Journal of psychiatric research最新文献

{"title":"Differential prevalence of psychiatric disorders and mental health characteristics associated with lifetime suicide attempts in the Asian American and Pacific Islander adult population","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) adults are an understudied group in terms of their mental health and mental healthcare needs. This has been complicated by the difficulty of recruiting adequate national samples of AAPI adults for research.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to analyze national data to examine the lifetime prevalence of major psychiatric disorders among AAPI adults relative to non-AAPI adults, as well as to identify and compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with lifetime suicide attempts among AAPI and non-AAPI adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional data on 36,109 adults, including 1801 AAPI adults, from the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III), were analyzed with a series of chi-square and logistic regression analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found a significantly lower lifetime prevalence of mental health disorders in the AAPI versus the non-AAPI population nationally, including 2% of AAPI adults reporting lifetime suicide attempts as compared to about 5% of non-AAPI adults. Female sex and a history of major depressive disorder diagnosis were associated with lifetime suicide attempts in the AAPI and non-AAPI populations. Several unique factors were associated with having a history of suicide attempts in only the AAPI population, including a military service history and a diagnosis of panic disorder.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Our analysis demonstrated the significant sectors of the AAPI population that merit research, support, and intervention, including the AAPI veteran population. This study identifies several characteristics among AAPI adults that may make them particularly vulnerable to psychiatric problems and suicide risk, which may inform targeted prevention and efforts to provide culturally competent care to this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of tobacco smoking and alcohol use can predict the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in individuals with schizophrenia: A multicenter clinical trial","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Current research has found that factors such as gender, age, and family history can predict the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in individuals with schizophrenia. In our clinical practice, we anecdotally observed that tobacco smokers and alcohol drinkers with schizophrenia seemed to respond more effectively to ECT than non-smokers and non-drinkers. The current study aimed to examine whether history of tobacco smoking or alcohol consumption serve as indicators for predicting therapeutic efficacy of ECT in individuals with schizophrenia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 481 individuals receiving ECT combined with antipsychotic medication (ECT + AP medication) completed a two-week (six sessions of ECT) follow-up; 106 individuals receiving only antipsychotic medication (AP medication) also completed a two-week follow-up. Smoking, alcohol consumption, and AP medication usage was recorded for these individuals. Severity of psychotic symptoms was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ECT + AP medication: Compared to schizophrenic individuals without a history of smoking (non-smokers), those with a history of smoking (smokers) showed a high decrease in negative symptoms (36.96% vs 24.76%; <em>F</em> = 5.974, <em>p</em> = 0.015). While, compared to individuals without a history of alcohol consumption (non-drinkers), those with a history of alcohol consumption (drinkers) showed a high decrease in positive symptoms (48.90% vs 41.47%; <em>F</em> = 5.074, <em>p</em> = 0.025). AP medication: No differences were found in symptom reduction between smokers and non-smokers or between drinkers and non-drinkers (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Smoking history in schizophrenic individuals independently predicts better improvement in negative symptoms after ECT, while alcohol consumption history independently predicts better improvement in positive symptoms after ECT. This is a clinically significant finding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis cue-reactivity in cannabis use disorder: Diverging evidence in two distinct cannabis cultures","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cannabis policies and attitudes play a role in the development and presentation of cannabis use disorder (CUD), but it is unclear how these factors are related to biomarkers of addiction. The current study examined cross-cultural differences in cannabis attitudes, cannabis cue-reactivity in the brain and its associations with cannabis use measures and cannabis attitudes.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional fMRI study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>The Netherlands (NL) and Texas (TX), USA.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>104 cannabis users with CUD (44% female; NL-CUD = 54, TX-CUD = 50) and 83 non-using controls (52% female; NL-CON = 50, TX-CON = 33).</div></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><div>Self-reported positive (perceived benefits) and negative (perceived harms) cannabis attitudes and tactile cannabis cue-reactivity assessed using a 3T MRI scanner.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>While the CUD group overall was more positive and less negative about cannabis and reported higher craving, the TX-CUD group reported significantly more positive and less negative attitudes and less craving than the NL-CUD group. Cannabis cue-reactivity was observed in the CUD group in clusters including the precuneus, lateral occipital cortex, frontal medial cortex, nucleus accumbens, and thalamus. In the TX-CUD group, a positive association was observed between symptom severity and cue-induced craving and cannabis cue-reactivity in precuneus and occipital cortex clusters, while a negative association was observed in the NL-CUD group. In these clusters, individuals with more positive attitudes exhibited a positive association between craving and cue-reactivity and those with less positive attitudes exhibited a negative association. No associations with quantity of use were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Cue-induced craving might be deferentially associated with cannabis cue-reactivity across distinct cannabis use environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiological activity following gains and losses among young adults with non-suicidal self-injury: An ERP study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an increasingly concerning issue that is linked to a range of mental health problems. However, little is known about the potential neurophysiological mechanisms underlying risk decision-making in Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with NSSI—the present study aimed to fill this important literature gap.