Journal of Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"The intensity of coffee berry disease (Colletotrichum kahawae Waller and Bridge) and its association with biophysical factors in Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Ano Wariyo, Mashilla Dejene, Eshetu Derso, Zelalem Bekeko","doi":"10.1007/s42161-024-01658-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-024-01658-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coffee berry disease (CBD) (caused by <i>Colletotrichum kahawae</i> Waller and Bridge), is the major limiting factor in coffee production and is markedly increasing, particularly in southern Ethiopia. Therefore, the current work was conducted with the objectives of (1) assessing the current status of the disease and (2) identifying major biophysical factors associated with disease intensity. Field surveys were conducted to perform disease assessments and identify major biophysical factors associated with CBD intensity across six districts from mid-July to August 2021 cropping season. The mean CBD incidence and severity ranged from 24.7 to 74.8%, and 15.7 to 53.4%, respectively. Independent variables such as districts, altitudes, and cultivar types were the most important variables that were significantly associated with the intensity of CBD in the study areas. Future research work should focus on conducting comprehensive epidemiological surveys, and the distribution of released and developing new CBD-resistant varieties to their specific agroecologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biology, phylogenetic and evolutionary relations of Tradescantia mild mosaic virus isolates from Hungary","authors":"János Ágoston, Asztéria Almási, Dóra Pinczés, Réka Sáray, Katalin Salánki, László Palkovics","doi":"10.1007/s42161-024-01661-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-024-01661-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In Western Transdanubia in 2018 and in Central-Hungary in 2022 spiderwort plants showed flower breaking symptoms and mild mosaic on the foliage, which indicated a potential virus infection. One gram of symptomatic leaf sample was collected at both locations. Potyvirus-specific ELISA tests demonstrated potyvirus infection. To identify the virus species, potyvirus-specific RT-PCR was carried out on the samples. In both samples specific PCR products were detected and cloned into pGEM®-T Easy vector. The nucleotide sequences of the inserts were determined by Sanger sequencing. BLASTn searches on the complete coat protein region of both isolates demonstrated more than 99.87% identity with Tradescantia mild mosaic virus (TraMMV; accession number OL584375). Koch postulates were fulfilled by sap inoculating seed grown spiderwort plants. Phylogenetic analyses of the TraMMV coat protein sequences revealed two distinct evolutionary lineages: a tropical subgroup with at least 97.84% identity within the group and temperate subgroup with at least 98.97% identity within the group. One major difference between the subgroups was in the triplet responsible for vector transmission. The isolates belonging to the tropical subgroup had DAG triplets, while the temperate subgroup had NAG triplets. The difference in the triplets could be caused by natural diversification, directional selection or disruptive selection.</p><p><b>License</b>: CC BY-NC-ND</p>","PeriodicalId":16837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140888935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The artificial production of viral-like particles in Nicotiana benthamiana suggests the pro-assembly role of the Cannabis cryptic virus RdRP","authors":"N. Miotti, M. Dall’Ara, D. Baldo, A. Passera, P. Casati, C. Ratti","doi":"10.1007/s42161-024-01628-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-024-01628-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The partitivirids feature an icosahedral protein coating accommodating both their dsRNA genome and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). This signifies that transcription and replication activities of the viral polymerase occur within the capsid, emphasizing that the viral cycle relies on polymerase incorporation. Particles lacking RdRP are defective and hence non-infectious. Encapsidation and replication are intricately linked for dsRNA viruses, to the extent that, for many of these, such as the cystovirids, the RdRP serves a dual role as a transcriptase/replicase and a pro-assembly factor, ensuring structural stability and overall capsid integrity. This work investigates if RdRP has a similar role within the capsid of Cannabis cryptic virus (CanCV), a betapartitivirus affecting <i>Cannabis sativa</i>. Utilizing reverse genetics in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>, we conclusively established that RdRP expression is indispensable for CanCV’s virus-like particle formation. This study enhances our understanding of CanCV encapsidation, with RdRP serving a pivotal role as a pro-assembly factor. These preliminary findings contribute to the knowledge of viral assembly within the <i>Partitiviridae</i> family.