Its independent R&amp;D and industrialization capabilities are of great significance for safeguarding the country's strategic needs in high-end manufacturing, quantum information, and national defense. Rare-earth compounds have garnered significant attention in the field of nonlinear optics due to their unique electronic structures, flexible coordination modes, and diverse structural types. Rare-earth ions can form various structural building units with oxygen, sulfur, and halogen elements. Through structural distortion, non-centrosymmetric arrangement, and synergistic interactions with active building units, they can effectively modulate the bandgap, birefringence, and NLO properties of materials. This review systematically summarizes the research progress in rare earth-based NLO crystals reported in 2025. Based on their chemical composition, they are categorized into five groups: rare-earth oxysalts, rare-earth fluorides, rare-earth chalcogenides, organic-inorganic hybrid materials, and rare-earth-doped NLO materials. Studies indicate that rare earth-based NLO materials exhibit broad application potential across the deep ultraviolet to mid-to-far infrared wavelength ranges. This article aims to summarize the compositional types, structural features, and optical properties of different rare-earth-based nonlinear optical crystals, providing a useful reference for future material screening, performance optimization, and application-oriented studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 9","pages":"Pages 2501-2510"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A healable polyurethane elastomer with high mechanical strength and record-high toughness enabled by synergistic action of hydrogen bond and Eu3+−phen coordination bonds","authors":"Xianglong Li,&nbsp;Yige Wang,&nbsp;Huanrong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-performance elastomers have attracted considerable scientific attention owing to their ubiquitous applications across industrial sectors and daily life scenarios. Despite their technological prevalence, the development of multifunctional elastomeric systems that simultaneously demonstrate exceptional mechanical robustness, remarkable self-healing capability, and intrinsic photoluminescent characteristics remains a critical challenge in advanced materials engineering. In this work, a photoluminescent self-healing polyurethane elastomer with synergistically enhanced network architecture was fabricated through strategic integration of hydrogen-bonded functional motifs and lanthanide (Ln³⁺) coordination complexes featuring dynamic metal–ligand coordination bonds. Consequently, the elastomer achieves exceptional mechanical performance, a high strength of 64.04 MPa, an elongation at break of 2159.18% and an ultrahigh toughness of 512.32 MJ/m³, which is 3.2 times the toughness of typical spider silk (∼160 MJ/m³), even surpasses the toughest spider silk found to date (∼354 MJ/m³). These exceptional mechanical characteristics are principally attributed to the synergistic interplay between rationally architected Eu³⁺-ligand coordination clusters and hierarchically structured hydrogen-bonding domains comprising multifunctional acylsemicarbazide/urethane motifs. The hierarchical hydrogen-bond arrays and Ln³⁺-ligand coordination bonds function as dynamic and firm crosslinks, operating through reversible breakage–reformation cycles to dissipate mechanical energy. This network design simultaneously confers high strength, autonomous self-healing, and recyclability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 9","pages":"Pages 2733-2740"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerium-based halide nanocrystals towards fast high-energy radiation detection and sensitive temperature radiation sensing","authors":"Xin Li,&nbsp;Jinming Yan,&nbsp;Terefe Tafese Bezuneh,&nbsp;Tongtong Kou,&nbsp;Dan Yang,&nbsp;Rumeng Luo,&nbsp;Tong Chang,&nbsp;Deqiang Zhao,&nbsp;Feng Liu,&nbsp;Liang Wang,&nbsp;William W. Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.12.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.12.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rare-earth based luminescent materials offer rich electronic energy level structures, making them highly attractive for optoelectronic applications. Among them, all-inorganic cerium-based compounds such as Cs₃CeX₆ (X = Cl, Br, I) have garnered significant attention due to their high photoluminescence quantum yields and excellent structural stability. Herein, pristine and various metal ions-doped rare-earth cerium-based Cs₃CeBr₆ nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized via a hot-injection method. By introducing Tb³⁺ (rare earth), Mn²⁺ (transition metal), and Sb³⁺ (main-group element), we achieved tunable dual emissions with distinct colors i.e., cyan, pink, and orange-yellow, respectively. Femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy reveals distinct luminescence mechanisms: host-to-dopant energy transfer dominates in the Tb³⁺/Mn²⁺ systems, while Sb³⁺ doping introduces an additional radiative recombination channel. We further fabricated Cs₃CeBr₆/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) flexible films, which exhibit excellent scintillation response and X-ray imaging capability under high-energy radiation. Additionally, we developed optical thermometers based on Tb³⁺-, Mn²⁺-, and Sb³⁺-doped Cs₃CeBr₆, as well as Sb³⁺-doped Cs₃CeCl₆ NCs. By comparing the temperature-dependent emission behaviors of host 5d-4f transitions and dopant-related f–f, d–d, and s-p transitions, the Sb³⁺-doped system demonstrates a maximum relative sensitivity (<em>S</em>_r) of 1.49%/K in the 90–210 K range. These results establish rare-earth cerium-based halide NCs as versatile platforms for multimodal radiation sensing, ranging from high-energy radiation detection to temperature-dependent photonic technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 9","pages":"Pages 2650-2659"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147884261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalyst of rare earth-doped g-C3N4 for efficient hydrogen peroxide production","authors":"Kangle Xie,&nbsp;Dandan Jiang,&nbsp;Xiahong Xu,&nbsp;Junjie Hu,&nbsp;Yan Peng,&nbsp;Suijun Liu,&nbsp;Herui Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.09.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jre.2025.09.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing new graphitic carbon nitride (BCN) for hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) formation is a sustainable pathway for the chemical industry, but the slow migration of photogenerated charges due to the weak internal electric field of BCN severely limits the H₂O₂ yield. Herein, a series of photocatalysts of rare earth (La, Ce, Eu, Tb, Er and Yb) doped g-C₃N₄ was synthesized through a facile calcination method using hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF-MA) and rare earth salt. Among them, the initial photocatalytic H₂O₂ rate of optimal Er-doped g-C₃N₄ (Er-CN) attains 300.74 μmol/(g·h), which is 125.83 times greater than that of BCN. Experimental characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations unveil that the introduced bonding of Er to N as an electronic bridge to promote effective charge separation and migration, strong O₂ adsorption capacity, and low reaction energy barrier of hydroperoxyl radical (∗OOH) intermediates are the important factors for excellent photoactivity. Moreover, the experimental results confirm the superoxide anion radical (·O₂^–) and ∗OOH as mediators, and two-step single-electron O₂ reduction transfer pathway in the photocatalytic H₂O₂ production by Er-CN. This work provides an effective strategy for the design and development of novel rare earth doped g-C₃N₄ catalysts for photocatalytic H₂O₂ production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16940,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rare Earths","volume":"44 9","pages":"Pages 2668-2677"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148861953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}