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 81 MDD patients (with NSSI: n = 40, without NSSI: n = 41) and 44 matched healthy controls (HC) underwent a modified version of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) while an electroencephalogram was recorded. Feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P300 were examined during the feedback stage of the risky decision-making process.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Behavioural findings revealed that individuals diagnosed with MDD displayed a greater tendency to make risky decisions compared to the control group. Furthermore, MDD patients with NSSI demonstrated a significantly more negative ΔFN (i.e., the difference in neural response to losses compared to gains) than those without NSSI. Further, NSSI patients showed a larger difference ΔFN (loss minus gain), which was associated with enhanced impulsivity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Collectively, the findings suggest that there is an altered processing of risky decision-making in the electrophysiology of patients with MDD who engage in NSSI. The ΔFN may serve as a psychophysiological marker indicating risk for NSSI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperarousal dynamics reveal an overnight increase boosted by insomnia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperarousal is a key symptom of anxiety, stress-related disorders, and insomnia. However, it has been conceptualized in many different ways, ranging from various physiological markers (e.g. cortisol levels, high-frequency EEG activity) to personality traits, or state assessments of subjective anxiety and tension. This approach resulted in partly inconsistent evidence, complicating unified interpretations. Crucially, no previous studies addressed the likely variability of hyperarousal within and across days, nor the relationship of such variability in hyperarousal with the night-by-night variability in sleep quality characteristic of insomnia.</div><div>Here, we present a novel data-driven approach to understanding dynamics of state hyperarousal in insomnia. Using ecological momentary assessment, we tracked fluctuations in a wide range of emotions across 9 days in 169 people with insomnia disorders and 38 controls without sleep problems. Exploratory factor analysis identified a hyperarousal factor, comprised of items describing tension and distress. People with insomnia scored significantly higher on this factor than controls at all timepoints. In both groups, the hyperarousal factor score peaked in the morning and waned throughout the day, pointing to a potential contributing role of sleep or other circadian processes. Importantly, the overnight increase in hyperarousal was stronger in people with in insomnia than in controls. Subsequent adaptive LASSO regression analysis revealed a stronger overnight increase in hyperarousal across nights of worse subjective sleep quality.</div><div>These findings demonstrate the relationship between subjective sleep quality and overnight modulations of hyperarousal. Disorders in which hyperarousal is a predominant complaint might therefore benefit from interventions focused on improving sleep quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicted vitamin D levels and risk of depression in the SUN Project: A prospective cohort study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study aimed to investigate the association between predicted vitamin D status and depression in a prospective Spanish cohort of university graduates. The SUN Project is a dynamic cohort study designed to investigate multiple aspects of health and lifestyle. Participants were asked to complete a comprehensive questionnaire consisting of 556 items, that included a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Participants initially free of depression were classified as incident cases if they reported a medical diagnosis of depression during follow-up. Serum vitamin D levels were predicted by a previously validated equation. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL. Cox models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We included 15,175 Spanish university graduates [mean (SD) age: 36.9 year (11.5)] followed-up for a median of 12.7 years. Among 192,976 person-years of follow-up, we identified 753 incident cases of depression. Participants with vitamin D deficiency had a 27% higher risk of depression as compared to those with vitamin D sufficiency (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.09–1.48; p = 0.002) after adjusting for potential confounders. Furthermore, a significant effect modification by female sex was observed with higher depression risks associated with vitamin D deficiency in women than in men (p for interaction = 0.034). In educated middle-aged Spanish adults, we observed a direct association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of depression, that was stronger among women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How I think about how I feel: Personal beliefs about emotion prospectively predict suicide-related outcomes and depression symptoms","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One transdiagnostic process that may be critical to depression and suicidal ideation is beliefs about the nature of <em>one's own</em> emotions, both concurrently and longitudinally. In a sample of community adults (<em>n</em> = 143), we assessed personal emotion beliefs about the degree to which one's own emotions are malleable, unique, and last a long time. There were significant associations between stronger views that one's own emotions were fixed, unique to you, and had a longer duration and higher clinical symptom severity, including higher levels of current suicidal ideation, and less adaptive emotion regulation. Mediation analyses using longitudinal data clarified that the differential engagement in emotion