</p>","PeriodicalId":16837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140810370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can higher aggressiveness effectively compensate for a virulence deficiency in plant pathogen? A case study of Puccinia triticina’s fitness evolution in a diversified varietal landscape","authors":"Cécilia Fontyn, Kevin JG Meyer, Anne-Lise Boixel, Corentin Picard, Adrien Destanque, Thierry C Marcel, Frédéric Suffert, Henriette Goyeau","doi":"10.1007/s42161-024-01653-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-024-01653-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant resistances impose strong selective pressure on plant pathogen populations through the deployment of resistance genes, which leads to the emergence of new virulences. The pathogen adaptation also involves other parasitic fitness traits, especially aggressiveness components. A previous study on <i>Puccinia triticina</i>, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, revealed that the distribution frequency of virulences in the French pathogen population cannot be fully explained by the major resistance genes deployed in the landscape. From 2012 to 2015, two dominant pathotypes (distinguished by their combination of virulences) were equally frequent despite the theoretical advantage conferred to one pathotype (166 317 0) by its virulence to <i>Lr3</i>, frequent in the cultivated landscape, whereas the other (106 314 0) is avirulent to this gene. To explain this apparent contradiction, we assessed three components of aggressiveness — infection efficiency, latency period and sporulation capacity — for 23 isolates representative of the most frequent genotype within each pathotype (106 314 0-G2 and 166 317 0-G1, identified by their combination of microsatellite markers). We tested these isolates on seedlings of Michigan Amber, a ‘naive’ wheat cultivar that has never been grown in the landscape, Apache, a ’neutral‘ cultivar with no selection effect on the landscape-pathotype pattern, and several cultivars that were frequently grown. We found that 106 314 0-G2 was more aggressive than 166 317 0-G1, with a consistency for the three components of aggressiveness. Our results show that aggressiveness plays a significant role in driving evolution in pathogen populations by acting as a selective advantage, even offsetting the disadvantage of lacking virulence towards a major <i>Lr</i> gene. Higher aggressiveness represents a competitive advantage that is likely even more pronounced when exhibited at the landscape scale as the expression of its multiple components is amplified by the polycyclic nature of epidemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":16837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140810372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching plant pathology: a forty-five year long journey","authors":"Maria Lodovica Gullino","doi":"10.1007/s42161-024-01644-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-024-01644-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper describes the experience of teaching plant pathology in Italy and traces the teaching environment over a period of more than 45 years, split into three main periods: 1975–2000; 2001–2020; and after 2020. The three periods are marked by different attitudes towards agriculture and, consequently, by a variable attractiveness of agricultural study programmes for students, as well as significant changes in the population of teachers and students. The teaching experience has been described by focusing on the changes that have taken place, from the perspectives of both students and teachers, all considered in an environment of continuous transformation. The changing importance of agriculture, the different approaches of people (consumers) towards agriculture, and how it has influenced students’ choices are considered. Data related to student enrolment at the College of Agriculture of the University of Turin have been used to provide real figures, which are useful to obtain a better understanding of the changes in the student population, also considering the different attractiveness of Agricultural Sciences, Forestry and Food Science, as well as the variations in the composition of the female student population, which increased from 28% in the late 1970’s to 38% in 2020. Female students now show the highest interest in Food Science Courses. The changes in the students and teachers’ backgrounds and attitudes, as well as in the teaching and learning methods are considered, and some critical considerations are drawn, also on the basis of the developed personal experience. Moreover, the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic disruption are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140810395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cropping system support in downy mildew control in basil in organic farming: a two-year open field experiment","authors":"L La Placa, S Cornali, F Bertinaria, A Rossetti, M Marchini, R Reggiani, P Battilani","doi":"10.1007/s42161-024-01651-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-024-01651-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Basil