regulation, specifically rumination, represented the link tying specific personal emotion beliefs to clinical symptoms and that, in certain cases, the opposite pathway is also significant – differences in clinical symptoms mediated the relationship between specific personal emotion beliefs and emotion regulation (rumination) longitudinally. Additionally, personal emotion beliefs varied based on depression status, as determined using a semi-structured clinical interview. For example, individuals meeting current criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) held stronger views that their emotions were unique to them compared to individuals with remitted MDD or no history of MDD. The current study's findings highlight the important role of specific personal emotion beliefs in clinical symptoms concurrently and longitudinally and mechanisms in these relationships. These results could guide future research on interventions to promote more adaptive beliefs about emotion to improve clinical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach to investigate the mechanism of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of major depression disorder: Diffusion kurtosis imaging","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Major depression disorder (MDD) exhibits a high global incidence; however, its pathogenesis remains elusive. In this prospective study, we employed diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) to investigate changes in brain function among patients with MDD both pre- and post-electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We divided a sample of 22 MDD patients into ECT group, which received six treatments over a span of two weeks, and control group (<em>n</em> = 12). DKI scanning was performed before and after treatment. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Life Satisfaction Rating Scale (LSRS) were administered to assess depressive symptoms at baseline, on the 14th day, and at month three.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences were found between group, time and time × group in terms of HAMD score and LSRS score. In the ECT group compared to pre- ECT measurement, changes in mean diffusivity (MD), fractional Anisotropy (FA), mean kurtosis (MK), radial kurtosis (RK), FA of kurtosis (KA), and anxia kurtosis (AK) value were detected in specific regions such as the frontal, temporal lobe, and hippocampus. In the control group only MD and RK value increased in a limited number of area.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ECT holds the potential to elicit neuroplasticity in the brain, facilitating rapid structural modifications and amelioration of depressive symptoms in patients with MDD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Natural Language Processing to develop risk-tier specific suicide prediction models for Veterans Affairs patients","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Suicide is a leading cause of death. Suicide rates are particularly elevated among Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) patients. While VA has made impactful suicide prevention advances, efforts primarily target high-risk patients with documented suicide risk. This high-risk population accounts for less than 10% of VA patient suicide deaths. We previously evaluated epidemiological patterns among VA patients that had lower classified suicide risk and derived moderate- and low-risk groupings. Expanding upon VA's leading suicide prediction model, this study uses national VA data to refine high-, moderate-, and low-risk specific suicide prediction methods. We selected all VA patients who died by suicide in 2017 or 2018 (n = 4584), matching each case with five controls who remained alive during treatment year and shared suicide risk percentiles. We extracted all sample unstructured electronic health record notes, analyzed them using natural language processing, and applied machine-learning classification algorithms to develop risk-tier-specific predictive models. We calculated area under the curve (AUC) and suicide risk concentration to evaluate predictive accuracy and analyzed derived words.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our high-risk model (AUC = 0.621 (95% CI: 0.55–0.68)), moderate-risk (AUC = 0.669 (95% CI: 0.64–0.71)), and low-risk (AUC = 0.673 (95% CI: 0.63–0.72)) models offered significant predictive accuracy over VA's leading suicide prediction algorithm. Derived words varied considerably, the high-risk model including chronic condition service words, moderate-risk model including outpatient care, and low-risk model including acute condition care.</div><div>Study suggests benefit of leveraging unstructured electronic health records and expands prediction resources for non-high-risk suicide decedents, an historically underserved population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ICD-11 adjustment disorder: Translation and validation of the Danish international adjustment disorder questionnaire among a working population of social educators","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adjustment disorder is frequently used as a diagnostic category for work-related stress disorders in Denmark. However, the diagnostic category is poorly delineated in ICD-10 which has hampered clinical practice as well as research studying the development of work-related adjustment disorders. In ICD-11, the diagnostic category of adjustment disorder has been refined and a new self-report measure is available to operationalize symptoms. The aim of the current study is to translate the International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire (IADQ) to Danish and test the psychometric properties of the scale in a sample of social educators. A total of 609 social educators in current employment participated in an online survey including the IADQ and data was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. Findings suggested that a two-factor model reflecting the distinction between preoccupation and failure to adapt as part of the diagnostic criterion fitted the data best, although strong factor correlations and one cross-factor loading suggests that differentiating between the dimensions of preoccupation and failure to adapt is difficult. Relationships to burnout, posttraumatic stress and general distress support the validity of the Danish translation of the IADQ. Further research should explore the structure of adjustment disorder among other working populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}