Downy Mildew (BDM), caused by the oomycete <i>Peronospora belbahrii,</i> is a major issue for sweet basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.) production worldwide. Currently, the disease is mainly controlled by chemical fungicides, but the development of populations of the pathogen which are resistant to the most widely used compounds is leading to the research of alternative crop protection strategies. Therefore, in this paper, some cropping variables were tested in a field trial conducted in two consecutive years (2021 and 2022) in Northern Italy in organic farming conditions, with the overall objective to optimize basil productivity and quality and limit BDM occurrence. These include two basil varieties, two sowing densities (dense, 30 kg/ha, and sparse, 15 kg/ha), and two irrigation systems (drip and sprinkler). A higher incidence and severity of BDM in 2022 compared to 2021 was observed, mainly due to the different climatic conditions that occurred in the two years. Year 2022 was characterized by high temperatures and repeated drought phenomena that led to basil stress and BDM severe outbreak. Moreover, variety 1 (considered resistant to <i>P. belbahrii</i>) was confirmed to be completely resistant in 2021 but it was found to be susceptible the following year, with disease incidence and severity comparable to variety 2 (medium susceptible). No differences were detected in terms of BDM occurrence and crop yield between the two sowing densities (mean of 58.4% and 26.6% of BDM incidence and severity, respectively; mean yield 1.4 kg/m²), while it emerged that drip irrigation can be useful in reducing BDM (−23.1% BDM severity). Therefore, this study suggests that the crop protection strategies tested, even if not definitive solutions, can significantly contribute to manage BDM more effectively, while preserving basil productivity and quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":16837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140810170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surfactin as a multifaceted biometabolite for sustainable plant defense: a review","authors":"Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi","doi":"10.1007/s42161-024-01645-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-024-01645-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plants face numerous challenges in their ongoing battle against pests and diseases. Traditional protection methods often involve synthetic pesticides, which have a detrimental impact on the environment and human health. However, the quest for eco-friendly and sustainable solutions has brought surfactin into the spotlight as a promising defender of plants. Surfactin, a biometabolite produced by <i>Bacillus</i> spp., has gained attention due to its multifaceted properties contributing to plant defense. This review highlights the eco-friendly nature of surfactin and explores its notable functions as an antimicrobial agent, the ability to modulate plant defense mechanisms, enhance colonization and biofilm formation of antagonists, and ultimately promote plant growth. Furthermore, the environmentally friendly characteristics of surfactin, such as its biodegradability and low toxicity, make it an ideal candidate for sustainable plant protection strategies. The potential applications and challenges in utilizing surfactin as an eco-friendly defender of plants are discussed, providing insights for future research and the development of innovative and sustainable agricultural practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":16837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140801661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De novo assembly-based transcriptome analysis of resistant and susceptible potato varieties to Phytophthora infestans","authors":"Heba A. Mahfouze, O. E. El-Sayed","doi":"10.1007/s42161-024-01636-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-024-01636-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An effective tool for discovering differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to late blight (LB) resistance is the transcriptome sequencing of potatoes. The aim of this study was to compare transcriptome expression analysis in incompatible and compatible interactions via high-throughput sequencing. Furthermore, we performed a bioinformatics analysis to screen a large number of specific transcription factors (TFs) and DEGs linked to <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> infection. Two locally cultivated potato varieties were chosen from evaluation assays conducted in two consecutive seasons and based on the disease severity (DS) values. These varieties were the highly resistant Jelly (HR) to <i>P. infestans</i> and the moderately susceptible Annabelle (MS). Ribonucleic acid-sequencing (RNA-seq) was achieved for the two varieties with their controls through the BGISEQ-500 sequencing platform. The RNA-seq analysis identified <i>P. infestans</i>-responsive genes and their expression in potatoes. The mechanism of the response of these cultivars to the <i>P. infestans</i> pathogen by TFs and DEG genes, which play an important role in defense response, was investigated. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis classified 46,248 unigenes in the HR and 26,921 unigenes in MS into the following three categories: biological process, cellular component, and molecular functions. More genes were responsible for the cellular component category, biological process, and molecular functions in HR compared to MS. Moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the significantly enriched DEGs were included in the plant–pathogen interaction, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and ribosome. In addition, 1874 transcription factor genes belonging to 85 families were indicated in the DEGs, of which MYB and AP2-EREBP genes were the most abundant. Besides, multiple genes related to LB resistance showed differential expression during infection. It also sheds light on the molecular mechanisms behind potato resistance to <i>P. infestans</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140624613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of Erwinia amylovora isolates from fire blight diseased trees in Central and Eastern Georgia","authors":"Tinatin Sadunishvili, Dali Gaganidze, Nanuli Amashukeli, Mariam Aznarashvili, Shorena Kharadze, Neli Sturua, Fabio Rezzonico","doi":"10.1007/s42161-024-01649-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-024-01649-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The genetic diversity of 52 <i>Erwinia amylovora</i> isolates from pome fruit trees with fire blight in Central and Eastern Georgia from the years 2020–2022 was examined using specific PCR and genotyping of CRISPR repeat regions 1 and 2. The analysis identified three distinct genotypes: (A, a, α), matching historical Western European strains; (A, z, α), distinctive for Georgia and differing by a three-spacer deletion in CRR2 (2034–2036); as well as novel genotype (A, ä, α), which was not observed previously. Genotypes (A, a, α) and (A, z, α) were found to coexist geographically in all four regions investigated, whereas genotype (A, ä, α) was reported only in one case in the region of Kvemo Kartli. On separate instances, multiple genotypes were detected even within the same orchard or tree, illustrating the complex genetic landscape of <i>E. amylovora</i> in the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":16837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140624826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and functional analysis of microbial communities in Bletilla striata","authors":"Dong Liu, Xinxia Lv, Hengsheng Wang, Kehua Tang, Wenying Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42161-024-01630-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-024-01630-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The connection between the traditional Chinese medicinal herb <i>Bletilla striata</i> and microorganisms is still not well understood. Our study aimed to uncover the structure and diversity of the fungal and bacterial communities associated with <i>B. striata</i>. Bioinformatics, biocontrol and biochemical experiments were carried out. In terms of relative abundance of the top 15 phyla of microbial species, tenericutes in stems (58.74%) and roots (39.36%) showed the highest relative abundance, while cyanobacteria in leaves presented the most (64.53%). At the genus level, there were 32 genera of bacteria detected in three tissues. <i>Sphingomonas</i> showed relative abundances in leaves (41.54%) and stems (22.68%), while <i>Paraburkholderia</i> showed the highest relative abundance in roots (20.87%). In contrast, the dominant genera of the fungi were <i>Melampsora</i> (28.55–43.61%) and <i>Cryptococcus</i> (6.1-25.56%) among the top 15 genera of fungi species. Twenty microorganisms were obtained from roots, stems, and leaves and isolated, which also confirmed the results of the bioinformatics analysis. The isolated <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> exhibits the capability to enhance both the growth and nutrient accumulation of <i>B. striata</i>. Additionally, <i>B. velezensis</i>, along with its fermentation products, contributes to the improvement of antioxidant enzyme activity. Notably, there are variations in the species and abundance of microflora present in the leaves, stems, and roots of <i>B. striata</i> at both the phylum and genus levels. The components of the microbial flora that were isolated and identified align with the results obtained from bioinformatic analyses. It is noteworthy that <i>B. velezensis</i> exerts a positive impact on the increase in yield of <i>B. striata</i>. This work provides important insights into <i>B. striata</i>-associated microorganisms that are essential for promoting growth and disease resistance by revealing the complex structure and variety of fungal and bacterial communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":16837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140565098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}